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Aso, Tomokazu; Tatsumoto, Hideki*; Otsu, Kiichi*; Kawakami, Yoshihiko*; Komori, Shinji*; Muto, Hideki*; Takada, Hiroshi
JAEA-Technology 2019-013, 77 Pages, 2019/09
JAEA-Technology-2019-013.pdf:5.59MB
At Materials and Life Science experimental Facility (MLF) of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), a 1-MW pulsed spallation neutron source is equipped with a cryogenic hydrogen system which circulates liquid hydrogen (20 K and 1.5 MPa) to convert high energy neutrons generated at a mercury target to cold neutrons at three moderators with removing nuclear heat of 3.8 kW deposited there. The cryogenic system includes an accumulator with a bellows structure in order to absorb pressure fluctuations generated by the nuclear heat deposition in the system. Welded inner bellows of the first accumulator was failured during operation, forcing us to improve the accumulator to have sufficient pressure resistance and longer life-time. We have developed elemental technologies for manufacturing welded bellows of the accumulator by a thick plate with high pressure resistance, succeeding to find optimum welding conditions. We fabricated a prototype bellows block and carried out an endurance test by adding a pressure change of 2 MPa repeatedly. As a result, the prototype bellows was successfully in use exceeding the design life of 10,000 times. Since distortions given during welding and assembling affect functionality and lifetime of the bellows, we set the levelness of each element of the bellows as within 0.1
. The improved accumulator has already been in operation for about 25,000 hours as of January 2019, resulting that the number of strokes reached to 16,000. In July 2018, we demonstrated that the accumulator could suppress the pressure fluctuation generated by the 932 kW beam injection as designed. As current operational beam power is 500 kW, the current cryogenic hydrogen system could be applicable for stable operation at higher power in the future.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko
IOP Conference Series; Materials Science and Engineering, 101, p.012108_1 - 012108_8, 2015/12
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.00(Thermodynamics)Supercritical hydrogen with a temperature of less than 20 K and a pressure of 1.5 MPa is used as moderator material at J-PARC. Total nuclear heating of 3.75 kW is generated by three moderators for a 1-MW proton beam operation. We have developed an orifice-type high-power heater for thermal compensation to mitigate hydrogen pressure fluctuation caused by the abrupt huge heat load and to reduce the fluctuation in the temperature of the supply hydrogen to less than 0.25 K. Through a performance test, we confirmed that the developed orifice-type heater could be heated uniformly and showed fast response, as expected. Furthermore, a simulation model that can describe heater behaviors has been established on the basis of the experimental data. The heater control approach was studied using the aforementioned heater simulation model and a dynamic simulation code developed by the authors.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Aoyagi, Katsuhiro; Muto, Hideki
IOP Conference Series; Materials Science and Engineering, 101, p.012107_1 - 012107_8, 2015/12
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：76.38(Thermodynamics)The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) cryogenic hydrogen system was completed in April 2008. The proton beam power was gradually increased to 500 kW. A trial 600-kW proton beam operation was successfully completed in April 2015. We achieved long-lasting operation for more than three months. However, thus far, we encountered several problems such as unstable operation of the helium refrigerator because of some impurities, failure of a welded bellows of an accumulator, and hydrogen pump issues. Furthermore, the Great East Japan Earthquake was experienced during the cryogenic hydrogen system operation in March 2011. In this study, we describe the operation characteristics and our experiences with the J-PARC cryogenic hydrogen system.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Otsu, Kiichi; Aso, Tomokazu; Kawakami, Yoshihiko
IOP Conference Series; Materials Science and Engineering, 101, p.012109_1 - 012109_8, 2015/12
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：76.38(Thermodynamics)The J-PARC cryogenic hydrogen system provides supercritical cryogenic hydrogen to the moderators at a pressure of 1.5 MPa and temperature of 18 K and removes 3.8 kW of nuclear heat from the 1 MW proton beam operation. We prepared a heater for thermal compensation and an accumulator, with a bellows structure for volume control, to mitigate the pressure fluctuation caused by switching the proton beam on and off. In this study, a 1-D simulation code named DiSC-SH2 was developed to understand the propagation of pressure and temperature propagations through the hydrogen loop due to on and off switching of the proton beam. We confirmed that the simulated dynamic behaviors in the hydrogen loop for 300-kW and 500-kW proton beam operations agree well with the experimental data under the same conditions.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko
