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Journal Articles

Numerical simulation technologies for safety evaluation in plant lifecycle optimization method, ARKADIA for advanced reactors

Uchibori, Akihiro; Doda, Norihiro; Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Sonehara, Masateru; Sogabe, Joji; Okano, Yasushi; Takata, Takashi*; Tanaka, Masaaki; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Wakai, Takashi; et al.

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 413, p.112492_1 - 112492_10, 2023/11

The ARKAIDA has been developed to realize automatic optimization of plant design from safety evaluation for the advanced reactors represented by a sodium-cooled fast reactor. ARKADIA-Design offers functions to support design optimization both in normal operating conditions and design basis events. The multi-level simulation approach by the coupled analysis such as neutronics, core deformation, core thermal hydraulics was developed as one of the main technologies. On the other hand, ARKAIDA-Safety aims for safety evaluation considering severe accidents. As a key technology, the numerical methods for in- and ex-vessel coupled phenomena during severe accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors were tested through a hypothetical severe accident event. Improvement of the ex-vessel model and development of the AI technology to find best design solution have been started.

Journal Articles

ARKADIA; For the innovation of advanced nuclear reactor design

Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Asayama, Tai; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Tanaka, Masaaki; Uchibori, Akihiro; Takata, Takashi; Seki, Akiyuki; Enuma, Yasuhiro

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, 9(2), p.025001_1 - 025001_12, 2023/04

This paper describes the outline and development plan for ARKADIA to transform advanced nuclear reactor design to meet expectations of a safe, economic, and sustainable carbon-free energy source. ARKADIA will realize Artificial Intelligence (AI)-aided integrated numerical analysis to offer the best possible solutions for the design and operation of a nuclear plant, including optimization of safety equipment. State-of-the-art numerical simulation technologies and a knowledge base that stores data and insights from past nuclear reactor development projects and R&D are integrated with AI. In the first phase of development, ARKADIA-Design and ARKADIA-Safety will be constructed individually, with the first target of sodium-cooled reactor. In a subsequent phase, everything will be integrated into a single entity applicable not only to advanced rectors with a variety of concepts, coolants, configurations, and output levels but also to existing light-water reactors.

Journal Articles

Chapter 5, Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFRs)/ Chapter 12, Generation-IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) concepts in Japan

Kubo, Shigenobu; Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Kamide, Hideki

Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition, p.173 - 194, 2023/03

Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition is a fully revised and updated comprehensive resource on the latest research and advances in generation IV nuclear reactor concepts. Editor Igor Pioro and his team of expert contributors have updated every chapter to reflect advances in the field since the first edition published in 2016. JAEA contributes to Chapter 5; Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs) and Chapter 12; Generation-IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) concepts in Japan. Major characteristics and current technology developments including safety enhancement were described in Chapter 5. Chapter 12 shows design activities of SFR. Innovative technology developments, and update of the Japan sodium-cooled fast reactor design with lessons learned from the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident.

Journal Articles

Development of plant lifecycle optimization method, ARKADIA for advanced reactors

Uchibori, Akihiro; Sogabe, Joji; Okano, Yasushi; Takata, Takashi*; Doda, Norihiro; Tanaka, Masaaki; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Wakai, Takashi; Asayama, Tai; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Proceedings of Technical Meeting on State-of-the-art Thermal Hydraulics of Fast Reactors (Internet), 10 Pages, 2022/09

The ARKAIDA has been developed to realize automatic optimization of plant design from safety evaluation for the advanced reactors represented by a sodium-cooled fast reactor. ARKADIA-Design offers functions to support design optimization both in normal operating conditions and design basis events. The multi-level simulation approach by the coupled analysis such as neutronics, core deformation, core thermal hydraulics was developed as one of the main technologies of the ARKADIA-Design. On the other hand, ARKAIDA-Safety aims for safety evaluation considering severe accidents. As a key technology, the numerical methods for in- and ex-vessel coupled phenomena during severe accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors were tested through a hypothetical severe accident event.

Journal Articles

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors

Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Morishita, Masaki*; Aizawa, Kosuke; Ando, Masanori; Ashida, Takashi; Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Doda, Norihiro; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Ezure, Toshiki; Fukano, Yoshitaka; et al.

