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Tazaki, Makiko; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Suda, Kazunori
JAEA-Review 2024-043, 91 Pages, 2024/12
JAEA-Review-2024-043.pdf:2.68MB
As part of the "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Processes for Denuclearization," this report examines the DPRK's nuclear development and denuclearization (through 2018) and analyzes it from the perspective of eight denuclearization factors, as week as discusses the lessons for denuclearization. Since the Korean War, DPRK has pursued nuclear weapon development for reasons such as ensuring national security, maintaining and strengthening the Kim regime and for bargaining chip in diplomatic negotiations and has come to possess nuclear weapons. In addition to economic sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council and the United States, the international community has tried to promote the denuclearization of DPRK by forming international frameworks, but none of them had succeeded. Denuclearization of DPRK will not be easy and even getting DPRK to the diplomatic table will be difficult. However, in order to realize CVID in the future, the international community must insist on the need for DPRK to comply with international nonproliferation norms, cooperate to ensure that sanctions by the five nuclear weapon states are implemented without creating "loopholes," and, based on the principle of "promise for promise, action for action" presented at the six-party talks, respond immediately to DPRK's denuclearization measures. It will be necessary to continue efforts to implement sanctions in a step-by-step manner, with credible verification.
Tazaki, Makiko; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Suda, Kazunori
JAEA-Review 2024-041, 88 Pages, 2024/11
JAEA-Review-2024-041.pdf:2.83MB
As part of the "Research on factor analysis and technical processes for achieving denuclearization", Investigation and analysis on Iran's nuclear development and denuclearization was conducted. Before Islamic Revolution, Iran pursued nuclear weapon related programs, however, the program was temporarily halted due to the Revolution. On the other hand, during the Iran-Iraq War, Iran was attacked by chemical weapons from Iraq, and it could not receive the response it wanted from the international community, so the Iran decided to pursue secret nuclear weapon program. In 2002, Iranian dissidents exposed Iran's clandestine nuclear activities, so the Iran seemed to have focused more on maintaining its uranium enrichment activities, rather than developing nuclear weapons. Since then, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom have been working to resolve the Iran's nuclear issues through diplomatic negotiations. In 2006, the US, Russia and PRC joined negotiations and in 2015, an agreement was reached with Iran as "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)". The lessons learned from Iran's denuclearization are that there are needs for momentum toward denuclearization in the international community as well as concord and cooperation among the five nuclear-weapon states. In addition, not only the effective use of sanctions including the clear condition of its lifting, but also keeping guarantees for the peaceful use of nuclear energy should not be undermined.
Shimizu, Ryo
Dai-45-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2024/11
no abstracts in English
Endo, Shunsuke; Abe, Ryota*; Fujioka, Hiroyuki*; Ino, Takashi*; Iwamoto, Osamu; Iwamoto, Nobuyuki; Kawamura, Shiori*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Kobayashi, Ryuju*; et al.
European Physical Journal A, 60(8), p.166_1 - 166_10, 2024/08
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：78.45(Physics, Nuclear)Ito, Kotaro*; Tamura, Kazuhisa; Shimizu, Keisuke*; Yamada, Norifumi*; Watanabe, Kenta*; Suzuki, Kota*; Kanno, Ryoji*; Hirayama, Masaaki*
RSC Applied Interfaces (Internet), 1(4), p.790 - 799, 2024/04
LiCoO
is widely used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries. However, the reversible capacity of LiCoO at high voltage is not well known because of the oxidative degradation of the electrolyte. In this study, a thin-film all-solid-state battery was fabricated with epitaxially grown LiCoO cathode and Li
PO
solid electrolyte as a model battery that operates stably at high voltages, ranging up to 4.6 V, without drastic degradation. However, the charge-discharge capacities of the battery decreased with cycling at 4.7 V. 
synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies revealed that LiCoO was deactivated via a change in its crystal structure to O1 type, with narrow interlayer distances, at 4.7 V. The reduced distance between the interlayers in the O1 structure possibly prevents the re-intercalation of Li ions, leading to irreversibility.
Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Shimizu, Ryo; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori
JAEA-Review 2023-042, 121 Pages, 2024/03
JAEA-Review-2023-042.pdf:3.01MB
As part of the "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Processes for Achieving Denuclearization", we investigated denuclearization cases in three former Soviet Union countries, namely Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine, and analyzed the cases by eight denuclearization factors. We then considered the characteristics and lessons learned from such denuclearization. The denuclearization processes of the three countries differed from country to country, and Ukraine's denuclearization process in particular went through many twists and turns. However, the common factor was that all nuclear-weapon states provided security assurances to the three countries and as a result, they transferred strategic nuclear weapons to Russia and joined the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) as non-nuclear weapon states. Such decision was partly made possible by the economic and physical assistance provided by the United States and Russia for denuclearization. Furthermore, one of the characteristics of the denuclearization of the three countries is the US's skillful denuclearization strategy toward the three countries. The United States supported the claims that the three countries, like Russia, were parties to the First Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START-I), and ultimately allowed them to transfer strategic nuclear warheads to Russia within the framework of START-I and the subsequently achieved the disposal of the warheads in Russia. Furthermore, as a lesson from the denuclearization of the three countries, providing security assurance to denuclearized countries is a strong incentive for denuclearization. However, considering Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 and military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, countries which are required denuclearization will seek stronger security guarantees from nuclear-weapon states. Another lesson is that it is necessary to have a strong presidential initiative the countries concerned.
Yoshimoto, Masataka*; Tamura, Kazuhisa; Watanabe, Kenta*; Shimizu, Keisuke*; Horisawa, Yuhei*; Kobayashi, Takeshi*; Tsurita, Hanae*; Suzuki, Kota*; Kanno, Ryoji*; Hirayama, Masaaki*
Sustainable Energy & Fuels (Internet), 8(6), p.1236 - 1244, 2024/03
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.00(Chemistry, Physical)Photo-rechargeable systems, which can efficiently convert and store solar energy into chemical energy within single devices, are essential to harness sunlight effectively. Photo-(de)intercalation plays a pivotal role in the functionality of photorechargeable systems. Nevertheless, the photo-(de)intercalation process has not been conclusively confirmed owing to potential interference from side reactions, such as the decomposition of liquid electrolytes and the elution of electrode materials. In this study, we successfully demonstrated photo-responsive Li
-deintercalation using an all-solid-state thin-film battery comprised of epitaxially-grown anatase TiO doped with Nb (a-TiO:Nb) as the cathode. Under light irradiation, Li-deintercalation occurred and was subsequently reversibly intercalated into a-TiO:Nb during discharge.
Nakatani, Takayoshi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Hori, Masato
Dai-44-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 3 Pages, 2023/11
no abstracts in English
Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Shimizu, Ryo; Nakatani, Takayoshi
Dai-44-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2023/11
no abstracts in English
Shimizu, Ryo; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Hori, Masato
Dai-44-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2023/11
no abstracts in English
Tamii, Atsushi*; Pellegri, L.*; S
derstrm, P.-A.*; Allard, D.*; Goriely, S.*; Inakura, Tsunenori*; Khan, E.*; Kido, Eiji*; Kimura, Masaaki*; Litvinova, E.*; et al.
European Physical Journal A, 59(9), p.208_1 - 208_21, 2023/09
Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：76.15(Physics, Nuclear)no abstracts in English
Hori, Masato; Tazaki, Makiko; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Nakatani, Takayoshi
Proceedings of INMM & ESARDA Joint Annual Meeting 2023 (Internet), 8 Pages, 2023/05
To improve preparedness of future denuclearization, series of study to achieve effective and efficient denuclearization have been performed in JAEA. As part of this study, this paper focus on dismantlement and verification of potential uranium enrichment facility and potential nuclear material in the uranium enrichment facility, considering (a) peaceful use operation, (b) freeze, (c) disablement, (d) dismantlement, (e) removal from the state as potential options.
Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tamai, Hiroshi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori
JAEA-Review 2022-056, 54 Pages, 2023/01
JAEA-Review-2022-056.pdf:1.86MB
As part of the "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Processes for Achieving Denuclearization" South Africa's nuclear development and denuclearization cases were investigated then analyzed from seven denuclearization factors namely (1) motivation for nuclear development, (2) internal and external situations at the time of denuclearization decision, (3) progress of nuclear development, (4) effects of sanctions, (5) incentives for denuclearization, (6) international framework for denuclearization, (7) denuclearization and verification methods. At the same time, characteristics of its denuclearization and lessons learned from the denuclearization were also analyzed. South Africa shifted its nuclear activities from research and development of "peaceful nuclear detonation" in the 1970s to developing "limited nuclear deterrence" and finally to manufacturing "transportable nuclear weapons" in the late 1980s. By then, it had completed producing six nuclear explosive devices using highly enriched uranium. However, in 1989, along with the abolition of the apartheid policy, South Africa decided denuclearization and dismantled its nuclear explosive devices and related facilities. Upon completion of dismantlement, it joined the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and concluded a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA) with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The South Africa has remained one of the rare countries that has continued to the peaceful use nuclear energy, and its voluntary denuclearization is considered as a good example of denuclearization in the future.
rays in the 
Sn(
)
Sn reactionEndo, Shunsuke; Okudaira, Takuya*; Abe, Ryota*; Fujioka, Hiroyuki*; Hirota, Katsuya*; Kimura, Atsushi; Kitaguchi, Masaaki*; Oku, Takayuki; Sakai, Kenji; Shima, Tatsushi*; et al.
Physical Review C, 106(6), p.064601_1 - 064601_7, 2022/12
Times Cited Count：7 Percentile：72.81(Physics, Nuclear)no abstracts in English
Tazaki, Makiko; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Hori, Masato
Dai-43-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2022/11
Denuclearization consists of (1) verification of nuclear activities prior to denuclearization, (2) freeze, disablement and decommissioning of nuclear weapons, nuclear materials such as HEU and Pu, their production facilities, including facilities and equipment, and their verification. In this study, as a premise for the denuclearization of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities, and with reference to the results of previous denuclearization case surveys and related literature, the denuclearization process and its options for technical measures are discussed and considered.
Nakatani, Takayoshi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Hori, Masato
Dai-43-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2022/11
Denuclearization is the verification of nuclear development and the freezing, disabling, decommissioning, and verification of nuclear weapons, nuclear materials that can be used for nuclear weapons, and their manufacturing facilities, equipment, equipment, and materials. In this study, the technical process of measures and verification methods to effectively and efficiently achieve denuclearization at nuclear installations is examined and considered from a technical point of view.
Hori, Masato; Tazaki, Makiko; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi
Dai-43-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2022/11
no abstracts in English
Shimizu, Ryo; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Hori, Masato
Dai-43-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 3 Pages, 2022/11
no abstracts in English
Kimura, Takashi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tazaki, Makiko; Hori, Masato
Dai-43-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2022/11
no abstracts in English
Ishikawa, Ryoya*; Suzuki, Masatoshi*; Kino, Yasushi*; Endo, Satoru*; Nakajima, Hiroo*; Oka, Toshitaka; Takahashi, Atsushi*; Shimizu, Yoshinaka*; Suzuki, Toshihiko*; Shinoda, Hisashi*; et al.
KEK Proceedings 2022-2, p.61 - 66, 2022/11
The balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, which is a defense mechanism against oxidative stress, was investigated in the liver and bladder of wild Japanese macaques captured in Fukushima Prefecture. No significant induction of oxidative stress by exposure to environmental radionuclides after the Fukushima nuclear accident was observed, suggesting that the stress defense mechanism of the organism is activated in some organs.