Physics Procedia, 67, p.123 - 128, 2015/00
Times Cited Count：2A partitionable accumulator with pressure-tolerance has been developed to achieve a stable long-term operation for the J-PARC cryogenic hydrogen system. The accumulator has a bellows structure to spontaneously change the volume according to the pressure fluctuation, which is mainly caused by the proton beam operation. The developed accumulator had been installed in 2014 and uniformly expands and contracts with no hysteresis. It is confirmed through a 300-kW proton beam operation that the pressure rise agrees with the predicted value and becomes lower than that for the previous one. It is confirmed that the performance satisfies the requirements.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Otsu, Kiichi; Aso, Tomokazu; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Teshigawara, Makoto
AIP Conference Proceedings 1573, p.66 - 73, 2014/01
Times Cited Count：6 Percentile：91.05(Thermodynamics)The J-PARC cryogenic hydrogen system provides supercritical hydrogen provides to three moderators. A heater for the thermal compensation and a cryogenic accumulator are prepared to mitigate a pressure fluctuation. A feed temperature should be lower than 20 K and its fluctuation should be within 0.25 K to provide cold pulsed neutron beams of a higher neutronic performance. An ortho-para hydrogen convertor is installed to maintain the para-hydrogen concentration of more than 99.0%. In this study, it is confirmed that para-hydrogen always exists in the equilibrium concentration during the cool-down process. Propagation characteristics of temperature fluctuation caused by sudden heater power variations were studied. An allowable temperature fluctuation caused by the heater control approach is determined to be 1.05 K. It is found that the heater control would be applicable for the 1-MW proton beam operation by extrapolating from the experimental data for on-beam commissioning.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Futakawa, Masatoshi
AIP Conference Proceedings 1434, p.391 - 398, 2012/06
Times Cited Count：1A pressure control system, which consists of a heater for the thermal compensation and a cryogenic accumulator with a bellows acting as a volume controller, is prepared to mitigate a pressure fluctuation caused by the sudden heat load of kW-order. A stable operation of the cryogenic hydrogen system has been conducted since May 2008. However, a major cryogenic accumulator failure was encountered during a short maintenance period, in February 2010. In order to resume the 120-kW proton beam operation as soon as possible, we studied the temporary operational approach without using the cryogenic accumulator because the heat load was relatively low and improved a part of the hydrogen loop temporarily. It was confirmed through an on-beam commissioning that the pressure rise could be mitigated below the allowable value of 100 kPa using only the heater control. The 120-kW proton beam operation was successfully resumed two months later.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Kato, Takashi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
AIP Conference Proceedings 1434, p.368 - 375, 2012/06
Times Cited Count：3A cryogenic hydrogen system provides supercritical hydrogen to three moderators and removes a nuclear heating of 3.75 kW for a 1-MW proton beam power at the J-PARC. It was verified that the pressure fluctuation caused by the sudden heat load for a 120-kW proton beam operation was successfully mitigated by a control system that consisted of a heater and a cryogenic accumulator with a bellows. However, an internal leak was found at the bellows during a maintenance period, in February 2010. The cryogenic accumulator was too big to replace it easily and it took a long period. Therefore, a new compact type cryogenic accumulator has been designed to improve the replacement. And it has been installed six months later after the major failure. It has been confirmed through an on-beam commissioning that the performance satisfies the design requirements.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Kato, Takashi; Otsu, Kiichi; Maekawa, Fujio; Futakawa, Masatoshi
Cryogenics, 51(6), p.315 - 320, 2011/06
Times Cited Count：7The cryogenic hydrogen system provides the supercritical hydrogen with the pressure of 1.5 MPa and the temperature of around 20 K to three hydrogen moderators and removes the total nuclear heating of 3.8 kW for 1-MW proton beam operation. Pressure fluctuation caused by the proton beam injection and trip is mitigated by both an active heater control and a passive accumulator control. In this study, the compact high power heater was designed to compensate the heat load corresponding to the nuclear heating while the proton beam is not injected. The numerical analysis was confirmed that the designed heater satisfied the required performances.
