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JAEA Reports

Analysis of deposits inside the reactor at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in JFY2021; The Subsidy program of "Project of Decommissioning and Contaminated Water Management (Development of Analysis and Estimation Technology for Characterization of Fuel Debris)" starting FY2021

Ikeuchi, Hirotomo; Sasaki, Shinji; Onishi, Takashi; Nakayoshi, Akira; Arai, Yoichi; Sato, Takumi; Ohgi, Hiroshi; Sekio, Yoshihiro; Yamaguchi, Yukako; Morishita, Kazuki; et al.

JAEA-Data/Code 2023-005, 418 Pages, 2023/12

JAEA-Data-Code-2023-005-01.pdf:24.59MB
JAEA-Data-Code-2023-005-02.pdf:32.18MB

For safe and steady decommissioning of Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings' Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), information concerning composition and physical/chemical properties of fuel debris generated in the reactors should be estimated and provided to other projects conducting the decommissioning work including the retrieval of fuel debris and the subsequent storage. For this purpose, in FY2021, samples of contaminants (the wiped smear samples and the deposits) obtained through the internal investigation of the 1F Unit 2 were analyzed to clarify the components and to characterize the micro-particles containing uranium originated from fuel (U-bearing particles) in detail. This report summarized the results of analyses performed in FY2021, including the microscopic analysis by SEM and TEM, radiation analysis, and elemental analysis by ICP-MS, as a database for evaluating the main features of each sample and the probable formation mechanism of the U-bearing particles.

Journal Articles

In situ neutron imaging of lithium-ion batteries during heating to thermal runaway

Nozaki, Hiroshi*; Kondo, Hiroki*; Shinohara, Takenao; Setoyama, Daigo*; Matsumoto, Yoshihiro*; Sasaki, Tsuyoshi*; Isegawa, Kazuhisa*; Hayashida, Hirotoshi*

Scientific Reports (Internet), 13, p.22082_1 - 22082_8, 2023/12

Journal Articles

The Chemistry of thorium, plutonium and MA

Sato, Nobuaki*; Kirishima, Akira*; Watanabe, Masayuki; Sasaki, Takayuki*; Uehara, Akihiro*; Takeda, Shino*; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Otobe, Haruyoshi; Kobayashi, Taishi*

The Chemistry of Thorium, Plutonium and MA, 254 Pages, 2022/03

The chemistry of nuclear materials such as Thorium (Part 1) and Plutonium (Part 2) was described in relation from the fundamentals on solid chemistry and solution chemistry to the practicals on the experiment and evaluation method in detail. Minor actinides such as Neptunium, Americium, Curium and Protoactinium, was introduced the basics on the solid and solution chemistry.

Journal Articles

Magnetically navigated protein transduction in vivo using iron oxide-nanogel chaperone hybrid

Kawasaki, Riku*; Sasaki, Yoshihiro*; Nishimura, Tomoki*; Katagiri, Kiyofumi*; Morita, Keiichi*; Sekine, Yurina; Sawada, Shinichi*; Mukai, Sadaatsu*; Akiyoshi, Kazunari*

Advanced Healthcare Materials, 10(9), p.2001988_1 - 2001988_8, 2021/05

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:61.24(Engineering, Biomedical)

Systems for "protein transduction", the intracellular delivery of functional proteins, are needed to address the deliverability challenges of protein therapy, but protein transfer in vivo remains difficult. In this study, we have developed a magnetically induced in vivo protein transfection system using a magnetic nanogel chaperone (MC) composed of iron oxide nanoparticles and polysaccharide nanogels. Experiments using an oral cancer model have shown that this MC system is useful for cancer treatment.

Journal Articles

Solvent extraction of cesium using DtBuDB18C6 into various organic solvents

Sasaki, Yuji; Morita, Keisuke; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Ito, Keisuke*; Yoshizuka, Kazuharu*

Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan, 28(2), p.121 - 131, 2021/00

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:15.56(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

High concentration of Cs is present in high-level radioactive waste. It is well-known that Cs is an alkali element and difficult to extract completely into an organic phase. Crown ether compounds are widely available for Cs extractants; DtBuDB18C6 (di-$$t$$-butyl-dibenzo-18crown6), was used in this study. Organic solvents used for the industrial applications, such as $$n$$-dodecane and 1-octanol, have low solubility concerning the compound; other solvents were employed and tested. In this study, ketone-, ether-, and ester-type solvents showed high solubility for DtBuDB18C6 and DtBuDB18C6, when dissolved in ketones and alcohols, exhibited relatively high Cs distribution ratios ($$D$$(Cs)), closely to 10.

