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neutron diffraction澤口 孝宏*; 友田 陽*; 吉中 奎貴*; Harjo, S.
Acta Materialia, 242, p.118494_1 - 118494_14, 2023/01
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.04(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Fe-Mn-Si-based alloys, show superior resistance to plastic fatigue compared to the conventional steels, which is ascribed to the reversible back-and-forth movement of Shockley partial dislocations associated with a reversible martensitic transformation between the face-centered cubic 
-austenite and hexagonal close-packed 
-martensite. The purpose of this study was to gather evidence of the reversible martensitic transformation using in situ neutron diffraction under cyclic loading. Three Fe-30Mn-Si-Al alloys with different Gibbs free energy differences at 298 K were studied to unravel the effect of phase stability on the degree of reversibility.
Su, Y. H.; 及川 健一; 篠原 武尚; 甲斐 哲也; 堀野 孝*; 井戸原 修*; 三阪 佳孝*; 友田 陽*
Scientific Reports (Internet), 11, p.4155_1 - 4155_14, 2021/02
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：71.69(Multidisciplinary Sciences)A time-of-flight Bragg-edge neutron transmission imaging was used to investigate the microstructure and strain distributions in a gear hardened by a newly developed two-step induction-heating method: precursor (Sample 1) and final product (Sample 2). The edge- position and edge-broadening were determined and mapped with high spatial resolution, which enabled us to confirm the two-dimensional distributions of the microstructure and residual strain. A deep hardened layer was made for Sample 1 in which martensite was formed on the entire teeth and the outer peripheral portion of the gear body. Sample 2 was subjected to double induction-hardening, where a tempered martensite was formed as the thermal refined microstructure between a fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface and a ferrite-pearlite microstructure at the core. The relationship between edge-broadening and the Vickers hardness described by a linear equation was employed to derive the elastic residual strain. The residual strain map for Sample 2 revealed that a steep compressive strain was introduced into the fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface by the super rapid induction- heating and quenching process. The reversal of tension was speculated to occur below 2 mm from the tooth tip, and the strain was almost zero in the core region.
Wang, Y.*; 友田 陽*; 大村 孝仁*; Gong, W.*; Harjo, S.; 田中 雅彦*
Acta Materialia, 196, p.565 - 575, 2020/09
被引用回数：20 パーセンタイル：89.43(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The continuous and discontinuous yielding behaviors in ferrite-cementite steels were complementarily investigated via nano- and macroscale deformation examinations. The results obtained by electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray, and neutron diffractions indicate that the ferrite-cementite interface of the heat-treated specimen is semi-coherent with a high internal stress field, whereas that of the recrystallized one is incoherent with a low internal stress field. Moreover, coherency strain, which depends on the total area of the ferrite-cementite interface, and thermal strain, which is governed by temperature, are the two factors that influence peak broadening. The nanoindentation tests revealed that the critical loads are significantly lower near the semi-coherent interface than those near the incoherent interface and the ferrite grain boundary; this suggests that dislocations are easily emitted from the semi-coherent interface.
細谷 佳弘*; 松村 雄太*; 友田 陽*; 小貫 祐介*; Harjo, S.
ISIJ International, 60(9), p.2097 - 2106, 2020/09
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：9.41(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)In this paper, the microstructure formation during the R&P process and the deformation mechanism that would bring about the excellent strength-ductility balance are discussed based on the results obtained from the in situ neutron diffraction measurement. The results have revealed that the typical Luders-like stress-strain curve of R&P steel is caused by competitive plastic flow between austenite and martensite, and an effective transformation induced plasticity phenomenon.
友田 陽*; 村上 俊夫*; Wang, Y. X.*; 大村 孝仁*; Harjo, S.; Su, Y. H.; 篠原 武尚
Materials Characterization, 163, p.110243_1 - 110243_8, 2020/05
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：36.1(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)In this study, the effects of carbon concentration and magnetic transition on the austenite lattice parameter of Fe-30Mn-
C alloys were assessed. A linear relationship was obtained between the carbon content and the lattice parameter determined by neutron diffraction and neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging for austenitic steels bearing 0.007-1.20 mass% C. The results obtained through both methods showed good agreement. In addition, carbon partitioning was evaluated in artificially piled-up discs with different carbon contents in order to develop a new technique for advanced multi-phase steels. The analysis of asymmetry and broadening of the diffraction line profile revealed that the carbon partitioning could be determined. In conclusion, the results presented herein expand the current knowledge on the properties of high Mn austenite.