Aso, Tomokazu; Tatsumoto, Hideki; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
Proceedings of 19th Meeting of the International Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources (ICANS-19) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2010/07
In the J-PARC, the cryogenic hydrogen system for the 1MW pulsed spallation neutron source (JSNS) plays a role in supplying supercritical hydrogen at a temperature of 18 K and pressure of 1.5 MPa to three moderators in which spallation neutrons generated in a mercury target are slowed down to cold neutrons. Through the off-beam commissioning until April 2008, we confirmed that the specifications of the cryogenic system were satisfied as expected, and we could succeed in circulating supercritical hydrogen with the maximum flow rate of about 190 g/s. We have succeeded in generating first neutrons in the mercury target and providing moderated neutrons through the hydrogen moderators without any problems in May 2008. We also confirmed characteristics of the cryogenic hydrogen system with accepting the proton beam on the mercury target as on-beam commissioning.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Kato, Takashi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
Proceedings of International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 23 (ICEC-23) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2010 (ICMC 2010), p.1009 - 1014, 2010/07
The cryogenic hydrogen system provides supercritical hydrogen to three hydrogen moderators and removes the nuclear heating of 3.75 kW for a 1-MW proton beam operation at the J-PARC. A pressure control system that used a heater and an accumulator was designed to mitigate a pressure fluctuation caused by the sudden heat load of kW-order. The temperature and pressure behaviors were studied for a 300-kW beam operation. It was confirmed that the pressure control system made it possible to reduce the pressure fluctuation below 13.5 kPa. A simulation model was derived and could describe the experimental results within 15% errors.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Kato, Takashi; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Yoshinaga, Seiichiro*
Proceedings of International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 23 (ICEC-23) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2010 (ICMC 2010), p.377 - 382, 2010/07
A dynamic gas bearing centrifugal pump that circulated supercritical hydrogen with a large flow rate of more than 0.16 kg/s was developed to minimize the hydrogen density change at the moderator. The two pumps were simultaneously operated in parallel for redundancy. The performance test results indicated that the dimensionless characteristics for the single and the parallel operations existed on an identical curve. An outstanding peak adiabatic efficiency exited at the flow coefficient of 0.046, independently of the revolution. It was verified that the developed hydrogen pump satisfied the design requirement.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Kato, Takashi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
Proceedings of International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 23 (ICEC-23) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2010 (ICMC 2010), p.601 - 606, 2010/07
At the J-PARC, the cryogenic hydrogen system provides supercritical hydrogen to three hydrogen moderators and removes the nuclear heating evolved by converting high energy neutrons into cold neutrons. As safety countermeasure, fail-safe devices such as relief valves and rupture disks are installed and a hydrogen explosion-proof structure is adopted. Additionally, the safety interlock system that is divided into 7 categories based on the trouble events is established to protect the equipments and to ensure the safety at the occurrence of a trouble. It is confirmed that the interlock system can be operated without any problems. The recovery procedures are also established.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Kato, Takashi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
AIP Conference Proceedings 1218, p.297 - 304, 2010/04
Times Cited Count：5 Percentile：87.39(Thermodynamics)In JSNS, supercritical hydrogen at around 20 K and 1.5 MPa was selected as a moderator material. Three kinds of hydrogen moderators are installed to provide pulsed neutron beam with higher neutronic performance. A cryogenic hydrogen system, in which a hydrogen circulation system is cooled by a helium refrigerator system with the refrigerator capacity of 6.45 kW at 15.6 K, provides the supercritical hydrogen to the moderators and absorbs nuclear heating in the moderators. Through the off-beam commissioning, we have confirmed that the cryogenic hydrogen system can be cooled down to 18 K within 19 hours. The supercritical hydrogen with the mass flow rate of 190 g/s can be circulated at the rated condition. It is verified that the cryogenic hydrogen system is satisfied with the performance requirements. In May 2008, we have succeeded in providing the first cold neutron beam cooled by the cryogenic hydrogen system.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Kato, Takashi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
AIP Conference Proceedings 1218, p.1154 - 1161, 2010/04