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors; JSME Series in Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, Vol.3, 631 Pages, 2022/07

This book is a collection of the past experience of design, construction, and operation of two reactors, the latest knowledge and technology for SFR designs, and the future prospects of SFR development in Japan. It is intended to provide the perspective and the relevant knowledge to enable readers to become more familiar with SFR technology.

Journal Articles

Development of integrated severe accident analysis code, SPECTRA for sodium-cooled fast reactor

Uchibori, Akihiro; Sonehara, Masateru; Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Takata, Takashi*; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Proceedings of International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles; Sustainable Clean Energy for the Future (FR22) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2022/04

A new computational code, SPECTRA, has been developed for integrated analysis of in- and ex-vessel phenomena during severe accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors. The in-vessel thermal hydraulics module includes coupled analytical models for multidimensional multifluid model considering compressibility and relocation of a molten core. A lumped mass model is employed for computing behavior of ex-vessel compressible multicomponent gas including aerosols. This model is coupled with the models for ex-vessel phenomena such as sodium fire. Loss of reactor level event starting from leakage of sodium coolant was computed. Basic capability to evaluate severe accident progress was demonstrated through this analysis.

Journal Articles

Droplet entrainment by high-speed gas jet into a liquid pool

Sugimoto, Taro*; Kaneko, Akiko*; Abe, Yutaka*; Uchibori, Akihiro; Kurihara, Akikazu; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 380, p.111306_1 - 111306_11, 2021/08

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:47.54(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Liquid droplet entrainment by a high-speed gas jet is a key phenomenon for evaluation of sodium-water reaction. In this study, a visualization experiment for liquid droplet entrainment by an air jet in a water pool by using frame-straddling method was carried for development of an entrainment model in a sodium-water reaction analysis code. This experiment successfully provided clear images that captured generation and movement of droplets. Droplet diameter and moving speed were obtained at different locations and gas jet velocities from image processing. The measured data contributes phenomena elucidation and model development.

Journal Articles

Droplet-entrainment phenomena affected by interfacial behavior of a high-speed gas jet into a liquid pool

Saito, Masafumi*; Kaneko, Akiko*; Abe, Yutaka*; Uchibori, Akihiro; Kurihara, Akikazu; Takata, Takashi*; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Proceedings of 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 28) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2021/08

In order to provide the data for validation and improvement of the sodium-water reaction analysis code, a visualization experiment on liquid droplet entrainment in a high-pressure air jet submerged in a water pool was conducted. Diameter and velocity of entrained liquid droplets were successfully measured. The effect of a nozzle shape was elucidated.

Journal Articles

Development of the analytical method using DPD simulation for molten fuel behaviour in a sodium-cooled fast reactor

Sonehara, Masateru; Uchibori, Akihiro; Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Kawada, Kenichi; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Dai-25-Kai Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 3 Pages, 2021/07

In sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs), it has been pointed out that molten fuel may be discharged from the core during a severe accident (SA) accompanied by core damage, and may solidify into debri particles with diameters ranging from several millimeters to several hundred micrometers due to interaction with the sodium coolant and accumulate at the bottom of the reactor vessel. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the behavior of such debri particles appropriately to evaluate the SA event progression. To meet these requirements, a molten fuel behavior analysis code using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), a kind of particle method, has been developed as a part of the SPECTRA code, tool for consistent analysis of in-vessel and ex-vessel events in sodium fast reactor accidents. In this study, it was found that the new analyses code can reproduce sedimentation behavior of particles by adding a new stress term in the shear direction.

Journal Articles

Development of ex-vessel phenomena analysis model for multi-scenario simulation system, spectra

Uchibori, Akihiro; Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Proceedings of 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 2020) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2020/08

The multi-scenario simulation system named SPECTRA has been developed for integrated analysis of in- and ex-vessel phenomena during a severe accident in sodium-cooled fast reactors. The base module computing ex-vessel compressible gas behavior by a lumped mass model and a sodium-concrete interaction module were verified through the basic analyses individually. A validity of the system including the base module and the individual physical module such as the sodium-concrete interaction module was confirmed through the analysis assuming sodium leakage from a reactor vessel and a primary cooling loop.