友田 陽*; Wang, Y.*; 大村 孝仁*; 関戸 信彰*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Gong, W.*; 谷山 明*
鉄と鋼, 106(5), p.262 - 271, 2020/05
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)The phase transformation behavior from austenite upon cooling in a 1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.2C steel was monitored using dilatometry, X-ray and neutron diffractions. The starting temperature of ferrite transformation was in good agreement between dilatometry and neutron diffraction, whereas much higher in X-ray diffraction. Such a discrepancy in transformation temperature is attributed to the change in chemical composition near the surface of a specimen heated to elevated temperatures in a helium gas atmosphere for X-ray diffraction. 
neutron diffraction enables us to investigate the changes in lattice constants of ferrite and austenite, which are affected by not only thermal contraction but also transformation strains, thermal misfit strains and carbon enrichment in austenite. Pearlite transformation started after carbon enrichment in austenite reached approximately 0.7 mass% and contributed to diffraction line broadening.
高橋 治*; 渋井 洋平*; 徐 平光; Harjo, S.; 鈴木 徹也*; 友田 陽*
Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 4(1), p.16_1 - 16_15, 2020/03
The characteristics of texture and microstructure of lean duplex stainless steels with low Ni content produced through hot rolling followed by annealing were investigated locally with electron backscatter diffraction and globally with neutron diffraction. Then, the ductile-brittle transition (DBT) behavior was studied by Charpy impact test. It is found that the DBT temperature (DBTT) is strongly affected by the direction of crack propagation, depending on crystallographic texture and microstructural morphology; the DBTT becomes extremely low in the case of fracture accompanying delamination. A high Ni duplex stainless steel examined for comparison, shows a lower DBTT compared with the lean steel in the same crack propagating direction. The obtained results were also discussed through comparing with those of cast duplex stainless steels reported previously (Takahashi et al., Tetsu-to-Hagane, 100(2014), 1150).
細谷 佳弘*; 松村 雄太*; 友田 陽*; 小貫 祐介*; Harjo, S.
鉄と鋼, 106(3), p.154 - 164, 2020/03
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：9.41(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)By using a steel with standardized chemical composition and conventional manufacturing processes for flat-rolled steel strip, a 1,500 MPa class stainless steel sheet, whose product of yield strength (YS) and total elongation (El) exceeds 30,000 MPa%, was developed and its mass production was established. Besides the excellent YS-El balance, the developed steel sheet has excellent performance for not only an anti-secondary work embrittlement but also high cycle fatigue endurance. The microstructure formation during the R&P process and the deformation mechanism that would bring about the excellent strength-ductility balance are discussed based on the results obtained from the in situ neutron diffraction measurement. The results have revealed that the typical Luders-like stress-strain curve of R&P steel is caused by competitive plastic flow between austenite and martensite, and an effective transformation induced plasticity phenomenon.
Wang, Y.*; 友田 陽*; 大村 孝仁*; 諸岡 聡; Gong, W.*; Harjo, S.
Acta Materialia, 184, p.30 - 40, 2020/02
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：87.11(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)A high-intensity and high-resolution neutron diffractometer with a thermomechanically controlled processing simulator was employed in-situ to investigate martensite transformation behavior with and without ausforming for a medium-carbon low-alloy steel. Serial neutron diffraction profiles have revealed that the transformation behavior could be successfully monitored during quenching with and without the ausforming process. The lattice parameter and the full width at half maximum of austenite peaks significantly decreases and increases upon martensite transformation, respectively. After ausforming, the data reveal that lattice parameters are larger in austenite whereas smaller in martensite compared with those in the non-ausformed case, which is ascribed to the introduced dislocations. The cutting-edge operant quantitative measurements with neutron diffraction for steel production is demonstrated.
友田 陽*; 小嶋 真由美*; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.*; 佐藤 成男*; Ung
r, T.*
Materials Science & Engineering A, 743, p.32 - 39, 2019/01
被引用回数：20 パーセンタイル：83.19(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)Heterogeneous plastic deformation behavior of 
oriented individual grains-family with respect to the tensile direction in austenitic steels was studied using electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) and neutron diffraction (ND) measurements. The kernel averaged misorientation value determined by EBSD for a plastically deformed specimen was different in grain to grain, suggesting different dislocation densities. Such insights obtained from the surface observations with EBSD were quantitatively evaluated as bulk-averaged data using ND. The convolutional multiple whole profile fitting (CMWP) for ND profiles has revealed different dislocation densities in oriented grains-families, showing good coincidence with the EBSD results in trend.