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：53.79(Thermodynamics)Supercritical hydrogen with a pressure of 1.5 MPa and a temperature of 20 K has been selected as a moderator material in an intense spallation neutron source (JSNS), which is one of main experimental facilities in J-PARC. The cryogenic hydrogen system, in which a hydrogen circulation system is cooled by a helium refrigerator with the refrigeration power of 6.45 kW at 15.5 K, has been designed to provide the supercritical hydrogen to the moderator and to remove the nuclear heating generated there. In this study, we have developed a simulation code that predicts temperature behaviors in the hydrogen circulation system during its cool-down process. A cool-down process analyses have been performed, and an operational method for the cool-down process has been studied. The analytical results indicate that the hydrogen circulation system would be able to be cooled down to 18 K within 19 hours.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Kato, Takashi; Hasegawa, Shoichi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
AIP Conference Proceedings 1218, p.289 - 296, 2010/04
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：69.96(Thermodynamics)A cryogenic hydrogen system provides the supercritical hydrogen to the moderators and removes the nuclear heating at the moderators, which is estimated to 3.8 kW for a proton beam power of 1 MW. In order to mitigate pressure fluctuation caused by suddenly turning a proton beam on and off, we should design a pressure control system, which is composed of a heater as an active controller for thermal compensation and an accumulator as a passive volume controller. In December 2007, a 109 kW proton beam was injected to the JSNS. The pressure fluctuation behaviors have been studied for the 109 kW proton beam operation. As soon as the proton beam is injected, the accumulator starts to spontaneously constrict. The heater control can succeed in maintaining a constant heat load applied to the cryogenic hydrogen system. The pressure control system can reduce the pressure fluctuation below 5 kPa. We have confirmed that the pressure control system should be effective.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Otsu, Kiichi; Kato, Takashi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
AIP Conference Proceedings 1218, p.1162 - 1169, 2010/04
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.00(Thermodynamics)In J-PARC, an intense spallation neutron source (JSNS) driven by a proton beam of 1 MW has selected supercritical hydrogen with a temperature of around 20 K and the pressure of 1.5 MPa as a moderator material. A hydrogen circulation system has been designed to provide supercritical hydrogen to the moderators and remove the nuclear heating there. It is important for the cooling design of the hydrogen circulation system to understand the pressure drops through the equipments. In this work, the pressure drop through each component was analyzed by using a CFD code, STAR-CD. The correlation of the pressure drops through the components that can describe the analytical results within 14 % differences has been derived. It is confirmed that the pressure drop in the hydrogen circulation system would be estimated to be 37 kPa for the circulation flow rate of 160 g/s by using the correlations derived here, and is sufficiently lower than the allowable pump head of 100 kPa.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Kato, Takashi; Otsu, Kiichi
Teion Kogaku, 45(4), p.181 - 190, 2010/04
To mitigate pressure fluctuation caused by the load, a pressure control system is a necessary requirement. Accordingly, a control system was designed and installed, using a heater and an accumulator. Changes in pressure caused by operation of a 120-kW and a 302-kW proton beam were studied. It was confirmed that the pressure control system was effective in mitigating the pressure fluctuation caused by the load. A simulation code was also developed and the pressure rise behavior and the accumulator variation were studied. The simulation results indicated good agreement with the experimental data within 10%. The pressure fluctuation for a 1-MW proton beam was predicted to be 33.9 kPa, which is lower than the allowable pressure rise of 0.1 MPa, and produced an accumulator variation of 11.35 mm. We believe that the pressure control system is effective for use with the operation of a 1-MW proton beam.
Tatsumoto, Hideki; Aso, Tomokazu; Kato, Takashi; Otsu, Kiichi; Hasegawa, Shoichi; Maekawa, Fujio; Futakawa, Masatoshi
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 600(1), p.269 - 271, 2009/02
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：11.98(Instruments & Instrumentation)As one of the main experimental facilities in J-PARC, an intense spallation neutron source (JSNS) driven by a 1-MW proton beam selected supercritical hydrogen at the temperature of 20 K and the pressure of 1.5 MPa as a moderator material. A cryogenic hydrogen system plays a role in cooling the moderators. For safety reasons, we have designed a hydrogen relief system that can release hydrogen to the outside safely, even if some off-normal events occur. The design of the hydrogen vent line should be considered to prevent the cryogenic hydrogen from freezing purge nitrogen gas in the vent line and freezing moisture in the stack placed in an outdoor location, and to inhibit the piping temperature drop at the building wall penetration. In this work, the temperature change behaviors in the hydrogen vent line were analyzed by using a CFD code, STAR-CD. We determined the required sizes of the vent line based on the analytical results and its layout in the building.
Aso, Tomokazu; Tatsumoto, Hideki; Hasegawa, Shoichi; Otsu, Kiichi; Uehara, Toshiaki; Kawakami, Yoshihiko; Sakurayama, Hisashi; Maekawa, Fujio; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Ushijima, Isamu*
Proceedings of International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 22 (ICEC-22) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 20 (ICMC 2008), p.741 - 746, 2009/00
no abstracts in English
