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Journal Articles

Small gas bubble experiment for mitigation of cavitation damage and pressure waves in short-pulse mercury spallation targets

Riemer, B. W.*; Wendel, M. W.*; Felde, D. K.*; Sangrey, R. L.*; Abdou, A.*; West, D. L.*; Shea, T. J.*; Hasegawa, Shoichi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Naoe, Takashi; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 450(1-3), p.192 - 203, 2014/07

 Times Cited Count:14 Percentile:72.72(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Populations of small helium gas bubbles were introduced into a flowing mercury experiment test loop to evaluate mitigation of beam-pulse induced cavitation damage and pressure waves. The test loop was developed and thoroughly tested at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) prior to irradiations at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center - Weapons Neutron Research Center (LANSCE-WNR) facility. Twelve candidate bubblers were evaluated over a range of mercury flow and gas injection rates by use of a novel optical measurement technique that accurately assessed the generated bubble size distributions. Final selection for irradiation testing included two variations of a swirl bubbler provided by Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) collaborators and one orifice bubbler developed at SNS. Bubble populations of interest consisted of sizes up to 150 $$mu$$m in radius with achieved gas void fractions in the 10$$^{-5}$$ to 10$$^{-4}$$ range. The nominal WNR beam pulse used for the experiment created energy deposition in the mercury comparable to SNS pulses operating at 2.5 MW. Nineteen test conditions were completed each with 100 pulses, including variations on mercury flow, gas injection and protons per pulse. The principal measure of cavitation damage mitigation was surface damage assessment on test specimens that were manually replaced for each test condition. Damage assessment was done after radiation decay and decontamination by optical and laser profiling microscopy with damaged area fraction and maximum pit depth being the more valued results. Damage was reduced by flow alone; the best mitigation from bubble injection was between half and a quarter that of flow alone. Other data collected included surface motion tracking by three laser Doppler vibrometers (LDV), loop wall dynamic strain, beam diagnostics for charge and beam profile assessment, embedded hydrophones and pressure sensors, and sound measurement by a suite of conventional and contact microphones.

Journal Articles

Distribution of microbubble sizes and behavior of large bubbles in mercury flow in a mockup target model of J-PARC

Haga, Katsuhiro; Naoe, Takashi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Kinoshita, Hidetaka; Ida, Masato; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Riemer, B.*; Wendel, M.*; Felde, D.*; Abdou, A.*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 47(10), p.849 - 852, 2010/10

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:30.68(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Microbubble injection into mercury is one of the prospective technologies to mitigate the pressure wave which causes the cavitation damage on the mercury target vessel wall of J-PARC. As one of the studies for the mercury target design with bubbling system, we carried out the mercury loop tests using a mockup model of the target vessel. Injected microbubbles in contact with the transparent top wall were observed to know the bubble size and distribution. As a result, bubbles in the range of radius from 10 to 150 microns, which are the ideal size for our purpose to suppress the pressure wave were transported to the beam window, where the bubbles should be distributed. It was found that the bubbles larger than 150 micron in radius were removed from the distribution by bubble buoyancy, and only the smaller bubbles could be transported downstream. The attention to the effect of bubbles on the cooling performance of the target vessel was raised by the experiment.

Journal Articles

Cavitation damage prediction for spallation target vessels by assessment of acoustic vibration

Futakawa, Masatoshi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Hasegawa, Shoichi; Ikeda, Yujiro; Riemer, B.*; Wendel, M.*; Haines, J.*; Bauer, G.*; Naoe, Takashi; Okita, Kohei*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 377(1), p.182 - 188, 2008/06

 Times Cited Count:28 Percentile:85.19(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Numerical study on pressure wave propagation in a mercury loop

Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Hasegawa, Shoichi; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Riemer, B.*; Wendel, M.*; Haines, J.*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 377(1), p.195 - 200, 2008/06

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:23.58(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

In beam test was carried out at the LANSCE-WNR to investigate pressure wave mitigation in mercury targets for the MW-class spallation neutron sources under international collaboration between SNS and JSNS. A mercury loop with micro bubble generator was used for the target. The loop target consists of the rectangular pipe which was made of stainless steel. The total length of the loop is about 2 m. Strain sensors were set on many points of loop to measure the strain on the pipe wall caused by the pressure wave. The maximum strain at 350 mm apart from the proton bombarded point appeared after 5.5 ms after the proton bombardment. The wave propagation velocity was slower than the stress wave and the pressure wave propagation velocities and became 65 m/s in the IBBTL. Numerical analysis result shows that the maximum strain at 350 mm apart from the proton bombarded point appeared at 5.5 ms after proton bombardment as well as the experimental due to interaction between liquid and solid.

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