Thermally altered subsurface material of asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Kitazato, Kohei*; Milliken, R. E.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Matsuura, Shuji*; Takagi, Yasuhiko*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Hiroi, Takahiro*; Matsuoka, Moe*; et al.

Nature Astronomy (Internet), 5(3), p.246 - 250, 2021/03

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-01271-2

Here we report observations of Ryugu's subsurface material by the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Reflectance spectra of excavated material exhibit a hydroxyl (OH) absorption feature that is slightly stronger and peak-shifted compared with that observed for the surface, indicating that space weathering and/or radiative heating have caused subtle spectral changes in the uppermost surface. However, the strength and shape of the OH feature still suggests that the subsurface material experienced heating above 300 C, similar to the surface. In contrast, thermophysical modeling indicates that radiative heating does not increase the temperature above 200 C at the estimated excavation depth of 1 m, even if the semimajor axis is reduced to 0.344 au. This supports the hypothesis that primary thermal alteration occurred due to radiogenic and/or impact heating on Ryugu's parent body.

Three-dimensional electronic structures and the metal-insulator transition in Ruddlesden-Popper iridates

Yamasaki, Atsushi*; Fujiwara, Hidenori*; Tachibana, Shoichi*; Iwasaki, Daisuke*; Higashino, Yuji*; Yoshimi, Chiaki*; Nakagawa, Koya*; Nakatani, Yasuhiro*; Yamagami, Kohei*; Aratani, Hidekazu*; et al.

Physical Review B, 94(11), p.115103_1 - 115103_10, 2016/11

AA2016-0587.pdf:2.55MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.115103

In this study, we systematically investigate three-dimensional(3D) momentum-resolved electronic structures of Ruddlesden-Popper-type iridium oxides SrIrO using soft-X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES). Our results provide direct evidence of an insulator-to-metal transition that occurs upon increasing the dimensionality of the IrO-plane structure. This transition occurs when the spin-orbit-coupled = 1/2 band changes its behavior in the dispersion relation and moves across the Fermi energy. By scanning the photon energy over 350 eV, we reveal the 3D Fermi surface in SrIrO and -dependent oscillations of photoelectron intensity in SrIrO. To corroborate the physics deduced using low-energy ARPES studies, we propose to utilize SX-ARPES as a powerful complementary technique, as this method surveys more than one whole Brillouin zone and provides a panoramic view of electronic structures.

Verification and validation procedures of calculation codes for determining corrosive conditions in the BWR primary cooling system based on water radiolysis and mixed potential models

Uchida, Shunsuke*; Wada, Yoichi*; Yamamoto, Seiji*; Takagi, Junichi*; Hisamune, Kenji*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 51(1), p.24 - 36, 2014/01

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2013.842945

ECP in the BWR primary cooling system can be measured only in the restricted region. In order to determine ECP at any location, ECP should be evaluated by computer simulation codes consisting of water radiolysis models to determine the concentrations of corrosive radiolytic species and mixed potential models to determine ECP based on corrosive species. Mitigation of SCC crack growth rate due to decreasing ECP can be authorized by the JSME Standards, while mitigation of ECP due to hydrogen addition has not been authorized yet. In the paper, standard procedures to authorize the computer simulation codes based on the verification and validation method are proposed. The numerical justification of every code applied as a standard code should be verified and its accuracy and applicability for plant analysis should be validated. Benchmark problems for verification processes are proposed and comparison of the calculated results with the measured ones for the plant of evaluation is required.

Anomalous metallic state in the vicinity of metal to valence-bond solid insulator transition in LiVS

Katayama, Naoyuki*; Uchida, Masaya*; Hashizume, Daisuke*; Niitaka, Seiji*; Matsuno, Jobu*; Matsumura, Daiju; Nishihata, Yasuo; Mizuki, Junichiro; Takeshita, Nao*; Gauzzi, A.*; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 103(14), p.146405_1 - 146405_4, 2009/10

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.146405

We investigate LiVS and LiVSe with a triangular lattice as itinerant analogues of LiVO known for the formation of a valence-bond solid (VBS) state out of an S = 1 frustrated magnet. LiVS, which is located at the border between a metal and a correlated insulator, shows a first order transition from a paramagnetic metal to a VBS insulator at T 305 K upon cooling. The presence of a VBS state in the close vicinity of insulator-metal transition may suggest the importance of itinerancy in the formation of a VBS state. We argue that the high temperature metallic phase of LiVS has a pseudogap, likely originating from the VBS fluctuation. LiVSe was found to be a paramagnetic metal down to 2 K.