Journal Articles

Treatment of electric hydraulic control fluid (EHC Oil) with steam-reforming system

Okadome, Yoshihiro; Aoyama, Yoshio; Sasaki, Yu; Fukushima, Mineo

Proceedings of 2017 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2017) (CD-ROM), 6 Pages, 2017/04

Journal Articles

Nanoscopic structural investigation of physically cross-linked nanogels formed from self-associating polymers

Sekine, Yurina; Endo, Hitoshi*; Iwase, Hiroki*; Takeda, Shigeo*; Mukai, Sadaatsu*; Fukazawa, Hiroshi; Littrell, K. C.*; Sasaki, Yoshihiro*; Akiyoshi, Kazunari*

Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 120(46), p.11996 - 12002, 2016/11

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:27.16(Chemistry, Physical)

The detailed structure of a nanogel formed by self-association of cholesterol-bearing pullulans (CHP) was determined by contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering. The decomposition of scattering intensities into partial scattering functions of each CHP nanogel component, i.e., pullulan, cholesterol, and the cross-term between the pullulan and the cholesterol allows us to investigate the internal structure of the nanogel. The effective spherical radius of the skeleton formed by pullulan chains was found to be about 8.1 nm. In the CHP nanogel, there are about 19 cross-linking points where a cross-linking point is formed by aggregation of trimer cholesterol molecules with the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of the mass fractal dimension of 2.6. The average radius of the partial chains can also be determined to be 1.7 nm. As the result, the complex structure of the nanogels is coherently revealed at the nanoscopical level.

Journal Articles

The Effects of ion beam irradiation on variation in the M$$_{1}$$ generation of two strains of ${{it Delphinium grandiflorum}}$ var. ${{it chinense}}$

Honda, Kazushige*; Taneichi, Shuhei*; Maeda, Tomoo*; Goto, Satoshi*; Shikanai, Yasuhiro*; Sasaki, Kazuya*; Nozawa, Shigeki; Hase, Yoshihiro

JAEA-Review 2015-022, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2014, P. 107, 2016/02

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Effect of the central frames and substituents attached to N atoms on extraction ability of podand-type extractants

Sasaki, Yuji; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Sugo, Yumi; Tsubata, Yasuhiro; Suzuki, Tomoya; Kimura, Takaumi; Morita, Yasuji

Proceedings of 20th International Solvent Extraction Conference (ISEC 2014), p.431 - 435, 2014/09

The eight amide extractants including podand-types, which introduce oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur donor atoms in their central frame, are synthesized and their D values for actinide extraction are compared. The central frame affect greatly on their extractability and it is clear that diglycolamide (DGA) has the highest extractability among extractants used here. In addition, DGA having the different length of alkyl chain or phenyl groups attached to amidic N atoms are obtained and the effect of these substituents is studied. Due to the steric hindrance or hydrogen bond, DGA with long and branched alkyl chains, phenyl group, and proton give relatively low D values.

JAEA Reports

"Development of mutual separation technology of minor actinides by the novel hydrophilic and lipophilic diamide compounds" summary of the researches for three years (Contract research)

Sasaki, Yuji; Tsubata, Yasuhiro; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Sugo, Yumi; Shirasu, Noriko; Ikeda, Yasuhisa*; Kawasaki, Takeshi*; Suzuki, Tomoya*; Mimura, Hitoshi*; Usuda, Shigekazu*; et al.

JAEA-Research 2014-008, 220 Pages, 2014/06

JAEA-Research-2014-008.pdf:41.81MB

The researches on Development of mutual separation technology of minor actinides by the novel hydrophilic and lipophilic diamide compounds, entrusted to Japan Atomic Energy Agency by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, from 2010 to 2012 are summarized. This project was composed of three themes, those are (1) Development of total recovery of MA+Ln: basic researches for new extractant, DOODA, (2) Development of mutual separation of Am/Cm/Ln: basic researches of Ln-complex, solvent extraction, and extraction chromatography, and (3) Evaluation of separation technique: process simulation. For topic (1), we summarized the information on characteristic of DOODA extractant. For topic (2), we summarized the information on structures of Ln-complexes, solvent extraction and chromatography. For topic (3), we summarized the information on conditions of mixer-settler and evaluation of each fraction separated.