及川 健一; Su, Y.; 鬼柳 亮嗣; 川崎 卓郎; 篠原 武尚; 甲斐 哲也; 廣井 孝介; Harjo, S.; Parker, J. D.*; 松本 吉弘*; et al.
Physica B; Condensed Matter, 551, p.436 - 442, 2018/12
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：18.48(Physics, Condensed Matter)We are promoting for practical product observation by the energy-resolved neutron imaging method using high-intensity pulsed neutrons at J-PARC, under the Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. Bragg edge imaging, one of the energy-resolved neutron imaging methods for visualizing material properties, was applied to feasibility study of the temperature distribution of copper rod, complementary study of the texture and strain distribution of bent steel plates using neutron diffraction and EBSD, and so on. Outline of results obtained by these imaging experiments will be presented.
徐 平光; Harjo, S.; 小島 真由美*; 鈴木 裕士; 伊藤 崇芳*; Gong, W.; Vogel, S. C.*; 井上 純哉*; 友田 陽*; 相澤 一也; et al.
Journal of Applied Crystallography, 51(3), p.746 - 760, 2018/06
被引用回数：21 パーセンタイル：90.58(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)Neutron diffraction texture measurements provide bulk textures with excellent grain statistics even for large grained materials, together with the crystallographic parameters and microstructure information such as phase fractions, coherent crystallite size, root mean square microstrain, macroscopic/intergranular stress/strain. The procedure for high stereographic resolution texture and residual stress evaluation was established at the TAKUMI engineering materials diffractometer. The pole figure evaluation of a limestone standard sample with a trigonal crystal structure suggested that the obtained precision for texture measurement is comparable with the oversea well-established neutron beam lines utilized for texture measurements. A high strength martensite-austenite multilayered steel was employed for further verification of the reliability of simultaneous Rietveld analysis of multiphase textures and macro stress tensors. By using a geometric mean micro-mechanical model, the macro stress tensor analysis with a plane stress assumption showed a RD-TD in-plane compressive stress (about -330 MPa) in martensite layers and a RD-TD in-plane tensile stress (about 320 MPa) in austenite layers. The phase stress partitioning was ascribed to the additive effect of volume expansion during martensite transformation and the linear contraction misfit during water quenching.
佐藤 成男*; 黒田 あす美*; 佐藤 こずえ*; 熊谷 正芳*; Harjo, S.; 友田 陽*; 齋藤 洋一*; 轟 秀和*; 小貫 祐介*; 鈴木 茂*
鉄と鋼, 104(4), p.201 - 207, 2018/00
被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：47.25(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)To investigate the characteristics of dislocation evolution in ferritic and austenitic stainless steels under tensile deformation, neutron diffraction line-profile analysis was carried out. The austenitic steel exhibited higher work hardening than the ferritic steel. The difference in the work hardening ability between the two steels was explained with the dislocation density estimated by the line-profile analysis. The higher dislocation density of the austenitic steel would originate from its lower stacking fault energy. Dislocation arrangement parameters indicated that the strength of interaction between dislocations in the austenitic steel was stronger than that in the ferritic steel.
友田 陽*; 関戸 信彰*; 徐 平光; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.; 田中 雅彦*; 篠原 武尚; Su, Y.; 谷山 明*
鉄と鋼, 103(10), p.570 - 578, 2017/10
被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：56.33(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)Various methods were employed to measure the austenite volume fraction in a 1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.2C steel. It has been confirmed that the volume fractions determined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/electron back scatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction exhibit a general trend to become larger in this order, although the values obtained by X-ray and neutron diffraction are similar in the present steel because austenite is relatively stable. The austenite volume fractions determined by diffraction methods have been found to be affected by the measuring specimen direction, i.e., texture, even by applying the conventional correcting procedure. To avoid this influence, it is recommended to measure both of volume fraction and texture simultaneously using neutron diffraction. Although synchrotron X-ray shows higher angle resolution, its small incident beam size brings poor statistic reliability. The influence of texture cannot be avoided for transmission Bragg edge measurement, either, which must be overcome to realize 2D or 3D volume fraction mapping.
