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Journal Articles

Quantitation of long-lived radionuclide by ICP-MS

Asai, Shiho*; Horita, Takuma

Bunseki Kagaku, 73(10-11), p.569 - 578, 2024/10

https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.73.569

The accurate estimation of the quantities and composition of long-lived radionuclides in radioactive waste is crucial for assessing the long-term safety of its disposal. Traditionally, theoretical predictions of the quantities of long-lived radionuclides obtained from burn-up calculation codes with evaluated nuclear data have been used especially for the safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste. However, such nuclear data used in theoretical predictions have not been sufficiently validated due to the scarcity of the reported measurement data. In this study, we aim to contribute to the improvement of the reliability of theoretical predictions by confirming them with the measured quantities of long-lived radionuclides per unit mass of uranium in spent nuclear fuel, which are output data obtained from the burnup calculation code. This involves measuring the long-lived radionuclides present in nuclear fuel pellets used in commercial nuclear reactors. Specifically, we focused on $$^{93}$$Zr, $$^{107}$$Pd, and $$^{135}$$Cs, which can be effectively measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Besides the purpose of validating the nuclear data, this article also highlights viable measurement techniques for these radionuclides, along with examples demonstrating their applicability to long-lived radionuclides, including the preparation procedures for their measurement.

Journal Articles

Improvement of adsorption performances of Sr adsorption fiber and investigation for realizing simple $$^{90}$$Sr analysis

Horita, Takuma; Asai, Shiho*; Konda, Miki; Matsueda, Makoto; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

Bunseki Kagaku, 69(10/11), p.619 - 626, 2020/10

https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.69.619
 Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.00(Chemistry, Analytical)

We have developed a Sr adsorption fiber for rapid analysis of $$^{90}$$Sr. The prepared Sr adsorption fiber has a Sr-extraction layer that densely retains a Sr-selective extractant, an 18-crown-6 ether derivative, on the fiber surface. Hydrophobic group-containing polymer chains embedded onto the surface of the fiber allow to form a hydrophobic phase, incorporating Sr-selective extractants. This unique surface structure provides high adsorption capacity, leading to rapid and highly efficient adsorption of Sr$$^{2+}$$. The adsorption capacity of the Sr adsorption fiber was 3 times higher than commercially available 18-crown-6 ether derivative-impregnated resin (Sr Resin). The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the Sr adsorption fiber was comparable to the Sr Resin. The retained $$^{90}$$Sr was finally determined by a GM counter. The total analysis time including the Sr adsorption and measurement was about 1 hour.

Journal Articles

Direct quantitation of $$^{135}$$Cs in spent Cs adsorbent used for the decontamination of radiocesium-containing water by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Asai, Shiho*; Ohata, Masaki*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Horita, Takuma; Yomogida, Takumi; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

Analytical Chemistry, 92(4), p.3276 - 3284, 2020/02

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05161
 Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：29.22(Chemistry, Analytical)

The long-term safety assessment of spent Cs adsorbents produced during the decontamination of radiocesium-containing water at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant requires one to estimate their $$^{135}$$Cs content prior to final disposal. $$^{135}$$Cs is usually quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which necessitates the elution of Cs from Cs adsorbents. However, this approach suffers from the high radiation dose from $$^{137}$$Cs. To address this challenge, we herein employed laser ablation ICP-MS for direct quantitation of $$^{135}$$Cs in Cs adsorbents and used a model Cs adsorbent prepared by immersion of a commercially available Cs adsorbent into radiocesium-containing liquid waste to verify the developed technique. The use of the $$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs ratio and $$^{137}$$Cs radioactivity obtained by gamma spectrometry achieved simple and precise quantitation of $$^{135}$$Cs and the resulting $$^{135}$$Cs activity of 0.36 Bq agreed well with that in the original radiocesium-containing liquid waste.