Journal Articles

Observation of the laser-induced surface dynamics using the single-shot soft X-ray laser probe

Hasegawa, Noboru; Ochi, Yoshihiro; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Nishikino, Masaharu; Ishino, Masahiko; Imazono, Takashi; Kaihori, Takeshi; Morita, Toshimasa; Sasaki, Akira; Terakawa, Kota*; et al.

X-Ray Lasers 2012; Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol.147, p.117 - 120, 2014/00

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0

We have developed the femto-second laser pump and soft X-ray laser probe system in order to observe the dynamical processes of the femto-second laser ablation. By using this system, we succeed to obtain the temporal evolution of the soft X-ray reflectivity from the laser induced Pt surface. The results lead that the rate of decrease in the reflectivity of the probe beam has a non-linear relation with the pump laser fluence.

Journal Articles

Research and development on waste management for the Fukushima Daiichi NPS by JAEA

Koma, Yoshikazu; Ashida, Takashi; Meguro, Yoshihiro; Miyamoto, Yasuaki; Sasaki, Toshiki; Yamagishi, Isao; Kameo, Yutaka; Terada, Atsuhiko; Hiyama, Toshiaki; Koyama, Tomozo; et al.

Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference; Nuclear Energy at a Crossroads (GLOBAL 2013) (CD-ROM), p.736 - 743, 2013/09

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (F1NPS), TEPCO, was severely damaged with the hydrogen explosions caused by losing their cooling functions due to the earthquake and the tsunami occurred on March 11, 2011. Radioactive wastes generated from the current FINPS and future their decommission and demolition are greater huge amount than those from general reactors and nuclear fuel facilities. Toward accomplishing safe and reasonable management of the wastes, great effort of R&Ds has been strongly required and performed in bringing together the knowledge and experience of all of Japan. This report outlines the current status of the R&Ds performed in JAEA.

Journal Articles

Mutual separation of Am/Cm/Ln by the use of novel-triamide, NTAamide and water-soluble diglycolamide

Sasaki, Yuji; Tsubata, Yasuhiro; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Sugo, Yumi; Shirasu, Noriko; Morita, Yasuji

Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference; Nuclear Energy at a Crossroads (GLOBAL 2013) (CD-ROM), p.1079 - 1082, 2013/09

Mutual separation of Am, Cm and lanthanides (Ln) is important to develop the partitioning process of high-level radioactive liquid waste, because the application to their different disposal methods are advantageous. Namely, Am is studied for transmutation due to the reduction of long half-life radionuclides, Cm should be kept in interim storage in order to reduce the calorific value, and Ln should be present in the vitrified radioactive waste toward the geological disposal. However, this mutual separation method is difficult to establish because they have very similar chemical behavior, same oxidation state (III) and similar ionic radii. The development of their mutual separation is termed as the challenging study. In order to obtain the satisfactory results, the property of extractant requires the differentiation of actinide (An) from Ln, high preferability to different ionic radii between Am and Cm, and high extractability to hard acids. Therefore, the extractant have to include both N atom, whose soft donor has high selectivity between An and Ln, and O atoms for the strong extractability to An. The new extractant, NTAamide (N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexaoctyl-nitrirotriacetamide) is a triamide having N donor at the center of backbone, then NTAamide has hybrid performance of complexation to metals by soft N and three hard amidic O atoms. It is clear that NTAamide can extract trivalent An at diluted HNO$$_{3}$$ with small D(Ln), the separation of An from Ln can be carried out at that condition. The SF of Am/Cm by NTAamide is approximate 1.8, which is not so high to separate each other. The combination of NTAamide of extractant and TEDGA (N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-diglycolamide) as a masking agent in the aqueous phase shows very high SF(Am/Cm) of maximal 6.5. It is obvious that NTAamide is a promising extractant to achieve the mutual separation among Am/Cm/Ln.

