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Al-Shayeb, B.*; Sachdeva, R.*; Chen, L.-X.*; Ward, F.*; Munk, P.*; Devoto, A.*; Castelle, C. J.*; Olm, M. R.*; Bouma-Gregson, K.*; 天野 由記; et al.
Nature, 578(7795), p.425 - 431, 2020/02
被引用回数：275 パーセンタイル：99.46(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Phage typically have small genomes and depend on their bacterial hosts for replication. We generated metagenomic datasets from many diverse ecosystems and reconstructed hundreds of huge phage genomes, between 200 kbp and 716 kbp in length. Thirty four genomes were manually curated to completion, including the largest phage genomes yet reported. Expanded genetic repertoires include diverse and new CRISPR-Cas systems, tRNAs, tRNA synthetases, tRNA modification enzymes, initiation and elongation factors and ribosomal proteins. Phage CRISPR have the capacity to silence host transcription factors and translational genes, potentially as part of a larger interaction network that intercepts translation to redirect biosynthesis to phage-encoded functions. Some phage repurpose bacterial systems for phage-defense to eliminate competing phage. We phylogenetically define seven major clades of huge phage from human and other animal microbiomes, oceans, lakes, sediments, soils and the built environment. We conclude that large gene inventories reflect a conserved biological strategy, observed across a broad bacterial host range and resulting in the distribution of huge phage across Earth's ecosystems.
Ca + 
Cm 
116
studied at the GSI-SHIPHofmann, S.*; Heinz, S.*; Mann, R.*; Maurer, J.*; Khuyagbaatar, J.*; Ackermann, D.*; Antalic, S.*; Barth, B.*; Block, M.*; Burkhard, H. G.*; et al.
European Physical Journal A, 48(5), p.62_1 - 62_23, 2012/05
被引用回数：173 パーセンタイル：98.83(Physics, Nuclear)The synthesis of element 116 in the reactions of Ca+Cm was studied at the GSI-SHIP. Four decay chains from the isotope 
116 and one decay 
116 were detected at the reaction leading to the excitation energy of 40.9 MeV. The cross sections were 3.4 and 0.9 pb, respectively. The decay character reproduced the reported data at FLNR, Russia. In the 
decay chain, we observed the higher -particle energy in the decay of 
114, which suggested the population and the decay of a quasiparitcle state.
小野塚 正紀*; Alfile, J. P.*; Aubert, P.*; Dagenais, J.-F.*; Grebennikov, D.*; 伊尾木 公裕*; Jones, L.*; 小泉 興一; Krylov, V.*; Maslakowski, J.*; et al.
Fusion Engineering and Design, 55(4), p.397 - 410, 2001/09
被引用回数：28 パーセンタイル：85.99(Nuclear Science & Technology)ITER真空容器厚肉(60mm)構造体の製造及び保守時に必要となる溶接技術、切断技術、非破壊検査方法及びそれらの遠隔操作機器を開発した。オーステナイトステンレス製厚板に対しては、TIG溶接、プラズマ切断、超音波検査などの従来技術を改良し、溶接速度の向上(
.12m/min)、切断幅の極小化(
0mm)、欠陥サイズの特定化(板厚の
%)を図るなどの最適化を行った。またコスト及び技術的性能の観点より期待されている低圧力電子ビーム溶接(速度.2m/min)、多層パスYAGレーザ溶接(速度.5m/min)、YAGレーザ切断(
mm切断幅)及び電磁超音波探触子(探傷に媒体不要)を用いた検査技術などの最新手法検討も行った。さらにこれらの溶接、切断、検査装置を保持し、遠隔操作に供する機器について、局所減圧容器を含む電子ビーム溶接機器などの重量機器(
N)保持用とその他の軽量機器(00N)保持用の二種類の遠隔操作機器の検討を行った。その内、現時点では軽量機器保持用遠隔操作機器の製作が行われ、モックアップなどでの溶接試験などに適用し、その有効性が示された。