Evaluation of containment failure probability due to ex-vessel steam explosions in LWR severe accidents

Moriyama, Kiyofumi; Takagi, Seiji*; Muramatsu, Ken; Nakamura, Hideo; Maruyama, Yu

JAEA-Research 2007-072, 54 Pages, 2007/11

JAEA-Research-2007-072.pdf:25.89MB

The containment failure probability due to ex-vessel steam explosions was evaluated for BWR and PWR model plants. A stratified Monte Carlo technique (Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS)) was applied for the evaluation of steam explosion loads, in which a steam explosion simulation code JASMINE was used as a physics model. The evaluation was made for three scenarios: a steam explosion in the pedestal area or in the suppression pool of a BWR model plant with Mark-II containment, and in the reactor cavity of a PWR model plant. The scenario connecting the generation of steam explosion loads and the containment failure was assumed to be displacement of the reactor vessel and pipings, and failure at the penetration in the containment boundary. We evaluated the conditional containment failure probability (CCFP) based on the preconditions of failure of molten core retention within the reactor vessel, relocation of the core melt into the water pool without significant interference, and a strong triggering at the time of maximum premixed mass. The obtained mean and median values of the CCPF were 6.4E-2 (mean) and 3.9E-2 (median) for the BWR suppression pool case, 2.2E-3 (mean) and 2.8E-10 (median) for the BWR pedestal case, and 6.8E-2 (mean) and 1.4E-2 (median) for the PWR cavity case. The evaluation of CCFPs on the basis of core damage needs consideration of probabilities for the above-mentioned preconditions. Thus, the CCFPs per core damage should be lower than the values given above. The specific values of the probability were most dependent on the assumed range of melt flow rate and fragility curve that involved conservatism and uncertainty due to simplified scenarios and limited information. Additionally, the source term significance of the fine particles generated by steam explosions was discussed.

Evaluation of ex-vessel steam explosion induced containment failure probability for Japanese BWR

Moriyama, Kiyofumi; Takagi, Seiji; Muramatsu, Ken; Nakamura, Hideo; Maruyama, Yu

Proceedings of 2005 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP '05) (CD-ROM), 9 Pages, 2005/05

The containment failure probability due to ex-vessel steam explosions were evaluated for a BWR Mk-II model plant. The evaluation was made for two scenarios: a steam explosion in the pedestal area, or in the suppression pool. A probabilistic approach, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS), was applied for the evaluation of steam explosion loads, in which a steam explosion simulation code JASMINE was used as a physics model. The fragility curves connecting the steam explosion loads and containment failure were developed based on simplified assumptions on the containment failure scenarios. The mean conditional probabilities of containment failure per occurrence of a steam explosion were for suppression pool and for pedestal area. Note that the results depend on the assumed range of input parameters and fragility curves that involve conservatism and simplification.

Giant TMR effect and spin states in fullerene-cobalt hybirid films

Sakai, Seiji; Matsumoto, Yoshihiro; Mitani, Seiji*; Takanashi, Koki; Takagi, Yasumasa*; Nakagawa, Takeshi*; Yokoyama, Toshihiko*; Shimada, Toshihiro*; Naramoto, Hiroshi*; Maeda, Yoshihito

no journal, , 

Anomalously large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effects were found for the granular structured C60-Co films consisting of a C60-Co compound matrix and Co nanoparticles dispersed therein. The observed MR ratios of 90% at the maximum are significantly higher than the MR ratios of the inorganic granular films. Our recent X-ray magnetic circular dichroism study revealed that the C60-Co compound in the C60-Co films shows the paramagnetic behaviors due to the spin-polarized states (Co d-spin) derived from the Co 3d orbitals. We found that the T-dependence of the zero-bias MR ratio is represented by considering the similar T-dependence of the spin-polarization(P) of tunneling electrons to the observed T-dependence of the magnetization of the Co d-spin in the C60-Co compound, and by assuming P=100% at low temperature. This result suggests the incorporation of the spin-polarized Co 3d-derived states of the C60-Co compound into the spin-transport process in the granular C60-Co films.

Electronic and spin states analysis of C-Co compounds affecting giant tunneling magnetoresistance effect

Matsumoto, Yoshihiro; Sakai, Seiji; Entani, Shiro; Nakagawa, Takeshi*; Takagi, Yasumasa*; Yokoyama, Toshihiko*; Nagamatsu, Shinichi*; Shimada, Toshihiro*; Naramoto, Hiroshi*; Mitani, Seiji*; et al.

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy of co deposited C-Co thin films

Matsumoto, Yoshihiro; Sakai, Seiji; Entani, Shiro; Nakagawa, Takeshi*; Takagi, Yasumasa*; Nagamatsu, Shinichi*; Yokoyama, Toshihiko*; Shimada, Toshihiro*; Naramoto, Hiroshi*; Mitani, Seiji*; et al.

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Highly spin-polarized tunnel magnetoresistance in granular C-Co films

Sakai, Seiji; Matsumoto, Yoshihiro; Entani, Shiro; Sugai, Isamu*; Takanashi, Koki; Takagi, Yasumasa*; Nakagawa, Takeshi*; Yokoyama, Toshihiko*; Shimada, Toshihiro*; Naramoto, Hiroshi*; et al.

no journal, , 

In the present study, we examine the bias-voltage (V) and temperature (T) dependences of the spin-dependent transport properties of the granular C-Co films (CCo) in the current perpendicular to plane (CPP) geometry for the origin of the large TMR effect. At low T, the CPP samples show much higher MR than the upper limit of TMR (MR = 50%) derived from the Julliere's model. From the I-V characteristics, we evaluated the degree of the higher order tunneling process, as a possible cause of the MR enhancement above MR = 50%, to be 3-7 at low temperatures, which changes depending on the sample composition and device structure. After considering this MR enhancement effect, we can evaluate the spin-polarization of the tunneling electrons generated at the C-Co compound/Co interface. The evaluated values are remarkably high, i.e., P 75% at zero temperature, compared to Co crystal (P = 30%).