Observation and characterization of quasi-continuous wave kW-class laser interaction with metal and metal oxide targets using a high-speed camera and microscopes

大道 博行*; 山田 知典; 猿田 晃一; 宮部 昌文; 伊藤 主税; 柴田 卓弥; 井上 薫*; 寺林 稜平*; 長谷川 秀一*

Physica Scripta, 98(3), p.035112_1 - 035112_22, 2023/02

https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/acbba9

kW級の疑似連続発振レーザー(パルス時間10ms)と金属・金属酸化物との相互作用について、レーザー誘起絶縁破壊や連続的なレーザー誘起溶融・蒸発と機械的応答、それに続く様々な種類の粒子や破片の放出に関する特性評価を行った。ファイバーレーザーと高速度カメラを用いて、相互作用ダイナミクスを観察した。放出された微粒子をカスケードインパクターや自作コレクターで捕集して電子顕微鏡で観察した。照射痕形状はデジタル光学顕微鏡で観察し、ターゲットから噴出した総質量を求めた。その結果、金属との相互作用のしきい値は、酸化物との相互作用のしきい値よりも低く安定していた。またステンレス鋼では、レーザーで加熱された薄層からの熱伝導により生じる溶融層のダイナミクスと、隣接する固体層による機械的応答の少ない連続的な粒子放出が支配的であることが分った。一方、酸化物では溶融のほか、比較的深い相互作用領域での破壊と、比較的大きなレーザーショット間変動のある脆性材料応答が重要な役割を果たすらしいことが分った。

Development of a laser-driven ultrasonic technology for characterizations of heated and aged concrete samples

山田 知典; 大道 博行*; 柴田 卓弥

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(5), p.614 - 628, 2022/05

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2021.1996295

We have demonstrated a full noncontact laser technology to measure the velocity of ultrasonic waves and their spectra propagated through concrete samples exposed to specified high-temperature conditions with specified durations as models of concrete structures in a severe accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The velocities and spectra of the ultrasonic waves were strongly dependent on the exposed temperature, i.e., at a high-temperature condition of 400C, the velocity was 3700 m/s, and at room temperature, the velocity was 5000 m/s. Experimental results are almost comparable to those obtained by the contact ultrasonic technique.

Generation of particles and fragments by quasicontinuous wave fiber laser irradiation of stainless steel, alumina, and concrete materials

大道 博行*; 山田 知典; 古河 裕之*; 伊藤 主税; 宮部 昌文; 柴田 卓弥; 長谷川 秀一*

Journal of Laser Applications, 33(1), p.012001_1 -  012001_16, 2021/02

https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0000190

In order to preserve a safe working environment, in particular for nuclear decommissioning like the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, special care should be taken to confine and retrieve such particles during laser processing. In the experiments, particle production from the vapor, as well as the molten phase layer in the targeted material were observed with a high speed camera with fine particles collected and analyzed using an electron microscope. The observed results were qualitatively interpreted with the help of a simplified one-dimensional hydrodynamic code coupled with a stress computation code. Characterization and classification of the results are expected to provide a useful database which will contribute to the decommissioning of nuclear facilities as well as other industrial applications.

Development of a laser chipping technique combined with water jet for retrieval of fuel debris at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

山田 知典; 武部 俊彦*; 石塚 一平*; 大道 博行*; 羽成 敏秀; 柴田 卓弥; 大森 信哉*; 黒澤 孝一*; 佐々木 豪*; 中田 正宏*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(12), p.1171 - 1179, 2019/12

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2019.1647890

福島第一原子力発電所の炉内構造物及び燃料デブリ取り出しに向けて、レーザーとウォータージェットを組み合わせたはつり除去技術の開発を行った。金属を対象とした除去能力を評価するため、5.5kWの連続発振のファイバーレーザーとパルス噴射のウォータージェットを組み合わせて加工中の様子を観察した。

Development of a water purifier for radioactive cesium removal from contaminated natural water by radiation-induced graft polymerization

瀬古 典明*; 保科 宏行*; 笠井 昇*; 柴田 卓弥; 佐伯 誠一*; 植木 悠二*

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 143, p.33 - 37, 2018/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.09.007

Six years after the Fukushima-nuclear accident, the dissolved radioactive cesium (Cs) is now hardly detected inenvironmental natural waters. These natural waters are directly used as source of drinking and domestic waters in disaster-stricken areas in Fukushima. However, the possibility that some radioactive Cs adsorbed on soil or leaves will contaminate these natural waters during heavy rains or typhoon is always present. In order for the returning residents to live with peace of mind, it is important to demonstrate the safety of the domestic waters that they will use for their daily life. For this purpose, we have synthesized a material for selective removal of radioactive Cs by introducing ammonium 12-molybdophosphate (AMP) onto polyethylene nonwoven fabric through radiation-induced emulsion graft polymerization technique. Water purifiers filled with the grafted Csadsorbent were installed in selected houses in Fukushima. The capability of the grafted adsorbent to remove Cs from domestic waters was evaluated for a whole year. The results showed that the tap water filtered through the developed water purifier contained no radioactive Cs, signifying the very effective adsorption performance of thedeveloped grafted adsorbent. From several demonstrations, we have commercialized the water purifier named "KranCsair".