Journal Articles

Crossbreeding of a metallic color carnation and diversification of the peculiar coloration by ion-beam irradiation

Okamura, Masachika*; Nakayama, Masayoshi*; Umemoto, Naoyuki*; Cano, E. A.*; Hase, Yoshihiro; Nishizaki, Yuzo*; Sasaki, Nobuhiro*; Ozeki, Yoshihiro*

Euphytica, 191(1), p.45 - 56, 2013/05

 Times Cited Count:27 Percentile:80.83(Agronomy)

A few carnation cultivars are known to display a peculiar dusky color supposedly caused by anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (AVIs). The hereditary pattern suggests that the peculiar color is controlled by a single recessive factor tightly linked with existence of AVIs containing non-acylated anthocyanins. To diversify the peculiar color carnation, we produced a bluish purple line displaying a highly novel metallic appearance by crossbreeding. By subjecting the line to ion-beam irradiation, we generated metallic reddish purple, metallic crimson and metallic red lines. All four metallic lines did not have transcripts for anthocyanin malyltransferase. In contrast to the dusky color types, metallic lines have highly condensed AVIs and water-clear vacuolar sap in the petal adaxial epidermal cells. We demonstrated that (1) a factor generating the AVIs is inactivated anthocyanin malyltransferase gene, (2) AVIs in water-clear vacuolar sap in the adaxial epidermal cells generate the novel metallic appearance, and (3) ion beam breeding is a useful tool for increasing metallic colors by changing anthocyanin structure and the level of AVIs.

Journal Articles

Novel soft-hard donor ligand, NTAamide, for mutual separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides

Sasaki, Yuji; Tsubata, Yasuhiro; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Morita, Yasuji

Chemistry Letters, 42(1), p.91 - 92, 2013/01

 Times Cited Count:37 Percentile:72.53(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

The new N-donor extractant, NTAamide, is synthesized and tested for extraction and separation of Am-Cm-Ln. It was found that the high separation factors for An-Ln can be seen at 0.1-0.2M HNO$$_{3}$$, which suggest the de-protonation to N donor is important to show the high SF between An and Ln. From the present work, the stable N-donor extractant having high SF of An-Ln from nitric acid to n-dodecane can be obtained. The highest separation factor, 6.5, of Am-Cm for the condition of 0.5M NTAamide (C8) in n-dodecane and 10 mM TEDGA in 0.2M HNO$$_{3}$$ as one of the highest SF values is found. NTAamide is the promising extractants for partitioning process of Am-Cm-Ln.

Journal Articles

Support system for training and education of future expert at PIE Hot Laboratories in Oarai JAEA; FEETS

Osaka, Masahiko; Donomae, Takako; Ichikawa, Shoichi; Sasaki, Shinji; Ishimi, Akihiro; Inoue, Toshihiko; Sekio, Yoshihiro; Miwa, Shuhei; Onishi, Takashi; Asaka, Takeo; et al.

Proceedings of 1st Asian Nuclear Fuel Conference (ANFC), 2 Pages, 2012/03

Support system for training and education of future expert in hot laboratories of Oarai-JAEA, named FEETS, is presented. The system has been established based on research results on both characterization of Oarai hot laboratory and user-needs. Various programs under FEETS are also introduced.

Journal Articles

Multiplier effect on separation of Am and Cm with hydrophilic and lipophilic diamides

Sasaki, Yuji; Tsubata, Yasuhiro; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Sugo, Yumi; Shirasu, Noriko; Morita, Yasuji

Procedia Chemistry, 7, p.380 - 386, 2012/00

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:92.32

Following the nuclear properties, the different disposal methods for Am, Cm and lanthanides in HLW have been investigating, e.g., Am; transmutation, Cm; interim storage and Ln; geological disposal. The mutual separation is an important task. However, these trivalent Ln and An are difficult to separate due to their very similar chemical behavior, same oxidation state and similar ionic radii. We try to use both hydrophilic and lipophilic diamides in an extraction system simultaneously in order to attain the effective mutual separation. In this work, lipophilic DOODA or DGA are used as the extractant and some hydrophilic diamides are employed as the masking agents. The results of mutual separation of Am/Cm/Ln are discussed in this work.

Journal Articles

Actinides extractability trends for multidentate diamides and phosphine oxides

Sasaki, Yuji; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Sugo, Yumi; Tsubata, Yasuhiro; Kimura, Takaumi; Morita, Yasuji

Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan, 19, p.51 - 61, 2012/00

Diamides and phosphine oxides having many kinds of the central frames were synthesized and employed in order to see the behavior of actinides(An)(III), (IV), (V) and (VI). Diamides synthesized here have two, three, or four donor atoms of amidic and etheric oxygen (nitrogen or sulfur, instead) atoms in their central frames, namely the extractants can work as bi-, tri-, and tetradentate modes. Di-phosphine di-oxides ((Bis(diphenylphosphoryl)methane (BDPPM) and bis(diphenylphosphoryl)ethylene (BDPPE)), carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (octylphenyl-$$N$$,$$N$$-diisobutyl-carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO)) are used as the representative actinide extractants. Metal ions of Eu(III), Th(IV), U(VI), Np(V), Pu(IV) and Am(III) in perchloric acid were extracted into nitrobenzene or n-dodecane. Measurement of $$D$$ value at the different extractant concentration gives the information on extraction reaction and their extraction ability. From the present work, the best extractant is BDPPM, due to the strong affinity concerning P=O and form of the bidentate mode with six-membered ring chelation. However, this extractant have low solubility in $$n$$-dodecane. Taking the applicatory properties, e.g., high solubility in $$n$$-dodecane, easy organic synthesis, gasification by combustion and high actinide extractability, into consideration, diglycolamide (DGA) is a promising extractant for radioactive waste treatment.

Journal Articles

Separation of Am, Cm and Ln by combination of two novel-diamide compounds at $$n$$-dodecane and HNO$$_{3}$$ system

Sasaki, Yuji; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro; Tsubata, Yasuhiro; Sugo, Yumi; Shirasu, Noriko; Morita, Yasuji

Proceedings of International Conference on Toward and Over the Fukushima Daiichi Accident (GLOBAL 2011) (CD-ROM), 5 Pages, 2011/12

Mutual separation of Am, Cm and lanthanides (Ln) is important to develop the partitioning process of high-level radioactive waste, although this method is difficult to establish due to their very similar chemical behavior, same oxidation state (III) and similar ionic radii. Relative high separation values for these metals can be seen when the multidentate ligands, e.g., diethylene-triamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentaacetic acid (DTPA), and softN-donor extractants are employed. We examine to use the combination of two-multidentate ligands having N atoms in their structures in behalf of the high separation of Am, Cm and Ln. Various diamide-type ligands can be synthesized from the initial materials of carboxylic acid and amine, and the aimed materials can be tailored to have high solubility in either HNO$$_{3}$$ orn-dodecane, in case short or long alkyl chains are attached in amidic Natoms. Taking the simultaneous use of these materials into consideration, hydrophilic and lipophilic diamide compounds with different complexing ability for trivalent Ln and actinide (An) are used into both of the aqueous and the organic phases in order to enlarge their separation factors. This technique is applicable in the salt-free system and diamide can be gasificated by combustion, which reduces the secondary-radioactive waste. Two diamide compounds, DGA (diglycolamide) and DOODA (dioxaoctanediamide) as the representative multidentate ligands, have the different features for Ln-complexation, namely DGA has higher D values for middle-Ln than those of light-Ln, and DOODA shows the opposite trend to DGA. TDdDGA (N,N,N',N'-tetradodecyl-diglycolamide) and DOODA(C2) (N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-dioxaoctanediamide) have high solubility in n-dodecane and HNO$$_{3}$$, respectively, and the condition of 0.1 M TDdDGA in n-dodecane and 0.5 MDOODA(C2) in 3 M HNO$$_{3}$$ gives the separation factors of La/Gd: 1128 and Am/Cm:3.26.

Journal Articles

Development of the X-ray interferometer and the method of spatial and temporal synchronization of XRL and optical pulse

Hasegawa, Noboru; Ochi, Yoshihiro; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Terakawa, Kota*; Tomita, Takuro*; Yamamoto, Minoru; Nishikino, Masaharu; Oba, Toshiyuki; Kaihori, Takeshi; Imazono, Takashi; et al.

X-Ray Lasers 2010; Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol.136, p.353 - 358, 2011/12

The understanding of the dynamics of the initial process is important for the micro processing and welding by the ultra-short laser pulse. The X-ray laser is suitable for probing this initial process because it has short wavelength (Ni-like Ag, 13.9 nm) and short duration (7 ps). For this investigation, the origin of time of the pumping pulse is quite important. In this study, we used the scintillation plate and the plasma gate technique to realize the spatial and temporal synchronization of the pump and probe pulses. For the spatial alignment, a CsI scintillation plate that was set at the sample position was illuminated by both the X-ray laser pulse, and the fluorescence light were detected by the CCD camera. For the temporal synchronization, we set a thin foil at the sample position. We measured the transmission of the X-ray laser while changing a temporal delay of the pumping laser with respect to the time of X-ray laser pulse to obtain the origin of the irradiation time.

103 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)