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Journal Articles

Space weathering acts strongly on the uppermost surface of Ryugu

Matsuoka, Moe*; Kagawa, Eiichi*; Amano, Kana*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Tatsumi, Eri*; Osawa, Takahito; 51 of others*

Communications Earth & Environment (Internet), 4, p.335_1 - 335_12, 2023/09

Visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra of returned samples from Cb-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu exhibit very low reflectance values and absorptions that are generally consistent with observations from the Hayabusa2 ONC-T and NIRS3 instruments. A notable difference is that a metal-OH absorption at 2.72 misrometer is more than twice as deep in laboratory sample spectra compared with those of Ryugu's surface. Based on the laboratory experiments to investigate the range of spectral variation by physical properties and space weathering, we conclude that the spectral differences between returned samples and asteroid surface are best explained by a combination of (1) porosity, (2) particle size, and (3) degree of space weathering effects, with the latter being the most effective. Those effects can explain spectral variations between Cb-type asteroids, suggesting that these asteroids consist of the same CI-chondrite material with different physical properties and weathering degrees. Extremely homogeneous Vis-NIR spectra of the entire Ryugu surface in comparison with the heterogeneous spectra of a near-Earth S-type asteroid (25143) Itokawa indicate that the space weathering has been processing more rapidly on Cb-type asteroids compared with S-type asteroids. Because the major component of Cb-type asteroids are porous hydrous silicates that have lower melting temperature and lower material strength than anhydrous silicates, the surface of Cb-type asteroids are more susceptible to the alteration by impacts of interplanetary dust particles.

Journal Articles

Angular distribution of $$gamma$$ rays from a neutron-induced $$p$$-wave resonance of $$^{132}$$Xe

Okudaira, Takuya*; Tani, Yuika*; Endo, Shunsuke; Doskow, J.*; Fujioka, Hiroyuki*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Kameda, Kento*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Luxnat, M.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 107(5), p.054602_1 - 054602_7, 2023/05

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:70.47(Physics, Nuclear)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Measurement of the transverse asymmetry of $$gamma$$ rays in the $$^{117}$$Sn($$n,gamma$$)$$^{118}$$Sn reaction

Endo, Shunsuke; Okudaira, Takuya*; Abe, Ryota*; Fujioka, Hiroyuki*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Oku, Takayuki; Sakai, Kenji; Shima, Tatsushi*; et al.

Physical Review C, 106(6), p.064601_1 - 064601_7, 2022/12

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:54.36(Physics, Nuclear)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Angular distribution of $$gamma$$ rays from the $$p$$-wave resonance of $$^{118}$$Sn

Koga, Jun*; Takada, Shusuke*; Endo, Shunsuke; Fujioka, Hiroyuki*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Ishizaki, Kohei*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Niinomi, Yudai*; Okudaira, Takuya*; et al.

Physical Review C, 105(5), p.054615_1 - 054615_5, 2022/05

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:68.81(Physics, Nuclear)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

MIRS: an imaging spectrometer for the MMX mission

Barucci, M. A.*; Reess, J.-M.*; Bernardi, P.*; Doressoundiram, A.*; Fornasier, S.*; Le Du, M.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Nakagawa, Hiromu*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Andr$'e$, Y.*; et al.

Earth, Planets and Space (Internet), 73(1), p.211_1 - 211_28, 2021/12

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:81.82(Geosciences, Multidisciplinary)

The MMX InfraRed Spectrometer (MIRS) is an imaging spectrometer on board of MMX JAXA mission. MIRS is built at LESIA-Paris Observatory in collaboration with four other French laboratories, collaboration and financial support of CNES and close collaboration with JAXA and MELCO. The instrument is designed to fully accomplish MMX's scientific and measurement objectives. MIRS will remotely provide near-infrared spectral maps of Phobos and Deimos containing compositional diagnostic spectral features that will be used to analyze the surface composition and to support the sampling site selection. MIRS will also study Mars atmosphere, in particular to spatial and temporal changes such as clouds, dust and water vapor.

Journal Articles

Energy-dependent angular distribution of individual $$gamma$$ rays in the $$^{139}$$La($$n, gamma$$)$$^{140}$$La$$^{ast}$$ reaction

Okudaira, Takuya*; Endo, Shunsuke; Fujioka, Hiroyuki*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Ishizaki, Kohei*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Koga, Jun*; Niinomi, Yudai*; Sakai, Kenji; et al.