Journal Articles

Numerical validation of AQUA-SF in SNL T3 sodium spray fire experiment

Sonehara, Masateru; Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Uchibori, Akihiro; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Clark, A. J.*; Louie, D. L. Y.*

Proceedings of 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 2020) (Internet), 4 Pages, 2020/08

In order to investigate the multi-dimensional effects of sodium combustion, a benchmark analysis of the SNL Surtsey spray combustion experiment (SNL T3 experiments) using AQUA-SF and SPHINCS is conducted in JAEA. As a best estimate analysis, the spray burning duration is adjusted in the computation in order to take into account the temporary suppression of the spray combustion observed in the experiment. Furthermore, droplet size of SPHINCS and AQUA-SF are optimized to represent the T3 experimental results. The best estimate of AQUA-SF results in the droplet diameter of 2.5 mm, which agrees quite well with the spatial temperature measurements, and the sodium droplet diameter measurement with a high speed camera.

Journal Articles

A Conceptual design study of pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor with enhanced anti-seismic capability

Kubo, Shigenobu; Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Uchita, Masato*; Miyagawa, Takayuki*; Eto, Masao*; Suzuno, Tetsuji*; Matoba, Ichiyo*; Endo, Junji*; Watanabe, Osamu*; et al.

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 7(3), p.19-00489_1 - 19-00489_16, 2020/06

The authors are developing the design concept of pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) that addresses Japan's specific siting conditions such as earthquakes and meets safety design criteria (SDC) and safety design guidelines (SDGs) for Generation IV SFRs. The development of this concept will broaden not only options for reactor types in Japan but also the range and depth of international cooperation. A design concept of 1,500 MWt (650 MWe) class pool-type SFR was thought up by applying design technology obtained from the design of advanced loop-type SFR, named JSFR, equipped with safety measures that reflect results from the feasibility study on commercialized fast reactor cycle systems and fast reactor cycle technology development, improved maintainability and repairability, and lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants accident.

Journal Articles

Sodium fire models for in- and ex-vessel safety analysis code SPECTRA

Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Uchibori, Akihiro; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 122(1), p.862 - 865, 2020/06

Development of a new simulation system SPECTRA has been started to enable a simulation of comprehensive in- and ex-vessel events during a severe accident in a sodium-cooled fast reactor. The simulation system SPECTRA consists of two basic modules of thermal-hydraulics; in-vessel basic module and ex-vessel one, and some sub-modules for specific phenomena or events. A sodium fire models are implemented as one sub-module of the ex-vessel module. The sodium fire models are adapted from existing sodium fire analysis codes AQUA-SF and SPHINCS. As the result of verification test, the results show good agreement with the one of original codes. The validation analysis for single droplet falling and combustion corresponds well with the experimental data reasonably.

Journal Articles

Development of numerical analysis code LEAP-III for tube failure propagation

Uchibori, Akihiro; Yanagisawa, Hideki*; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Nihon Kikai Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 86(883), p.19-00353_1 - 19-00353_6, 2020/03

Evaluation of occurrence possibility of tube failure propagation under sodium-water reaction accident is an important issue. In this study, a numerical analysis method to predict occurrence of failure propagation by overheating rupture was constructed to expand application range of an existing computer code. Applicability of the method was constructed through the numerical analysis of the experiment on water vapor discharging in liquid sodium.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of important phenomena through the PIRT process for a sodium fire event

Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Uchibori, Akihiro; Kikuchi, Shin; Takata, Takashi; Ohno, Shuji; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Nihon Kikai Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 86(883), p.19-00366_1 - 19-00366_8, 2020/03

Sodium fire is one of key issues in sodium-cooled fast reactor plant. JAEA has developed sodium fire analysis codes, such as AQUA-SF and SPHINCS, to evaluate the consequence of sodium fire events. This paper describes the PIRT (Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table) process for sodium fire events. Ranking table for important phenomena and an assessment matrix are completed. As a part of comprehensive validation based on the assessment matrix, experimental analyses using the AQUA-SF and SPHINCS codes for a sodium spray fire experiment Run-E1 show good agreement with the experimental result.

Journal Articles

Outline of the R&D plan for the fast reactor cycle system development in JAEA

Hayafune, Hiroki; Maeda, Seiichiro; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO$$Sigma$$, 61(11), p.798 - 803, 2019/11

In the "Strategic Roadmap" of Fast Reactor Development decided at the Inter-Ministerial Council for Nuclear Power in December 2018, the development works for the around next 10 years were identified, and the role of JAEA was presented. In response, JAEA has prepared a framework for R&D plans for about 5 years on the fast reactor technology and the fuel cycle technology (reprocessing, fuel manufacturing, fuel and material development). In the future, JAEA will promote independent R&D works based on these plans, and provide the obtained R&D results together with various testing functions of JAEA to the activities of the private sector, etc. Through these actions, JAEA will actively contribute to the future fast reactor development. This article outlines JAEA's policy and the R&D items (development of ARKADIA; Advanced Reactor Knowledge- and AI-Aided Design Integration Approach through the whole Plant Life Cycle, development of standards and standards system, development of safety improvement technology, research in the fuel cycle technology), the policy of international cooperation, the human resource development, and the future perspective were explained.

