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Okano, Yasushi; Ammirabile, L.*; Sofu, T.*
2018 GIF Symposium Proceedings (Internet), p.253 - 262, 2020/05
GIF ISAM (Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology) includes five analytical tools (i.e. QSR, PIRT, OPT, DPA, PSA) and it is intended that each tool be used to answer specific safety-related questions with different levels of detail during various design stages and the ISAM as a whole offers flexibility and a graded approach to analyse technical issues of complex system architectures. Although each tool can be selected for individual and exclusive use, the full value of the integrated methodology is derived from using all tools, in an iterative fashion and in combination with the others, throughout the design process. The paper describes what is ISAM and pilot examples of individual use of QSR, PIRT and OPT and also combination application of DPA-PSA.
Okano, Yasushi; Nishino, Hiroyuki; Yamano, Hidemasa; Kurisaka, Kenichi
Proceedings of International Topical Meeting on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Analysis (PSA 2019), p.274 - 281, 2019/04
A sodium-cooled fast reactor uses the ambient air as an ultimate heat sink to remove decay heat, thus meteorological phenomena can potentially pose risks to the reactor. If a rare and intense external hazard occurs concurrently with another external hazard, it would affect the systems (i.e. air cooler of decay heat removal system). In this study, a new scheme of screening of the external hazard combinations was proposed. The authors classified simultaneous or sequential combinational hazards, and identified associated potential effects in terms of hazard duration and sequential order. As a result, this study identified scenarios of the external hazard combinations of preceding rare and intense external hazard with an following additional external hazard.
Okano, Yasushi
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO
, 60(12), p.764 - 769, 2018/12
JAEA has developed the second safety design guidelines report, "Safety Design Guidelines on Structures, Systems and Components" for Generation-IV SFR system, following the previously published SFR Safety Design Criteria and the first SFR Safety Design Guidelines report and with the reviews by a technical committee under Atomic Energy Society of Japan. This article explains about 14 key points on reactor core system, coolant system, and containment system and also current consistency of international SFR designs to the safety design guidelines.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Kurisaka, Kenichi; Nishino, Hiroyuki; Okano, Yasushi; Naruto, Kenichi*
Proceedings of 12th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-12) (USB Flash Drive), 15 Pages, 2018/10
Spent fuels are transferred from a reactor core to a spent fuel pool through an external vessel storage tank (EVST) filled with sodium in sodium-cooled fast reactors in Japan. This paper describes identification of dominant accident sequences leading to fuel failure, which was achieved through probabilistic risk assessment for the EVST designed for a next sodium-cooled fast reactor plant system in Japan to improve the EVST design. The safety strategy for the EVST involves whole core refueling (early transfer of all core fuel assemblies into the EVST) assuming a severe situation that results in sodium level reduction leading finally to the top of the reactor core fuel assemblies in a long time. This study introduces the success criteria mitigation along the decay heat decrease over time. Based on the design information, this study has carried out identification of initiating events, event and fault tree analyses, a probability analysis for human error, and quantification of accident sequences. The fuel damage frequency of the EVST was evaluated to be approx. 10
/year. The dominant accident sequence resulted from the static failure and human error for the switching from the stand-by to operation mode in the three stand-by cooling circuits after loss of one circuit for refueling heat removal operation as an initiating phase.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Naruto, Kenichi*; Kurisaka, Kenichi; Nishino, Hiroyuki; Okano, Yasushi
Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-26) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2018/07
Spent fuels are transferred from a reactor core to a spent fuel pool through an external vessel storage tank (EVST) filled with sodium in sodium-cooled fast reactors in Japan. This paper describes identification of dominant accident sequences leading to fuel failure by conducting probabilistic risk assessment for EVST designed for a next sodium-cooled fast reactor plant system in Japan to improve the EVST design. Based on the design information, this study has carried out identification of initiating events, event and fault tree analyses, human error probability analysis, and quantification of accident sequences. Fuel damage frequency of the EVST was evaluated approx. 10
/year in this paper. By considering the secondary sodium freezing, the fuel damage frequency was twice increased. The dominant accident sequence resulted from the common cause failure of the damper opening and/or the human error for the switching from the stand-by to the operation mode in the three stand-by cooling circuits. The importance analyses have indicated high risk contributions.
