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論文

Clades of huge phages from across Earth's ecosystems

Al-Shayeb, B.*; Sachdeva, R.*; Chen, L.-X.*; Ward, F.*; Munk, P.*; Devoto, A.*; Castelle, C. J.*; Olm, M. R.*; Bouma-Gregson, K.*; 天野 由記; et al.

Nature, 578(7795), p.425 - 431, 2020/02

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2007-4
 被引用回数：220 パーセンタイル：99.5(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Phage typically have small genomes and depend on their bacterial hosts for replication. We generated metagenomic datasets from many diverse ecosystems and reconstructed hundreds of huge phage genomes, between 200 kbp and 716 kbp in length. Thirty four genomes were manually curated to completion, including the largest phage genomes yet reported. Expanded genetic repertoires include diverse and new CRISPR-Cas systems, tRNAs, tRNA synthetases, tRNA modification enzymes, initiation and elongation factors and ribosomal proteins. Phage CRISPR have the capacity to silence host transcription factors and translational genes, potentially as part of a larger interaction network that intercepts translation to redirect biosynthesis to phage-encoded functions. Some phage repurpose bacterial systems for phage-defense to eliminate competing phage. We phylogenetically define seven major clades of huge phage from human and other animal microbiomes, oceans, lakes, sediments, soils and the built environment. We conclude that large gene inventories reflect a conserved biological strategy, observed across a broad bacterial host range and resulting in the distribution of huge phage across Earth's ecosystems.

論文

An Evaluation of the thermophysical properties of stoichiometric CeO$$_{2}$$ in comparison to UO$$_{2}$$ and PuO$$_{2}$$

Nelson, A. T.*; Rittman, D. R.*; White, J. T.*; Dunwoody, J. T.*; 加藤 正人; McClellan, K. J.*

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 97(11), p.3652 - 3659, 2014/11

https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13170
 被引用回数：60 パーセンタイル：93.26(Materials Science, Ceramics)

The thermal conductivity of stoichiometric CeO$$_{2}$$ was determined through measurement of thermal expansion from 313 to 1723 K, thermal diffusivity from 298 to 1473 K, and specific heat capacity from 313 to 1373 K. The thermal conductivity was then calculated as the product of the density, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity. The thermal conductivity was found to obey an (A + BT)$$^{-1}$$ relationship with A = 6.7763$$times$$10$$^{-2}$$ mKW $$^{-1}$$ and B = 2.793$$times$$10$$^{-4}$$ mW$$^{-1}$$. Results of thermal expansion and heat capacity measurements agreed well with the limited low-temperature data available in the literature. The thermal conductivity values provided in the current study are significantly higher than the only high-temperature data located for CeO$$_{2}$$. The CeO$$_{2}$$ data are compared to literature values for UO$$_{2}$$ and PuO$$_{2}$$.

論文

Meeting nuclear data needs for advanced reactor systems

原田 秀郎; 柴田 恵一; 西尾 勝久; 井頭 政之*; Plompen, A.*; Hambsch, F.-J.*; Schillebeeckx, P.*; Gunsing, F.*; Ledoux, X.*; Palmiotti, G.*; et al.

NEA/NSC/WPEC/DOC(2014)446, 111 Pages, 2014/02

https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume31/volume31.pdf

This report includes investigations performed by the OECD/NEA/NSC Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC) Subgroup 31, whose mission was to utilise the collective knowledge of the international nuclear data measurement community to consider the appropriate resources to address and meet the data needs quantified by WPEC Subgroup 26 for Advanced Reactor Systems. The members of Subgroup 31 performed reviews of uncertainty evaluations by evaluators, of state-of-art experimental techniques, of current experimental situations, and summarised an appropriate path to meet the requirements.

論文

The Reaction $$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{248}$$Cm $$rightarrow$$ $$^{296}$$116$$^{*}$$ studied at the GSI-SHIP

Hofmann, S.*; Heinz, S.*; Mann, R.*; Maurer, J.*; Khuyagbaatar, J.*; Ackermann, D.*; Antalic, S.*; Barth, B.*; Block, M.*; Burkhard, H. G.*; et al.

European Physical Journal A, 48(5), p.62_1 - 62_23, 2012/05

https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2012-12062-1
 被引用回数：167 パーセンタイル：98.87(Physics, Nuclear)

The synthesis of element 116 in the reactions of $$^{48}$$Ca+$$^{248}$$Cm was studied at the GSI-SHIP. Four decay chains from the isotope $$^{292}$$116 and one decay $$^{293}$$116 were detected at the reaction leading to the excitation energy of 40.9 MeV. The cross sections were 3.4 and 0.9 pb, respectively. The decay character reproduced the reported data at FLNR, Russia. In the $$alpha$$ decay chain, we observed the higher $$alpha$$-particle energy in the decay of $$^{289}$$114, which suggested the population and the decay of a quasiparitcle state.

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