Evaluation of a cesium adsorbent grafted with ammonium 12-molybdophosphate

柴田 卓弥; 瀬古 典明; 天田 春代; 笠井 昇; 佐伯 誠一; 保科 宏行; 植木 悠二

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 119, p.247 - 252, 2016/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.10.026

A fibrous adsorbent for radioactive cesium (Cs) removal has been developed by radiation induced graft polymerization. To apply the developed adsorbent to drinking water, the stability of adsorbent having high affinity for Cs ligand, ammonium 12-molybdophosphate (AMP), was evaluated. As a result, since a crosslinking structure was introduced onto the grafted AMP, it could be successfully satisfied the regulation of Food Sanitation Act. Finally, the Cs adsorbent was commercialized as water purifier named by "KranCsairtextregistered".

中性子放射化法によるMo/Tc製造に関する試験体系の確立

石田 卓也; 椎名 孝行*; 太田 朗生*; 木村 明博; 西方 香緒里; 柴田 晃; 棚瀬 正和*; 小林 正明*; 佐野 忠史*; 藤原 靖幸*; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2015-030, 42 Pages, 2015/11

JAEA-Technology-2015-030.pdf:4.82MB

照射試験炉センターでは、材料試験炉(JMTR)を用いた中性子放射化法((n,)法)によるモリブデン-99(Mo)製造に関する技術開発を行っている。(n,)法によるMoは、核分裂法((n,f)法)と比べると比放射能が低く、得られるテクネチウム-99m(Tc)溶液の放射能濃度も低くなる。この課題を解決するため、(n,)法で製造したMoからTcを回収する手法として、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)を用いた溶媒抽出法に着目し、開発したMo/Tc分離・抽出・濃縮試験装置による性能試験を行っている。本報告書は、Mo/Tc製造の試験体系の確立に貢献するため、高いTc回収率を得ることができるよう装置の改良を行い、京都大学研究用原子炉(KUR)で照射した高密度三酸化モリブデン(MoO)ペレットを用いて、MoOペレット溶解及びTcの抽出を行い、得られたTc溶液の品質試験を行った結果をまとめたものである。

Evaluation of antibacterial effect by using a fibrous grafted material loaded Ag ligand

柴田 卓弥; 瀬古 典明; 笠井 昇; 保科 宏行; 植木 悠二

International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 5(2), p.100 - 107, 2015/06

https://doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2015.52011

To obtain the safety of drinking water, an antibacterial material was prepared by loading Ag onto fibrous iminodiacetate (IDA) adsorbent, which was synthesized by radiation induced graft polymerization of a glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent chemical modification of the produced epoxy group to an IDA group(IDA-Ag). A total amount of loaded Ag on the IDA-Ag fabric was 0.4 mmol-Ag/g-fabric. As a result of evaluating antibacterial effects by the column mode water flow test with a stream water, the effective Ag concentration was monitored 0.05 ppm at irrespective of flow rate which was functioned to the antibacterial performance. The antibacterial effects for general bacteria were indicated until BV (BV: steam water volume/IDA-Ag fabric volume) 6,000, and for colitis germ legions were completely disinfected until BV 6,000.

The Volume reduction method of radioactively-contaminated plant waste through extraction and removal of radioactive cesium

佐伯 誠一; 柴田 卓弥; 保科 宏行; 植木 悠二; 笠井 昇; 瀬古 典明

日本イオン交換学会誌, 25(4), p.170 - 175, 2014/11

https://doi.org/10.5182/jaie.25.170

After Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accidents, a lot of contaminated wastes have been produced by decontamination works at contaminated areas around Fukushima prefecture, Japan. At some temporary storage sites, it was found that contaminated leaching water was accumulated under stacks of contaminated "plant" wastes. To handle the wastes and the solution properly, decontamination tests of the leaching water were examined with molybdophosphate type cesium adsorbents synthesized by radiation-induced grafting method. At batch adsorption tests, 75% of radioactive cesium was successfully removed with cesium adsorbents. At column adsorption tests, radioactivity concentration of the leaching water could be reduced under provisional limit value up to around 500 times volume as large as an adsorbent volume. For development of volume reduction method of contaminated plant wastes, radioactive cesium extraction tests from the wastes and removal tests from the extracts were executed using contaminated oil cakes of sunflower seeds as a model of contaminated plant wastes. As a result, 65% of radioactive cesium was successfully extracted from the oil cakes to liquid phase, and more than 65% of radioactive cesium could be collected from the extract by grafted cesium adsorbents. These results showed a possibility of an application of these processes to volume reduction method for contaminated plant wastes.

Transmission properties of C ions through micro- and nano-capillaries

土田 秀次*; 間嶋 拓也*; 冨田 成夫*; 笹 公和*; 鳴海 一雅; 齋藤 勇一; 千葉 敦也; 山田 圭介; 平田 浩一*; 柴田 裕実*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 315, p.336 - 340, 2013/11

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2013.04.094

Applying the beam-focusing method with capillaries to C projectiles in the velocity range between 0.14 and 0.2 a.u., transmission properties of C ions through two different types of capillaries are studied: (1) a borosilicate-glass single microcapillary with an outlet diameter of 5.5 m, and (2) an AlO multicapillary foil with approximatey 70-nm pores in diameter and a high aspect ratio of approximately 750. Transmitted-particle compositions are measured with the electrostatic-deflection method combined with a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. In the experiments with the single microcapillary, the main transmitted component is found to be primary C ions, which are focused in the area equal to the capillary outlet diameter. The other components are charge-exchanged C ions and charged or neutral fragments (fullerene-like C and small C particles), and their fractions decrease with decreasing projectile velocity. Similar results are obtained in the experiments with the multicapillary foil. It is concluded from the relative transimission fractions of more than 80% that the C transmission fraction is considerably high for both types of the capillaries in the present velocity range.