Physical Review C, 104(1), p.014601_1 - 014601_6, 2021/07

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:58.42(Physics, Nuclear)

Journal Articles

Thermally altered subsurface material of asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Kitazato, Kohei*; Milliken, R. E.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Matsuura, Shuji*; Takagi, Yasuhiko*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Hiroi, Takahiro*; Matsuoka, Moe*; et al.

Nature Astronomy (Internet), 5(3), p.246 - 250, 2021/03

 Times Cited Count:30 Percentile:96.87(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

Here we report observations of Ryugu's subsurface material by the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Reflectance spectra of excavated material exhibit a hydroxyl (OH) absorption feature that is slightly stronger and peak-shifted compared with that observed for the surface, indicating that space weathering and/or radiative heating have caused subtle spectral changes in the uppermost surface. However, the strength and shape of the OH feature still suggests that the subsurface material experienced heating above 300 $$^{circ}$$C, similar to the surface. In contrast, thermophysical modeling indicates that radiative heating does not increase the temperature above 200 $$^{circ}$$C at the estimated excavation depth of 1 m, even if the semimajor axis is reduced to 0.344 au. This supports the hypothesis that primary thermal alteration occurred due to radiogenic and/or impact heating on Ryugu's parent body.

Journal Articles

Transverse asymmetry of $$gamma$$ rays from neutron-induced compound states of $$^{140}$$La

Yamamoto, Tomoki*; Okudaira, Takuya; Endo, Shunsuke; Fujioka, Hiroyuki*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Ino, Takashi*; Ishizaki, Kohei*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Koga, Jun*; et al.

Physical Review C, 101(6), p.064624_1 - 064624_8, 2020/06

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:74.44(Physics, Nuclear)

Journal Articles

Measurement of the angular distribution of $$gamma$$-rays after neutron capture by $$^{139}$$La for a T-violation search

Okudaira, Takuya; Shimizu, Hirohiko*; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Haddock, C. C.*; Ito, Ikuya*; Yamamoto, Tomoki*; Endo, Shunsuke*; Ishizaki, Kohei*; Sato, Takumi*; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 219, p.09001_1 - 09001_6, 2019/12

Parity violating effects enhanced by up to 10$$^6$$ times have been observed in several neutron induced compound nuclei. There is a theoretical prediction that time reversal (T) violating effects can also be enhanced in these nuclei implying that T-violation can be searched for by making very sensitive measurements. However, the enhancement factor has not yet been measured in all nuclei. The angular distribution of the (n,$$gamma$$) reaction was measured with $$^{139}$$La by using a germanium detector assembly at J-PARC, and the enhancement factor was obtained. From the result, the measurement time to achieve the most sensitive T-violation search was estimated as 1.4 days, and a 40% polarized $$^{139}$$La target and a 70% polarized $$^3$$He spin filter whose thickness is 70 atm$$cdot$$cm are needed. Therefore high quality $$^3$$He spin filter is developed in JAEA. The measurement result of the (n,$$gamma$$) reaction at J-PARC and the development status of the $$^3$$He spin filter will be presented.

Journal Articles

Practical measurement of residual stresses using contour method

Ikushima, Kazuki*; Shibahara, Masakazu*; Kawajiri, Yoshitaka*; Okimi, Yui*; Uchida, Tomoki*; Akita, Koichi*; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Morooka, Satoshi

Nihon Senpaku Kaiyo Kogakkai Rombunshu, (30), p.123 - 130, 2019/12

In this research, the contour method was applied to measure the residual stress distribution of a bead-on-plate specimen. The measured residual stress distribution was compared with those measured by neutron diffraction method and calculated by thermal elastic plastic finite element analysis. As a result, it was found that the residual stress distribution obtained by these three methods are in good agreement. In addition, the equilibrium of reaction force on cut plane was considered in the contour method to measure residual stresses in asymmetric cutting which is assumed in the measurement of real structures. The proposed method was applied to the measurement of the residual stress in the multi-pass welded joint. The measured results indicated that the proposed method can measure the residual stress distribution in multi-pass welded joint in asymmetric test specimen.

