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Oba, Kyoko
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO
, 64(11), P. 646, 2022/11
This report was written the final part of the relay series commemorating the 20th anniversary of the Ethical Code of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan. As chairperson, I expresses my thoughts on the future of ethics.
Oba, Kyoko
Kogaku Kyoiku, 69(5), p.95 - 98, 2021/09
This paper introduces the recent topics of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan Ethics Committee. In addition, referring to the topics, the abilities and sensibilities that engineers should have in the future will be described.
Oba, Kyoko; Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Kitamura, Masaharu*
Kogaku Kyoiku, 69(3), p.3 - 10, 2021/05
The purpose of engineering ethics education is to understand the effects and impacts of technology on society and nature and the responsibilities that engineers have to fulfill for society. There are many cases used in the educational method so that the students can understand the problems surrounding the engineers. However, most of the cases correspond to event scenarios where engineers have failed to maintain safety. Resilience engineering was born from the criticism of safety measures for the purpose of preventing recurrence by seeking human error and organizational culture as the cause of accidents in the field of ergonomics. Its features are that people are considered as beings that realize safety in dangerous systems, and that they focus on good practices. This paper describes the improvement of engineering ethics education by utilizing resilience engineering concept.
Minami, Yusuke*; Oba, Tsukasa*; Hayashi, Shintaro*; Kokubu, Yoko; Kataoka, Kyoko S.*
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 387, p.106661_1 - 106661_17, 2019/12
Times Cited Count：8 Percentile：33.61(Geosciences, Multidisciplinary)The study focuses on volcanic-fan deposits at Chokai Volcano in northeast Japan. The authors conducted sedimentary facies analysis, radiocarbon dating, and historical document analysis to understand the flow characteristics and history of far-reaching lahars. The volcanic fan is composed mainly of a series of lahar deposits formed by at least five large lahar events at: the 2nd - 5th century BC; 2nd to 4th century BC; AD 5th to 7th century; AD 871; and AD 1801 during last 2500 years. These lahar events can be classified into three types: (1) a cohesive debris flow sourced by the debris avalanche deposit; (2) a non-cohesive lahar by a magmatic eruption; and (3) a cohesive debris flow by a phreatic eruption. The lahar, incorporating debris avalanche deposit, flowed as hazardous cohesive debris flow; lahars after magmatic eruptions tends to be streamflow through the flow transformation of sandy debris flow; and a cohesive lahar by a phreatic eruption tends to be of small scale.
Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Oba, Kyoko; Kitamura, Masaharu*
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai Wabun Rombunshi, 18(2), p.55 - 68, 2019/06
This study aims to improve the potential of an emergency response by analyzing the workload management during the accident at the Emergency Response Center (ERC) of TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Specifically, the research focused on the response of the ERC during the time between the discontinuation of Unit 3 core water injection and its recovery. It identified the different types of workload at the ERC had and how they had been managed based on the record of a TV conference. It also deduced the casual factors of the responses, supplementing the interview record of the director of ERC at the time by applying workload management analysis. On the basis of these findings, lessons to enhance the potential of the on-site emergency response have been obtained for ERC and outside organizations.
Oba, Kyoko
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 61(4), p.347 - 348, 2019/04
This article is published in a special feature in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan. The article is the contents that "I look back on this, and surveys the future", by chairwoman of Ethics Committee.
Oba, Kyoko
Gijutsushi, 30(8), p.16 - 19, 2018/08
The Atomic Energy Society of Japan (founded in 1959; AESJ) establishes the Code of Ethics and organized an ethics committee as a permanent committee in 2001. The mission and the purpose of the Ethics Committee activities permeate through the AESJ members for code of ethics. Members' sense of affiliation with AESJ is not as high as IPEJ. This paper introduce the significance, contents and issues of ethics activities at AESJ.
Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Oba, Kyoko; Kitamura, Masaharu*
Ningen Kogaku, 54(3), p.124 - 134, 2018/06
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant caused a severe accident which released a large amount of radioactivity triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The existing investigation reports of the accident prepared by several institutions pay attention only to the process which caused the accident but not much to the accident mitigation or the recovery process. This study focused on Unit 3 of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, including its recovery process from the accident. Based on the public data, the time sequences for the recovery process between the accident occurrence and the state of cold shutdown were classified. Then, the groups of actions were sorted out in terms of ergonomics viewpoint. The important responses in the recovery process were identified and analyzed referring to the m-SHEL model. As a result, new lessons were learned from the accident case regarding the actions required for recovering from the accident.
Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Oba, Kyoko; Kitamura, Masaharu*
Ningen Kogaku, 54(1), p.1 - 13, 2018/02
The two approaches as the concepts to ensure safety of the complicated socio-technical systems have been proposed by Hollnagel. They are the safety concepts called "Safety-I" to reduce risks and "Safety-II" to expand successes. The resilience engineering is suggested as the methodology to achieve Safety-II. The study analyzes the recovery of the water injection of Unit 3 based on the resilience engineering, focusing on the fact that preventing further progress of the accident case in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant which has been evaluated for extracting risk factors. Based on those results, the study has clarified the method of learning to enhance safety which has a different view from existing accident investigation.
Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Oba, Kyoko; Kitamura, Masaharu*
Nihon Kikai Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 83(856), p.17-00263_1 - 17-00263_17, 2017/12
Oba, Kyoko
Denki Hyoron, 102(5), p.17 - 21, 2017/05
no abstracts in English
Oba, Kyoko
Sangyo, Kagaku Kikai To Anzen Bumon Nyusu Reta, (31), P. 3, 2016/04
no abstracts in English
Oba, Kyoko; Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Kitamura, Masaharu*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Kitamura, Masaharu*; Oba, Kyoko; Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Oba, Kyoko; Kitamura, Masaharu*
no journal, ,
The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which was triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake, has presented significant issues about in which the safety of massive socio-technical systems is structured. We must derive the greatest number of lessons possible from this accident to ensure the safety of systems in the future, but the lessons learned so far have mainly focused on risks and been deduced from an analysis of failures that led to the accident. This paper references the approach of Resilience Engineering which aims to extend successes in a changing environment, and focuses on the actions that prevented "further catastrophe" through an analysis of the Fukushima accident and derives new lessons to improve the capability to handle "unforeseen contingencies."
Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Oba, Kyoko; Kitamura, Masaharu*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Oba, Kyoko; Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Kitamura, Masaharu*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Oba, Kyoko; Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Kitamura, Masaharu*
no journal, ,
This paper focuses on the Tokai No.2 Nuclear Power Station, which was hit by earthquakes and subsequent tsunami in the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 but swiftly achieved cold shutdown. The earthquake struck the power station just before the scheduled completion of engineering work to raise the walls of the room housing a seawater intake pump. The fact that the work had been applied helped continuous operation of the seawater intake pump, a key piece of equipment for achieving cold shutdown. The power station followed its pre-defined procedure to bring its reactors to cold shutdown. Focusing on the background of the engineering work, which was not mentioned in past reports, this paper analyzes multiple organizations (main actors) based on the concept of Resilience Engineering to reveal how the collaboration between these organizations enhanced the power station's resilience, and considers the potential of such collaboration in boosting the resilience of our society.
Oba, Kyoko; Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Kitamura, Masaharu*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Yoshizawa, Atsufumi*; Oba, Kyoko; Kitamura, Masaharu*
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