Journal Articles

Determination of $$^{107}$$Pd in Pd purified by selective precipitation from spent nuclear fuel by laser ablation ICP-MS

Asai, Shiho; Ohata, Masaki*; Yomogida, Takumi; Saeki, Morihisa*; Oba, Hironori*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Horita, Takuma; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 411(5), p.973 - 983, 2019/02

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1527-3
 Times Cited Count：14 Percentile：60.26(Biochemical Research Methods)

Determination of radiopalladium $$^{107}$$Pd is required for ensuring the radiation safety of Pd extracted from spent nuclear fuel for recycling or disposal. We employed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to simplify an analytical procedure of $$^{107}$$Pd. Pd was separated through selective Pd precipitation reaction from spent nuclear fuel. Laser ablation allows direct measurement of the Pd precipitates, skipping the dissolution and dilution procedure. In this study, $$^{102}$$Pd in natural Pd standard solution was used as an internal standard, taking advantage of its absence in spent nuclear fuel. The Pd precipitate was uniformly embedded on the surface of the centrifugal filter, forming a microscopically thin flat surface of Pd. The resulting homogeneous Pd layer is suitable for obtaining a stable signal ratio of $$^{107}$$Pd/$$^{102}$$Pd. The amount of $$^{107}$$Pd obtained by LA-ICP-MS corresponds to the values obtained by conventional solution nebulization measurement.

Journal Articles

Non-contact and selective Pd separation based on laser-induced photoreduction for determination of $$^{107}$$Pd by ICP-MS; The Relation between separation conditions and Pd recovery

Yomogida, Takumi; Asai, Shiho; Saeki, Morihisa*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Horita, Takuma; Esaka, Fumitaka; Oba, Hironori*; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

Bunseki Kagaku, 66(9), p.647 - 652, 2017/09

https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.66.647
 Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：9.33(Chemistry, Analytical)

Palladium-107 is a long-lived fission product, which can be found in high-level radioactive liquid wastes (HLLW). Determination of the $$^{107}$$Pd contents in HLLW is essential to evaluate the long-term safety of HLLW repositories. However, the $$^{107}$$Pd content in HLLW has not been reported because of difficulties in pretreatment for the measurement. In this study, we investigated applicability of laser-induced photoreduction to HLLW solution: it enables a simple and non-contact separation of Pd. The results showed the recovery of 60% was achieved at the conditions: 40% ethanol, 20 min irradiation, 100 mJ of pulse energy. Additionally, major radionuclides and potentially interfering components in ICP-MS were removed from the simulated HLLW over a wide concentration range of Pd from 0.24 to 24 mg L$$^{-1}$$, showing the applicability of the proposed separation technique to HLLW samples.

Journal Articles

Preparation of Sr adsorptive fiber by impregnating with crown ether derivative for $$^{90}$$Sr measurement

Horita, Takuma; Asai, Shiho; Konda, Miki; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Saito, Kyoichi*; Fujiwara, Kunio*; Sugo, Takanobu*; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

Bunseki Kagaku, 66(3), p.189 - 193, 2017/03

https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.66.189
 Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：3.04(Chemistry, Analytical)

A Sr-selective adsorption fiber was prepared for rapid analysis of $$^{90}$$Sr content by using radiation-induced emulsion graft polymerization and subsequent chemical modification. A polyethylene fiber with a diameter of 13 $$mu$$m was first immersed in a methanol solution of an epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and polyoxyethylene sorbitol ester (Tween20) as a surfactant for graft-polymerization of GMA. Octadecylamine was then bound to a polymer chain extending from the fiber surface providing hydrophobicity to the polymer chain. Dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) was finally impregnated onto the polymer chain via a hydrophobic interaction between the octadecyl moiety of the polymer chain and the cyclohexyl moiety of DCH18C6. The fiber surface structure, characterized by DCH18C6 molecules loosely entangled with polymer chains, afforded realizes the rapid and selective adsorption of Sr ions with an adsorption rate approximately 100 times higher than that of a commercially available Sr-selective resin (Sr Resin).

