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Journal Articles

Assessment of radioactive contamination and effectiveness of remedial measures in urban environments, Report of Working Group 2, Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments (MODARIA) Programme

Boznar, M. Z.*; Charnock, T. W.*; Chouhan, S. L.*; Grsic, Z.*; Halsall, C.*; Heinrich, G.*; Helebrant, J.*; Hettrich, S.*; Ku$v{c}$a, P.*; Mancini, F.*; et al.

IAEA-TECDOC-2001, 226 Pages, 2022/06

The IAEA organized a programme from 2012 to 2015 entitled Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments (MODARIA), which aimed to improve capabilities in the field of environmental radiation dose assessment by acquiring improved data, model testing and comparison of model inputs, assumptions and outputs, reaching a consensus on modelling philosophies, aligning approaches and parameter values, developing improved methods and exchanging information. This publication describes the activities of Working Group 2, Exposures in Contaminated Urban Environments and Effect of Remedial Measures.

Journal Articles

Urban Working Groups in the IAEA's model testing programmes; Overview from the MODARIA I and MODARIA II programmes

Thiessen, K. M.*; Boznar, M. Z.*; Charnock, T. W.*; Chouhan, S. L.*; Federspiel, L.; Gra$v{s}$i$v{c}$, B.*; Grsic, Z.*; Helebrant, J.*; Hettrich, S.*; Hulka, J.*; et al.

Journal of Radiological Protection, 42(2), p.020502_1 - 020502_8, 2022/06

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:80.29(Environmental Sciences)

Journal Articles

Search for elements 119 and 120

Khuyagbaatar, J.*; Yakushev, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Ackermann, D.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; Asai, Masato; Block, M.*; Boll, R. A.*; Brand, H.*; Cox, D. M.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 102(6), p.064602_1 - 064602_9, 2020/12

 Times Cited Count:30 Percentile:97.96(Physics, Nuclear)

A search for production of the superheavy elements with atomic numbers 119 and 120 was performed in the $$^{50}$$Ti+$$^{249}$$Bk and $$^{50}$$Ti+$$^{249}$$Cf fusion-evaporation reactions, respectively, at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. Over four months of irradiation, neither was detected at cross-section sensitivity levels of 65 and 200 fb, respectively. The non-observation of elements 119 and 120 is discussed within the concept of fusion-evaporation reactions including various theoretical predictions on the fission-barrier heights of superheavy nuclei in the region of the island of stability.

Journal Articles

Fusion reaction $$^{48}$$Ca+$$^{249}$$Bk leading to formation of the element Ts (Z=117)

Khuyagbaatar, J.*; Yakushev, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Ackermann, D.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; Asai, Masato; Block, M.*; Boll, R. A.*; Brand, H.*; Cox, D. M.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 99(5), p.054306_1 - 054306_16, 2019/05

AA2019-0039.pdf:5.03MB

 Times Cited Count:21 Percentile:90.63(Physics, Nuclear)

We have performed an experiment to synthesize the element 117 (Ts) with the $$^{48}$$Ca+$$^{249}$$Bk fusion reaction. Four $$alpha$$-decay chains attributed to the element 117 were observed. Two of them were long decay chains which can be assigned to the one originating from the $$alpha$$ decay of $$^{294}$$Ts. The other two were short decay chains which are consistent with the one originating from the $$alpha$$ decay of $$^{293}$$Ts. We have compared the present results with the literature data, and found that our present results mostly confirmed the literature data, leading to the firm confirmation of the synthesis of the element 117.

Journal Articles

EXILL; A High-efficiency, high-resolution setup for $$gamma$$-spectroscopy at an intense cold neutron beam facility

Jentschel, M.*; Blanc, A.*; de France, G.*; K$"o$ster, U.*; Leoni, S.*; Mutti, P.*; Simpson, G.*; Soldner, T.*; Ur, C.*; Urban, W.*; et al.

Journal of Instrumentation (Internet), 12(11), p.P11003_1 - P11003_33, 2017/11

 Times Cited Count:34 Percentile:84.59(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Journal Articles

Modelling of marine radionuclide dispersion in IAEA MODARIA program; Lessons learnt from the Baltic Sea and Fukushima scenarios

Peri$'a$$~n$ez, R.*; Bezhenar, R.*; Brovchenko, I.*; Duffa, C.*; Iosjpe, M.*; Jung, K. T.*; Kobayashi, Takuya; Lamego, F.*; Maderich, V.*; Min, B. I.*; et al.