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Proceedings of Asian Symposium on Risk Assessment and Management 2017 (ASRAM 2017) (USB Flash Drive), 3 Pages, 2017/11
Forest fire hazard assessment methodologies using a logic tree have been applied for the evaluation of combination hazard curves of a forest fire with lightning as an initiator of a forest fire and with a strong wind being independent from a forest fire. The complex shape of the combinational hazard curve of forest fire and lighting is due to that both lightning and high velocity wind tend to appear under unstable weather conditions, and there is correlation between two hazards. The evaluated combinational hazard curve of forest fire and strong wind for the instantaneous wind velocity over 80 m/s has extremely small frequency in the range below 10
/year.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Naruto, Kenichi*; Kurisaka, Kenichi; Nishino, Hiroyuki; Okano, Yasushi
Proceedings of Asian Symposium on Risk Assessment and Management 2017 (ASRAM 2017) (USB Flash Drive), 3 Pages, 2017/11
Spent fuels are transferred from a reactor core to a spent fuel pool through an external vessel storage tank (EVST) filled with sodium in sodium-cooled fast reactors in Japan (JSFR). The objective of this study is to identify dominant accident sequences leading to fuel failure by conducting PRA for EVST. The EVST heat removal system in JSFR consists of four independent loops with for primary and secondary ones. Based on the JSFR design information, this study has identified initiating events, event and /fault tree analyses, human reliability analysis, and quantification of accident sequences. Fuel damage frequency of the EVST was evaluated approx. 10 /year in this paper. The main contributor of the fuel damage frequency is the loss of heat removal function of the cooling system. The dominant initiating event was the loss of one circuit of normal heat removal operation.
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Proceedings of International Topical Meeting on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Analysis (PSA 2017) (USB Flash Drive), p.1334 - 1342, 2017/09
This study evaluates a hazard curve of smoke effects generated by a forest fire by applying a new method using a logic tree which consists of variable parameters on a forest fire, weather conditions, types of vegetation and topography, and simulation conditions. A response surface of the smoke spatial density was evaluated using two simulation codes: FARSITE for forest fire propagation and ALOFT-FT for smoke transportation. It is followed by a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the hazard curve representing the annual exceedance frequency of the total amount of the smoke captured on air filters. The evaluated hazard curve is about 1
10
per year for 3.5 kg/m
/(m/s).
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 4(3), p.16-00517_1 - 16-00517_10, 2017/06
A sensitivity study on forest fire hazard curves was performed. The probability fluctuation on forest fire breakout time affects the reaction intensity and the fireline intensity around 4% and 14% respectively. The probability fluctuation on forest fire breakout points affects the hazard curve frequency around +70% to -40%. The probability fluctuation due to forest firefighting operation only affects the frequency of the hazard curves, but not the intensity. The hazard curves without the effect of firefighting remarkably increase around 40 to 80 times in frequency in comparison with those with considering the forest firefighting operation effect outside the plant. This study indicated that the most significant factor in the forest fire hazard risk is whether the forest firefighting operation outside the plant is expected before the forest fire arrival at the plant.
Sofu, T.*; Okano, Yasushi
Proceedings of International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles; Next Generation Nuclear Systems for Sustainable Development (FR-17) (USB Flash Drive), 8 Pages, 2017/06
The Generation-IV International Forum (GIF) completed development of Safety Design Criteria (SDC) for the Generation-IV SFR systems in May, 2013. SDC reflects the high-level GIF safety and reliability goals and follows GIF basic safety approach. It aims to establish reference criteria for safety design of structures, systems and components and achieve harmonization of safety approaches among GIF member states. Following its public release, SDC report was distributed to international organizations and national regulatory bodies for review and feedback. Based on comments received during the following two-year period, SDC report underwent a revision reflecting feedback received from IAEA, NRC (USA), IRSN (France), and NNSA (China). This paper provides an overview of SDC development effort, and summarizes its revisions based the comments/suggestions received from the international review.