JAEA Reports

Background radiation monitoring using manned helicopter for application of technique of nuclear emergency response in the fiscal year 2018 (Contract research)

Futemma, Akira; Sanada, Yukihisa; Komiya, Tomokazu; Iwai, Takeyuki*; Seguchi, Eisaku*; Matsunaga, Yuki*; Kawabata, Tomoki*; Haginoya, Masashi*; Hiraga, Shogo*; Sato, Kazuhiko*; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2019-017, 95 Pages, 2019/11

JAEA-Technology-2019-017.pdf:12.09MB

By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the FDNPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter was conducted around FDNPS. We have carried out the background radiation monitoring around the nuclear power stations of the whole country to apply the airborne radiation monitoring technique that has been cultivated in the aerial monitoring around FDNPS against nuclear emergency response. The results of monitoring around Shimane and Hamaoka Nuclear Power Stations in the fiscal 2018 were summarized in this report. In addition, technical issues were described.

JAEA Reports

Radiation monitoring using manned helicopter around the Nuclear Power Station in the fiscal year 2018 (Contract research)

Futemma, Akira; Sanada, Yukihisa; Ishizaki, Azusa; Komiya, Tomokazu; Iwai, Takeyuki*; Seguchi, Eisaku*; Matsunaga, Yuki*; Kawabata, Tomoki*; Haginoya, Masashi*; Hiraga, Shogo*; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2019-016, 116 Pages, 2019/11

JAEA-Technology-2019-016.pdf:14.09MB

By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the FDNPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter has been conducted around FDNPS. The results in the fiscal 2018 were summarized in this report. Discrimination method of gamma rays from Rn-progenies was also utilized to evaluate their effect on aerial radiation monitoring. In addition, analysis taken topographical effects into consideration was applied to previous results of airborne monitoring to improve the precision of conventional method.

Journal Articles

The Surface composition of asteroid 162173 Ryugu from Hayabusa2 near-infrared spectroscopy

Kitazato, Kohei*; Milliken, R. E.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Matsuura, Shuji*; Arai, Takehiko*; Nakauchi, Yusuke*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Matsuoka, Moe*; et al.

Science, 364(6437), p.272 - 275, 2019/04

 Times Cited Count:233 Percentile:99.74(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

The near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu, the target of Hayabusa2 sample return mission, is believed to be a primitive carbonaceous object. The Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on Hayabusa2 acquired reflectance spectra of Ryugu's surface to provide direct measurements of the surface composition and geological context for the returned samples. A weak, narrow absorption feature centered at 2.72 micron was detected across the entire observed surface, indicating that hydroxyl (OH)-bearing minerals are ubiquitous there. The intensity of the OH feature and low albedo are similar to thermally- and/or shock-metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. There are few variations in the OH-band position, consistent with Ryugu being a compositionally homogeneous rubble-pile object generated from impact fragments of an undifferentiated aqueously altered parent body.

Journal Articles

Angular distribution of $$gamma$$ rays from neutron-induced compound states of $$^{140}$$La

Okudaira, Takuya*; Takada, Shusuke*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Koga, Jun*; Nagamoto, Kosuke*; Nakao, Taro*; Okada, Anju*; Sakai, Kenji; et al.

Physical Review C, 97(3), p.034622_1 - 034622_15, 2018/03

 Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:71.44(Physics, Nuclear)

Journal Articles

Characterization of germanium detectors for the measurement of the angular distribution of prompt $$gamma$$-rays at the ANNRI in the MLF of the J-PARC

Takada, Shusuke*; Okudaira, Takuya*; Goto, Fumiya*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Koga, Jun*; Nakao, Taro*; Sakai, Kenji; Shimizu, Hirohiko*; et al.

Journal of Instrumentation (Internet), 13(2), p.P02018_1 - P02018_21, 2018/02

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:31.36(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Journal Articles

An Evaluation method of reflectance spectra to be obtained by Hayabusa2 Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) based on laboratory measurements of carbonaceous chondrites

Matsuoka, Moe*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Osawa, Takahito; Iwata, Takahiro*; Kitazato, Kohei*; Abe, Masanao*; Nakauchi, Yusuke*; Arai, Takehiko*; Komatsu, Mutsumi*; Hiroi, Takahiro*; et al.