Science of the Total Environment, 569-570, p.594 - 602, 2016/11

 Times Cited Count:25 Percentile:64.27(Environmental Sciences)

State-of-the art dispersion models were applied to simulate $$^{137}$$Cs dispersion from Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster fallout in the Baltic Sea and from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant releases in the Pacific Ocean after the 2011 tsunami. Models were of different nature, from box to full three-dimensional models, and included water/sediment interactions. Agreement between models was very good in the Baltic. In the case of Fukushima, results from models could be considered to be in acceptable agreement only after a model harmonization process consisting of using exactly the same forcing (water circulation and parameters) in all models. It was found that the dynamics of the considered system (magnitude and variability of currents) was essential in obtaining a good agreement between models. The difficulties in developing operative models for decision-making support in these dynamic environments were highlighted.

Journal Articles

Recoil-$$alpha$$-fission and recoil-$$alpha$$-$$alpha$$-fission events observed in the reaction $$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{243}$$Am

Forsberg, U.*; Rudolph, D.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; Di Nitto, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Fahlander, C.*; Gates, J. M.*; Golubev, P.*; Gregorich, K. E.*; Gross, C. J.*; et al.

Nuclear Physics A, 953, p.117 - 138, 2016/09

 Times Cited Count:45 Percentile:94.66(Physics, Nuclear)

Alpha-decay chains observed in the element-115 production reactions of $$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{243}$$Am were investigated using a new data set consisting of our recently reported data obtained at GSI and previously reported ones at Dubna and LBNL. Short decay chains of recoil-$$alpha$$-($$alpha$$)-fission type, fourteen of which were observed, and some of which were interpreted as the 2-neutron evaporation products $$^{289}$$Mc, have been reassigned. It is plausible that most of them were assigned to the 3-neutron evaporation products $$^{288}$$Mc whose decay chain would on the way have branches of EC decays followed by fission.

Journal Articles

Determination of tungsten and molybdenum concentrations from an X-ray range spectrum in JET with the ITER-like wall configuration

Nakano, Tomohide; Shumack, A.*; Maggi, C. F.*; Reinke, M.*; Lawson, K.*; Coffey, I.*; P$"u$tterich, T.*; Brezinsek, S.*; Lipschultz, B.*; Matthews, G. F.*; et al.

Journal of Physics B; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 48(14), p.144023_1 - 144023_11, 2015/07

 Times Cited Count:28 Percentile:82.45(Optics)

The $$mbox{W}^{45+}$$ and $$mbox{W}^{46+}$$ 3p-4d inner shell excitation lines in addition to $$mbox{Mo}^{32+}$$ 2p-3s lines have been identified from the spectrum taken by an upgraded high-resolution X-ray spectrometer. It is found from analysis of the absolute intensities of the $$mbox{W}^{46+}$$ and $$mbox{Mo}^{32+}$$ lines that W and Mo concentrations are in the range of $$sim10^{-5}$$ and $$sim10^{-6}$$, respectively, with a ratio of $$sim$$ 5% for ELMy H-mode plasmas with a plasma current of 2.0- 2.5 MA, a toroidal magnetic field of 2.7 T and a neutral beam injection power of 14-18 MW. For the purpose of checking self-consistency, it is confirmed that the W concentration determined from the $$mbox{W}^{45+}$$ line is in agreement with that from the $$mbox{W}^{46+}$$ line within 20% and that the plasma effective charge determined from the continuum of the first order reflection spectrum is also in agreement with that from the second order within 50%. Further, the determined plasma effective charge is in agreement with that determined from a visible spectroscopy, confirming that the sensitivity of the X-ray spectrometer is valid and that probably the W and the Mo concentrations are also valid.

Journal Articles

Demonstrating the integral resonance transmission method; Conceptual and experimental studies

Angell, C.; Hayakawa, Takehito; Shizuma, Toshiyuki; Hajima, Ryoichi; Quiter, B. J.*; Ludewigt, B. L.*; Karwowski, H. J.*; Rich, G.*; Silano, J.*

Proceedings of INMM 56th Annual Meeting (Internet), 9 Pages, 2015/07

Journal Articles

Progress at JET in integrating ITER-relevant core and edge plasmas within the constraints of an ITER-like wall

Giroud, C.*; Jachmich, S.*; Jacquet, P.*; J$"a$rvinen, A.*; Lerche, E.*; Rimini, F.*; Aho-Mantila, L.*; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Balboa, I.*; Belo, P.*; et al.

Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 57(3), p.035004_1 - 035004_20, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:61 Percentile:96.04(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

This paper reports the progress made at JET-ILW on integrating the requirements of the reference ITER baseline scenario with normalized confinement factor of 1, at a normalized pressure of 1.8 together with partially detached divertor whilst maintaining these conditions over many energy confinement times. The 2.5 MA high triangularity ELMy H-modes are studied with two different divertor configurations with D-gas injection and nitrogen seeding. The power load reduction with N seeding is reported. The relationship between an increase in energy confinement and pedestal pressure with triangularity is investigated. The operational space of both plasma configurations is studied together with the ELM energy losses and stability of the pedestal of unseeded and seeded plasmas.

Journal Articles

Selected spectroscopic results on element 115 decay chains

Rudolph, D.*; Forsberg, U.*; Golubev, P.*; Sarmiento, L. G.*; Yakushev, A.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; Di Nitto, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Gates, J. M.*; Gregorich, K. E.*; et al.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 303(2), p.1185 - 1190, 2015/02

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:51.55(Chemistry, Analytical)

Thirty correlated $$alpha$$-decay chains of element 115 were observed, which were consistent with previous observations interpreted as the decay chain of $$^{288}$$115. GEANT4 Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to reproduce high-resolution $$alpha$$-photon coincidence results, which allows one to propose Q$$_{alpha}$$ values and excitation schemes of the superheavy nuclei with unprecedented precision.

Journal Articles

Improving the assay of $$^{239}$$Pu in spent and melted fuel using the nuclear resonance fluorescence integral resonance transmission method

Angell, C.; Hayakawa, Takehito; Shizuma, Toshiyuki; Hajima, Ryoichi; Quiter, B. J.*; Ludewigt, B. L.*; Karwowski, H.*; Rich, G.*

Nuclear Physics and $$gamma$$-ray sources for Nuclear Security and Nonproliferation, p.133 - 141, 2014/12

Journal Articles

Determination of tungsten and molybdenum concentrations from an X-ray range spectrum in JET

Nakano, Tomohide; Shumack, A. E.*; Maggi, C.*; Reinke, M.*; Lawson, K. D.*; P$"u$tterich, T.*; Brezinsek, S.*; Lipschultz, B.*; Matthews, G.*; Chernyshova, M.*; et al.

Europhysics Conference Abstracts (Internet), 38F, p.P1.019_1 - P1.019_4, 2014/06

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

$$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{249}$$Bk fusion reaction leading to element Z = 117; Long-lived $$alpha$$-decaying $$^{270}$$Db and discovery of $$^{266}$$Lr

Khuyagbaatar, J.*; Yakushev, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Ackermann, D.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; Asai, Masato; Block, M.*; Boll, R. A.*; Brand, H.*; Cox, D. M.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 112(17), p.172501_1 - 172501_5, 2014/05

 Times Cited Count:201 Percentile:98.44(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

The superheavy element with atomic number 117 was produced in the $$^{48}$$Ca + $$^{249}$$Bk fusion reaction using the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI in Germany. This result verified the previous result of the discovery of new element 117 reported by Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Russia, which makes certain the synthesis and discovery of element 117 in human history. On the other hand, the last nucleus in the $$alpha$$ decay chain from the element 117 was assigned to be the unknown nucleus $$^{266}$$Lr instead of the previously reported $$^{270}$$Db, and $$^{270}$$Db was found to be the $$alpha$$-decaying nucleus with very long half-life.

Journal Articles

Spectroscopic tools applied to element Z = 115 decay chains

Forsberg, U.*; Rudolph, D.*; Golubev, P.*; Sarmiento, L. G.*; Yakushev, A.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; Di Nitto, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Gates, J. M.*; Gregorich, K. E.*; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 66, p.02036_1 - 02036_4, 2014/03

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:88.88

A focal-plane Si detector setup applied to the spectroscopy of the element 115 $$alpha$$-decay chains was reported. Results of the digital signal analysis for preamplifier signals and of the event-by-event $$alpha$$-energy loss correction analysis were presented. The detectors consist of five double-sided Si strip detectors (DSSSD) arranged as a box, and signals from one side of the detector at the bottom of the box were digitally processed. Energy losses of $$alpha$$ particles detected by two Si detectors at the bottom and a side differs event-by-event, because each $$alpha$$ particle passed through two dead layers with a certain tilted angle. By correcting for the energy loss of each $$alpha$$ event using the angle of the $$alpha$$-particle emission extracted from the detected positions, we succeeded in improving the $$alpha$$ energy resolution significantly.