Journal Articles

Determination of $$^{107}$$Pd in Pd recovered by laser-induced photoreduction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Asai, Shiho; Yomogida, Takumi; Saeki, Morihisa*; Oba, Hironori*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Horita, Takuma; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

Analytical Chemistry, 88(24), p.12227 - 12233, 2016/12

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03286
 Times Cited Count：19 Percentile：55.57(Chemistry, Analytical)

Safety evaluation of a radioactive waste repository requires credible activity estimates confirmed by actual measurements. A long-lived radionuclide, $$^{107}$$Pd, which can be found in radioactive wastes, is one of the difficult-to-measure nuclides and results in a deficit in experimentally determined contents. In this study, a precipitation-based separation method has been developed for the determination of $$^{107}$$Pd with ICP-MS. The photoreduction induced by laser irradiation at 355 nm provides short-time and one-step recovery of Pd. The proposed method was verified by applying it to a spent nuclear fuel sample. In order to efficiently recover Pd, a natural Pd standard was employed as the Pd carrier. The chemical yield of Pd was about 90% with virtually no impurities, allowing accurate quantification of $$^{107}$$Pd.

Journal Articles

Development of a high power wideband polarizer for electron cyclotron current drive system in JT-60SA

Saigusa, Mikio*; Oyama, Gaku*; Matsubara, Fumiaki*; Takii, Keita*; Sai, Takuma*; Kobayashi, Takayuki; Moriyama, Shinichi

Fusion Engineering and Design, 96-97, p.577 - 582, 2015/10

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.04.013
 Times Cited Count：6 Percentile：41.88(Nuclear Science & Technology)

A wideband polarizer has been developed for an ECCD system in JT-60SA. The groove depth of the mirrors installed in miter bends were optimized for two frequencies (110 GHz and 138 GHz) by numerical simulations. All surfaces of Poincare spheres were covered at both of the frequencies in low power test. The thermal stress of polarizer were estimated by the numerical simulations. The twister polarizer has been tested up to 0.24 MW during 3 s at 110 GHz.

Journal Articles

Identified charged hadron production in $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 and 62.4 GeV

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Yasuyuki*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, Kazuya*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 83(6), p.064903_1 - 064903_29, 2011/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.064903
 Times Cited Count：193 Percentile：99.41(Physics, Nuclear)

Transverse momentum distributions and yields for $$pi^{pm}, K^{pm}, p$$, and $$bar{p}$$ in $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 and 62.4 GeV at midrapidity are measured by the PHENIX experiment at the RHIC. We present the inverse slope parameter, mean transverse momentum, and yield per unit rapidity at each energy, and compare them to other measurements at different $$sqrt{s}$$ collisions. We also present the scaling properties such as $$m_T$$ and $$x_T$$ scaling and discuss the mechanism of the particle production in $$p + p$$ collisions. The measured spectra are compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations.

Journal Articles

Azimuthal correlations of electrons from heavy-flavor decay with hadrons in $$p+p$$ and Au+Au collisions at $$sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 200 GeV

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Yasuyuki*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, Kazuya*; Aphecetche, L.*; Aramaki, Y.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 83(4), p.044912_1 - 044912_16, 2011/04

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044912
 Times Cited Count：10 Percentile：51.34(Physics, Nuclear)

Measurements of electrons from the decay of open-heavy-flavor mesons have shown that the yields are suppressed in Au+Au collisions compared to expectations from binary-scaled $$p+p$$ collisions. Here we extend these studies to two particle correlations where one particle is an electron from the decay of a heavy flavor meson and the other is a charged hadron from either the decay of the heavy meson or from jet fragmentation. These measurements provide more detailed information about the interaction between heavy quarks and the quark-gluon matter. We find the away-side-jet shape and yield to be modified in Au+Au collisions compared to $$p+p$$ collisions.

Journal Articles

Measurement of neutral mesons in $$p$$ + $$p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 GeV and scaling properties of hadron production

Adare, A.*; Afanasiev, S.*; Aidala, C.*; Ajitanand, N. N.*; Akiba, Y.*; Al-Bataineh, H.*; Alexander, J.*; Aoki, K.*; Aphecetche, L.*; Armendariz, R.*; et al.