Earth, Planets and Space (Internet), 69(1), p.120_1 - 120_12, 2017/12

AA2017-0327.pdf:1.53MB

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:22.13(Geosciences, Multidisciplinary)

We have conducted ground-based performance evaluation tests of the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) onboard Hayabusa2 spacecraft and established a method for evaluating its measured reflectance spectra. Reflectance spectra of nine powdered carbonaceous chondrite samples were measured by both NIRS3 and a FT-IR spectrometer. Since raw data obtained by NIRS3 had considerable spectral distortion caused by systematic offsets in sensitivity of individual pixels, we have established two methods for correcting the NIRS3 data by comparing them with the corresponding FT-IR data. In order to characterize the absorption bands in NIRS3 spectra, the depth of each band component D$$lambda$$ is defined for each wavelength $$lambda$$ ($$mu$$m). Reflectance spectra of asteroid Ryugu, the target asteroid of Hayabusa2, to be recorded by the NIRS3 are expected to reveal the characteristics of the surface materials by using the evaluation technique.

Journal Articles

NIRS3; The Near Infrared Spectrometer on Hayabusa2

Iwata, Takahiro*; Kitazato, Kohei*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Arai, Takehiko*; Arai, Tomoko*; Hirata, Naru*; Hiroi, Takahiro*; Honda, Chikatoshi*; Imae, Naoya*; et al.

Space Science Reviews, 208(1-4), p.317 - 337, 2017/07

 Times Cited Count:49 Percentile:72.49(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

NIRS3: The Near Infrared Spectrometer is installed on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft to observe the target C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu at near infrared wavelengths of 1.8 to 3.2 micrometer. It aims to obtain reflectance spectra in order to detect absorption bands of hydrated and hydroxide minerals in the 3 micrometer-band. We adopted a linear-image sensor with indium arsenide (InAs) photo diodes and a cooling system with a passive radiator to achieve an optics temperature of 188 K, which enables to retaining sufficient sensitivity and noise level in the 3 micrometer wavelength region. We conducted ground performance tests for the NIRS3 flight model (FM) to confirm its baseline specifications. The results imply that the properties such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conform to scientific requirements to determine the degree of aqueous alteration, such as CM or CI chondrite, and the stage of thermal metamorphism on the asteroid surface.

Journal Articles

Temperature dependence of electric conductivities in femtosecond laser modified areas in silicon carbide

Deki, Manato*; Oka, Tomoki*; Takayoshi, Shodai*; Naoi, Yoshiki*; Makino, Takahiro; Oshima, Takeshi; Tomita, Takuro*

Materials Science Forum, 778-780, p.661 - 664, 2014/02

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:72.87

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Irradiation history of Itokawa regolith material deduced from noble gases in the Hayabusa samples

Nagao, Keisuke*; Okazaki, Ryuji*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Miura, Yayoi*; Osawa, Takahito; Bajo, Kenichi*; Matsuda, Shintaro*; Ebihara, Mitsuru*; Ireland, T.*; Kitajima, Fumio*; et al.

Science, 333(6046), p.1128 - 1131, 2011/08

 Times Cited Count:125 Percentile:95.35(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

A steroid surface materials record regolith processes and a history of cosmic-ray irradiation. Noble gas isotopes in three rocky grains from Itokawa have been determined. High concentrations of solar He, Ne, and Ar, as high as those in lunar soils, are released at variable temperatures from each sample. The isotopic compositions are essentially identical to those of solar wind but distinguishable in He relative abundance. These noble gas characteristics can be explained by repeated implantation and preferential loss of solar He by removal of weathered He-rich rim on the grain surface through friction among regolith grains on Itokawa. Residence time of regolith materials on Itokawa is alculated to be shorter than 10 Myr, suggesting that regolith materials of small asteroids would escape easily to space.

Journal Articles

Design study of the JT-60SA supervisory control system

Kawamata, Yoichi; Naito, Osamu; Kiyono, Kimihiro; Itami, Kiyoshi; Totsuka, Toshiyuki; Akasaka, Hiromi; Sueoka, Michiharu; Sato, Tomoki; Oshima, Takayuki; Sakata, Shinya; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 83(2-3), p.198 - 201, 2008/04

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:23.58(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The design activity of JT-60SA (JT-60 Super Advanced) which is remodeled to a superconducting tokamak device has been starting under the JA-EU collaborative ITER-BA project. For the JT-60SA control system, the existing system should be reused as much as possible from the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness. We have just begun to discuss the configuration of the advanced Supervisory Control System (SVCS) including the following systems: (1) ultimately flexible real-time control system, (2) precise timing system enough to clarify cause and effect, and (3) safety shutdown control system. In this report, we present the design study of the JT-60SA SVCS with focusing on these systems.

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