Journal Articles

Alpha-photon coincidence spectroscopy along element 115 decay chains

Rudolph, D.*; Forsberg, U.*; Golubev, P.*; Sarmiento, L. G.*; Yakushev, A.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; Di Nitto, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Gates, J. M.*; Gregorich, K. E.*; et al.

Acta Physica Polonica B, 45(2), p.263 - 272, 2014/02

 Times Cited Count:22 Percentile:75.45(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Produced in the reaction of $$^{48}$$Ca beam with an $$^{243}$$Am target, thirty correlated $$alpha$$-decay chains were observed. Observed decay chains are consistent with a previously reported decay chain, which confirms the identification of the element 115. In addition, an $$alpha$$-photon coincidence measurement was performed, and $$gamma$$ rays as well as X-ray candidates were observed in this decay chain. The $$gamma$$-ray observation in the heaviest region of superheavy nuclei brings a big progress in the superheavy nuclear structure studies.

Journal Articles

Superheavy element flerovium (element 114) is a volatile metal

Yakushev, A.*; Gates, J. M.*; T$"u$rler, A.*; Sch$"a$del, M.; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Ackermann, D.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; Block, M.*; Br$"u$chle, W.*; Dvorak, J.*; et al.

Inorganic Chemistry, 53(3), p.1624 - 1629, 2014/02

 Times Cited Count:98 Percentile:98.85(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)

We report on a gas-solid chromatography study of the adsorption of element 114 (flerovium, Fl) on a Au surface. Fl was produced in the nuclear fusion reaction $$^{244}$$Pu($$^{48}$$Ca, 3-4n)$$^{288,289}$$Fl and was isolated in-flight from the primary $$^{48}$$ beam in a physical recoil separator. The adsorption behavior of Fl, its nuclear $$alpha$$-decay product Cn, their lighter homologues in groups 14 and 12, i.e., Pb and Hg, and the noble gas Rn were studied simultaneously by isothermal gas chromatography and thermochromatography. Two Fl atoms were detected. They adsorbed on a Au surface at room temperature, but not as readily as Pb and Hg. The observed adsorption behavior of Fl points to a higher inertness compared to its nearest homologue in the group, Pb. However, the measured lower limit for the adsorption enthalpy of Fl on a Au surface points to the formation of a metal-metal bond of Fl with Au. Fl is the least reactive element in the group, but still a metal.

Journal Articles

Spectroscopy of element 115 decay chains

Rudolph, D.*; Forsberg, U.*; Golubev, P.*; Sarmiento, L. G.*; Yakushev, A.*; Andersson, L. L.*; Di Nitto, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Gates, J. M.*; Gregorich, K. E.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 111(11), p.112502_1 - 112502_5, 2013/09

 Times Cited Count:123 Percentile:96.32(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Demonstration of the nuclear resonance fluorescence integral resonance transmission method for NDA of debris of melted nuclear fuel

Angell, C.; Hayakawa, Takehito; Shizuma, Toshiyuki; Hajima, Ryoichi; Quiter, B. J.*; Ludewigt, B. L.*; Karwowski, H.*; Rich, G.*

Proceedings of INMM 54th Annual Meeting (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2013/07

Journal Articles

Strain and magnetic-field characterization of a bronze-route Nb$$_3$$Sn ITER wire; Benchmarking of strain measurement facilities at NIST and University of Twente

Cheggour, N.*; Nijhuis, A.*; Krooshoop, H. J. G.*; Lu, X. F.*; Splett, J.*; Stauffer, T. C.*; Goodrich, L. F.*; Jewell, M. C.*; Devred, A.*; Nabara, Yoshihiro

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 22(3), p.4805104_1 - 4805104_4, 2012/06

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:50.28(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)

A benchmarking experiment was conducted to compare strain measurement facilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Twente. The critical current of a bronze-route Nb$$_3$$Sn ITER wire was measured as a function of axial strain and magnetic field in liquid helium temperature at both institutes. NIST used a Walters' spring strain device and University of Twente used a Pacman apparatus. The ITER bronze-route wire investigated had a very high irreversible strain limit and allowed the comparison of data over a wide range of applied strain from $$-1%$$ to $$+1%$$. A full account of the data analysis and comparisons will be presented. Measurement protocols and parameterization procedures will also be discussed.

26 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)