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Proceedings of 10th Japan-Korea Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS-10) (USB Flash Drive), 9 Pages, 2016/11
This paper deals with an event sequence by forest fire heat effect on a decay heat removal function of a sodium-cooled fast reactor. Related to the potential vulnerability, an event scenario was developed using conservative assumptions. An event tree was developed with an initiating event of the loss of off-site power, and the headings are related to "external diesel fuel tanks", "emergency diesel generator and its auxiliary system", "alternative cooling system and its power source", and "decay heat air cooler". A failure probability on each heading was given from a fragility curve as a function of reaction intensity or by assumptions based on conservative models. A core damage frequency, under the conditional of the loss of off-site power, was conservatively evaluated around 10
/year. A key heading in the event tree with large effect on the frequency is the intactness of the external diesel fuel tanks.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Nishino, Hiroyuki; Kurisaka, Kenichi; Okano, Yasushi; Sakai, Takaaki; Yamamoto, Takahiro*; Ishizuka, Yoshihiro*; Geshi, Nobuo*; Furukawa, Ryuta*; Nanayama, Futoshi*; et al.
Proceedings of 11th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-11) (USB Flash Drive), 12 Pages, 2016/10
This paper describes mainly volcanic margin assessment methodology development in addition to the project overview. The volcanic tephra could potentially clog filters of air-intakes that need the decay heat removal. The filter clogging can be calculated by atmospheric concentration and fallout duration of the volcanic tephra and also suction flow rate of each component. In this paper, the margin was defined as a grace period to a filter failure limit. Consideration is needed only when the grace period is shorter than the fallout duration. The margin by component was calculated using the filter failure limit and the suction flow rate of each component. The margin by sequence was evaluated based on an event tree and the margin by component. An accident management strategy was also suggested to extend the margin; for instance, manual trip of the forced circulation operation, sequential operation of three air coolers, and covering with pre-filter.
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 53(8), p.1224 - 1234, 2016/08
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：36.52(Nuclear Science & Technology)A method to obtain a hazard curve of a forest fire was developed. The method has four steps: a logic tree formulation, a response surface evaluation, a Monte Carlo simulation, and an annual exceedance frequency calculation. The logic tree consists domains of forest fire breakout and spread conditions, weather conditions, vegetation conditions, and forest fire simulation conditions. The new method was applied to evaluate hazard curves of a reaction intensity and a fireline intensity for a typical location around a sodium-cooled fast reactor in Japan.
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 3(3), p.15-00592_1 - 15-00592_11, 2016/06
A new method has been developed to assess potential challenges by forest fire smoke on a cooling function of a decay heat removal system (DHRS) of a sodium-cooled fast reactor. Combinational numerical simulations of a forest fire propagation and a smoke transport were performed by FARSITE and ALOFT-FT to evaluate a cumulative amount of smoke captured on air filters of the DHRS. The evaluated time-dependent changes of spatial particle matter (PM) density were utilized to calculate a cumulative amount of PM captured on the air filters of the DHRS. Sensitivity analysis was performed on prevailing wind speed to which both the fireline intensity and the smoke transport behavior are sensitive. The total amount of PM on the air filters was conservatively estimated around several hundred grams per m which is well below the utilization limit.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Nishino, Hiroyuki; Kurisaka, Kenichi; Okano, Yasushi; Sakai, Takaaki; Yamamoto, Takahiro*; Ishizuka, Yoshihiro*; Geshi, Nobuo*; Furukawa, Ryuta*; Nanayama, Futoshi*; et al.
Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-24) (DVD-ROM), 10 Pages, 2016/06
This paper describes mainly volcanic probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodology development for sodium-cooled fast reactors in addition to the project overview. The volcanic ash could potentially clog air filters of air-intakes that are essential for the decay heat removal. The degree of filter clogging can be calculated by atmospheric concentration of ash and tephra fallout duration and also suction flow rate of each component. The atmospheric concentration can be calculated by deposited tephra layer thickness, tephra fallout duration and fallout speed. This study evaluated a volcanic hazard using a combination of tephra fragment size, layer thickness and duration. In this paper, each component functional failure probability was defined as a failure probability of filter replacement obtained by using a grace period to a filter failure limit. Finally, based on an event tree, a core damage frequency was estimated about 310/year in total by multiplying discrete hazard probabilities by conditional decay heat removal failure probabilities. A dominant sequence was led by the loss of decay heat removal system due to the filter clogging after the loss of emergency power supply. A dominant volcanic hazard was 10 kg/m
of atmospheric concentration, 0.1 mm of tephra diameter, 50-75 cm of deposited tephra layer thickness, and 1-10 hr of tephra fallout duration.