Physical Review D, 83(5), p.052004_1 - 052004_26, 2011/03

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.052004
 Times Cited Count：181 Percentile：98.29(Astronomy & Astrophysics)

The PHENIX experiment at RHIC has measured the invariant differential cross section for production of $$K^0_s$$, $$omega$$, $$eta'$$ and $$phi$$ mesons in $$p + p$$ collisions at $$sqrt{s}$$ = 200 GeV. The spectral shapes of all hadron transverse momentum distributions are well described by a Tsallis distribution functional form with only two parameters, $$n$$ and $$T$$, determining the high $$p_T$$ and characterizing the low $$p_T$$ regions for the spectra, respectively. The integrated invariant cross sections calculated from the fitted distributions are found to be consistent with existing measurements and with statistical model predictions.

Oral presentation

Determination of long-lived radionuclide $$^{135}$$Cs in Cs adsorbent by LA-ICP-MS

Asai, Shiho*; Ohata, Masaki*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Yomogida, Takumi; Horita, Takuma; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

no journal, , 

A large amount of Cs adsorbents left over after decontamination of waste water has continued to accumulate in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. For safe disposal of such Cs adsorbents, estimation of the radioactivity is crucial. A long-lived beta emitting nuclide $$^{135}$$Cs which is captured in the Cs adsorbents along with a major radiation contributor $$^{137}$$Cs. Different from $$^{137}$$Cs which can be measured in gamma spectrometry, the activity of $$^{135}$$Cs is generally measured in liquid form, requiring elution of Cs$$^{+}$$. However, high radiation from the Cs adsorbents hampers the operations. In this study, we applied LA-ICP-MS which allows direct measurement of Cs adsorbent. With $$^{135}$$Cs /$$^{137}$$Cs given by LA-ICP-MS, $$^{135}$$Cs can be calculated by combining a measured $$^{137}$$Cs radioactivity. A radiocesium-containing sample was used to verify the proposed method. The results agreed well with those obtained through the measurement of Cs-separated solution.

Oral presentation

Direct measurement of $$^{135}$$Cs in Cs adsorbent used for water decontamination by laser-ablation ICP-MS

Asai, Shiho*; Ohata, Masaki*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Horita, Takuma; Yomogida, Takumi; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

no journal, , 

A large amount of spent Cs adsorbents used for decontaminating water in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station are stored in the site. To dispose them safely, the estimation of $$^{135}$$Cs activity along with that of $$^{137}$$Cs is indispensable. $$^{135}$$Cs is generally measured by ICP-MS, which required the sample to be prepared in liquid form and thus the elution of Cs from the Cs adsorbents is essential. However, this approach suffers from the high radiation dose from $$^{137}$$Cs. In this study, we quantified $$^{135}$$Cs in a Cs adsorbent using the $$^{135}$$Cs/$$^{137}$$Cs ratio obtained by LA-ICP-MS and $$^{137}$$Cs radioactivity obtained by gamma spectrometry. To evaluate the applicability, we employed a $$^{135}$$Cs -containing water sample to prepare a model spent Cs adsorbent with a certified $$^{135}$$Cs activity. The resulting $$^{135}$$Cs activity of 0.36 Bq calculated by $$^{135}$$Cs /$$^{137}$$Cs ratio of 0.41 $$pm$$ 0.02 and $$^{137}$$Cs activity agreed well with that of the originally determined $$^{135}$$Cs activity in the model spent Cs adsorbent, demonstrating that the proposed technique has high validity to $$^{135}$$Cs determination of a real sample.