Journal Articles

Identification of important phenomena through the PIRT process for development of sodium fire analysis codes

Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Uchibori, Akihiro; Kikuchi, Shin; Takata, Takashi; Ohno, Shuji; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 353, p.110240_1 - 110240_10, 2019/11

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:49.54(Nuclear Science & Technology)

JAEA has developed sodium fire analysis codes to evaluate the consequences of sodium fire events. This paper describes a PIRT (Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table) process for such events. Because a sodium fire event involves complex phenomena, the FOMs are specified through a factor analysis. Associated phenomena in a sodium fire event are identified through both element- and sequence-based phenomena analyses. The importance of each phenomenon is evaluated by considering the sequence-based analysis of associated phenomena related to the FOMs. Then, a ranking table is established. An assessment matrix of important phenomena and experiments is completed to confirm the sufficiency of experimental data for the validation of the models in the sodium fire analysis codes. Additional assessments are discussed specifically for the aerosol module and the CFD module in three-dimensional codes from a perspective of careful validation.

Journal Articles

Experiments on gas entrainment phenomena due to free surface vortex induced by flow passing beside stagnation region

Ezure, Toshiki; Ito, Kei; Tanaka, Masaaki; Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Kameyama, Yuri*

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 350, p.90 - 97, 2019/08

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:62.49(Nuclear Science & Technology)

This paper reports the results of an experiment on surface vortex-type gas entrainment, which occurs in a shear flow area where flow passes besides the stagnation region. The relationship between the free surface dimple shape and the velocity distribution around the free surface vortex was simultaneously grasped under several horizontal and suction velocity conditions by a combination of visualization and particle image velocimetry measurements. The circulation and the vertical velocity gradient were also evaluated from the velocity distributions at a plane just below the free surface and the middle plane between the free surface and suction nozzle. Quantitative relationships between the circulation, vertical velocity gradient, and gas core length were obtained in time-trends as fundamental data to develop the evaluation method of gas entrainment. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the evaluation method based on a vortex model was an effective way to evaluate gas entrainment.

Journal Articles

Development of a fast reactor and related thermal hydraulics studies in Japan

Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Kamide, Hideki

Proceedings of 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18) (USB Flash Drive), p.2095 - 2107, 2019/08

Development of a sodium-cooled fast reactor has been implemented in Japan from the viewpoint of severe accident countermeasures. This paper describes the progress of research and development related to safety enhancement and the severe accident countermeasures. A volcanic PRA methodology was developed for the proper consideration of external hazards. Water and sodium experiments were carried out for the decay heat removal in a core disruptive accident (CDA), and also thermal hydraulic interactions between the core and upper plenum where dipped heat exchanger was operated. In order to elucidate the behavior of molten fuel during CDA, basic experiments of core melt fragmentation in deep and shallow sodium pools were carried out. X-ray visualization showed the liquid column of molten steel was intensively fragmented nearly simultaneously with a rapid expansion of sodium vapor.

Journal Articles

Multi-dimensional numerical benchmark analysis of SNL T3 sodium spray combustion experiment with AQUA-SF code

Sonehara, Masateru; Aoyagi, Mitsuhiro; Uchibori, Akihiro; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Clark, A. J.*; Denman, M. R.*

Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2019/05

In order to investigate the effect of sodium combustion, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) have exchanged information of sodium combustion modelling and related experimental data in the framework of Civil Nuclear Energy Research and Development Working Group (CNWG). The benchmark analysis of the SNL T3 sodium spray combustion experiment and sensitivity study have been carried out using the AQUA-SF code in this paper. The sensitivity analysis clarifies the influencing factors of the multi-dimensional analysis such as turbulence models, radiation heat transfer model from sodium droplets, and momentum exchange between gas and droplets. The result shows that the turbulence effect, radiation from droplets and gas temperature increase at spray burning area affect sodium spray burning rate significantly.

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