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-24) (DVD-ROM), 10 Pages, 2016/06
This paper presents a sensitivity study of the hazard curves on condition parameters where frequency and probability variables in the logic tree vary within respective fluctuation ranges. With regard to "fluctuation of breakout time of a forest fire", the hazard curves on the reaction intensity and the fireline intensity increased around 4% and 14% respectively on intensity. As for "probability distribution fluctuation of breakout point", the reaction intensity and the fireline intensity vary within around +70% to -40% on frequency. "Firefighting effect on a probability of forest fire arrival at an nuclear power plant" remarkably increase the hazard curves around 40 to 80 times. It only affects the frequency of the hazard curves. This study indicated that the most significant factor in the forest fire hazard curve is whether the firefighting action outside an nuclear power plant is expected before the arrival.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Nishino, Hiroyuki; Okano, Yasushi; Yamamoto, Takahiro*; Takata, Takashi*
Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Nuclear Risks, p.111 - 121, 2016/01
The present study is developing risk assessment methodologies that include probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and margin assessment methodologies against snow, tornado, strong wind, rain, volcanic eruption and forest fire mainly for a sodium-cooled fast reactor. The present paper describes briefly the project overview and then mainly the development of PRA and margin assessment methodologies against strong wind. In the strong wind PRA, the hazard curve was estimated using the Gumbel distributions based on weather data. Next, failure probabilities for components were calculated and event trees were developed. Using them, the strong wind PRA methodology was developed to quantify a core damage frequency. The present study also developed the wind margin assessment methodology that the margin was regarded as wind speed leading to the decay heat removal failure.
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Case Studies in Fire Safety, 4, p.1 - 10, 2015/10
As a part of a development of risk assessment methodology on a forest fire as an external hazard, potential challenges to safety function and structural integrity of a nuclear power plant are investigated. Forest fire propagation simulations are performed by using FARSITE simulator to evaluate intensity and key parameters related to "heat" and "flame" effects. Forest fire propagation simulations were performed "with/without prevailing wind" and "high/low of ambient temperature and relative humidity" The study indicates that fireline intensity and reaction intensity are sensitive to prevailing wind and relative humidity, and not to ambient temperature. The maximum reaching height of a flame on a canopy top is close to the range of power line height and a loss of offsite power is recognized as a possible subsequent event during the forest fire.
Okano, Yasushi; Yamano, Hidemasa
Dai-8-Kai Kozobutsu No Anzensei, Shinraisei Ni Kansuru Kokunai Shimpojiumu (JCOSSAR 2015) Koen Rombunshu (CD-ROM), p.86 - 91, 2015/10
A sodium-cooled fast reactor uses ambient air as an ultimate heat sink under accident conditions. Risk assessment of external hazards such as a forest fire that affect air cooling system is therefore important for safety. This paper describes analyses of forest fire related phenomena and influential factors, and associated potential risks on air cooling system in order to apply to a methodology development of an event progress as a part of a probabilistic risk assessment. A simplified assessment method for fragility of relevant structure and component to maintain decay heat removal function are proposed.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Nishino, Hiroyuki; Kurisaka, Kenichi; Okano, Yasushi; Sakai, Takaaki; Yamamoto, Takahiro*; Ishizuka, Yoshihiro*; Geshi, Nobuo*; Furukawa, Ryuta*; Nanayama, Futoshi*; et al.
Proceedings of 2015 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2015) (CD-ROM), p.454 - 465, 2015/05
This paper describes mainly strong wind PRA methodology development in addition to the project overview. In developing the strong wind PRA methodology, hazard curves were estimated by using Weibull and Gumbel distributions based on weather data recorded in Japan. The obtained hazard curves were divided into five discrete categories for event tree quantification. Next, failure probabilities for decay heat removal related components were calculated as a product of two probabilities: i.e., a probability for the missiles to enter the intake or outtake in the decay heat removal system, and fragility caused by the missile impacts. Finally, based on the event tree, the core damage frequency was estimated about 610
/year by multiplying the discrete hazard probabilities in the Gumbel distribution by the conditional decay heat removal failure probabilities. A dominant sequence was led by the assumption that the operators could not extinguish fuel tank fire caused by the missile impacts and the fire induced loss of the decay heat removal system.