Oral presentation

Study on pretreatment methods of seawater for determination of ultra-trace radionuclide $$^{135}$$Cs

Tajima, Taiyo*; Asai, Shiho*; Saito, Kyoichi*; Seko, Noriaki*; Hoshina, Hiroyuki*; Horita, Takuma; Yamasaki, Shinya*; Takaku, Yuichi*; Sueki, Keisuke*; Sakaguchi, Aya*

no journal, , 

$$^{135}$$Cs is a radionuclide introduced into the environment by human nuclear activities. The use of $$^{135}$$Cs as an oceanic circulation tracer and the need for monitoring around nuclear facilities require the establishment of a measurement method for this nuclide. In this study, the appropriate adsorption and desorption conditions of Cs in seawater using the insoluble cobalt ferrocyanide-impregnated adsorbent synthesized by graft polymerisation were investigated. A chemical separation method of Cs for mass spectrometry was also investigated.

Oral presentation

Direct measurement of $$^{107}$$Pd in Pd metal recovered from spent nuclear fuel with laser ablation ICP-MS

Asai, Shiho; Ohata, Masaki*; Yomogida, Takumi; Saeki, Morihisa*; Oba, Hironori*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Horita, Takuma; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

no journal, , 

Oral presentation

Development of Pd separation technique based on photoreduction and precipitation; The Relationship between ethanol concentration and Pd recovery

Yomogida, Takumi; Asai, Shiho; Saeki, Morihisa*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Horita, Takuma; Esaka, Fumitaka; Oba, Hironori*; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro

no journal, , 

Recently, we developed a precipitation-based separation method for the determination of $$^{107}$$Pd with ICP-MS. However, a pulsed-laser light source is indispensable to form Pd precipitation in the separation method. There were difficulties in handling of a pulsed-laser light source. Simplified irradiation procedure is desirable to facilitate a Pd separation procedure. In this study, we developed a simple Pd separation technique based on photoreduction with Xe lamp irradiation and applied the technique to a simulated HLW solution. The Pd recovery from a simulated HLW solution reached 50%, while 99% of the other 13 elements were removed. These results indicate that selective separation of Pd is achieved with the simplified irradiation procedure.

Oral presentation

Development of in-situ analytical method of $$^{90}$$Sr in contaminated water using Sr adsorptive fiber

Konda, Miki; Horita, Takuma; Asai, Shiho; Matsueda, Makoto; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Saito, Kyoichi*; Fujiwara, Kunio*; Sugo, Takanobu*; Kameo, Yutaka

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Separation of platinum-group metals from radioactive waste liquid by laser induced particle formation

Saeki, Morihisa*; Asai, Shiho; Yomogida, Takumi; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Taguchi, Tomitsugu*; Horita, Takuma; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Oba, Hironori*

no journal, , 

Platinum-group metals (PGMs), such as Pd, Ru, and Rh are generated by nuclear fission of U and can be found in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level radioactive waste (HLW). Separation techniques for PGMs from HLW have been investigated for the safety assessment of HLW and the reuse of PGMs as resources. Among such PGMs, only Pd has a long-lived radionuclide $$^{107}$$Pd. Accordingly, the precise measurement of the amount of $$^{107}$$Pd in HLW is essential for the long-term safety management of HLW. The determination of $$^{107}$$Pd requires a reliable separation technique that allows selective Pd recovery with high purity. We developed a new separation technique specialized for PGMs. The technique involves UV-laser irradiation that induces selective reduction of ions of PGMs. The reduced PGMs can be readily recovered as precipitates. At the conference, the separation performances of PGMs and some applications of our technique will be discussed.

Oral presentation

Development of crown-ether-derivative impregnated fiber for in-situ analytical method of $$^{90}$$Sr; Study of safe Sr adsorption operation without using nitric acid

Konda, Miki; Horita, Takuma; Asai, Shiho*; Hanzawa, Yukiko; Saito, Kyoichi*; Fujiwara, Kunio*; Sugo, Takanobu*; Ishimori, Kenichiro; Kameo, Yutaka

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Research and development of wide band polarizer for high power millimeter waves

Sai, Takuma*; Matsubara, Fumiaki*; Takii, Keita*; Oyama, Gaku*; Saigusa, Mikio*; Kobayashi, Takayuki; Moriyama, Shinichi

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

29 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)