neutron diffraction line profile analysisHarjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 友田 陽*; Gong, W.*; 相澤 一也; Tichy, G.*; Shi, Z.*; Ungr, T.*
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 48(9), p.4080 - 4092, 2017/09
被引用回数：34 パーセンタイル：87.26(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary) neutron diffraction during tensile deformation of lath martensite steel containing 0.22 mass% of carbon, is performed using TAKUMI of J-PARC. The diffraction peaks at plastically deformed states exhibit asymmetries as the reflection of redistributions of the stress and dislocation densities/arrangements in lath-packets where the dislocation glides are favorable (soft packet) and unfavorable (hard packet). The dislocation density is as high as 10
m
at the as-quenched state, and then during tensile straining, the load and the dislocation density become different between the two lath-packets. The dislocation character and arrangement vary also in the hard packet, but hardly change in the soft packet. The hard packet plays an important role in the high work hardening in martensite, which could be understood by taking into account not only the increase of the dislocation density but also the change in dislocation arrangement.
Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 友田 陽*; Gong, W.
Materials Science Forum, 905, p.46 - 51, 2017/08
To understand the strengthening mechanism of a metallic material with high dislocation density, the plastic deformation behavior of lath martensite was studied by means of in situ neutron diffraction measurements during tensile deformations using a 22SiMn2TiB steel and a Fe-18Ni alloy. The characteristics of dislocation were analyzed and were discussed with the relation of stress-strain curves. The dislocation densities induced by martensitic transformation during heat-treatment in both materials were found to be originally as high as 10 m order, and subsequently to increase slightly by the tensile deformation. The parameter M value which displays the dislocation arrangement dropped drastically at the beginning of plastic deformation in both materials, indicating that the random arrangement became more like a dipole arrangement.
友田 陽*; 佐藤 成男*; Uchida, M.*; 徐 平光; Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎
Materials Science Forum, 905, p.25 - 30, 2017/08
Microstructural change during hot compressive deformation at 700 
C followed by isothermal annealing for a Fe-32Ni austnitic alloy was monitored using neutron diffraction. The evolution of deformation texture with 40% compression and its change to recrystallization texture during isothermal annealing were presented by inverse pole figures for the axial and radial directions. The change in dislocation density was tracked using the convolutional muli-profile whole profile fitting method. To obtain the fitting results with good statistics, at least 60 s time-slicing for the event-mode recorded data was needed. The average dislocation density in 60 s after hot compression was determined to be 2.8 
10
m that decreased with increasing of annealing time.
Su, Y.; 及川 健一; 篠原 武尚; 甲斐 哲也; 廣井 孝介; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Gong, W.; Zhang, S. Y.*; Parker, J. D.*; et al.
Physics Procedia, 88, p.42 - 49, 2017/06
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：81.64The influences of bending deformation and subsequent subzero treatment on the martensite transformation behaviors in a metastable austenitic alloy Fe-25Ni-0.4C were investigated by the time-of-flight (TOF) neutron Bragg-edge transmission (BET) imaging method. Two-dimensional (2D) maps of martensite phase volume fractions and texture variations due to residual stress and lowering the temperature of the bent samples before and after subzero treatment were obtained by Bragg-edge spectral analysis. The obtained phase volume fractions were quantitatively compared with those determined by neutron diffraction.
徐 平光; 友田 陽*; 新垣 優; Harjo, S.; 末吉 仁*
Materials Characterization, 127, p.104 - 110, 2017/05
被引用回数：35 パーセンタイル：94.01(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The volume fractions of austenite (
) in TRIP steels were evaluated using time-of-flight neutron diffraction through four methods. They include the analysis method with random texture assumption, the correction method of (
) peak intensities, the Rietveld refinement method using the summed spectrum without distinguishing the specimen orientations, and the combined Rietveld analysis method for textures and volume fractions. It was found that for a near-random spectrum obtained by the summation of all the measured neutron spectra, the Rietveld refinement provided a satisfactory precision for . Moreover, the precision was further improved through the combined Rietveld analysis method. If the texture measurement is unavailable, it is suggested to measure the neutron spectrum along the transverse direction, and to analyze the using conventional correction method of () peak intensities. It was also confirmed that the increment of evidently improved the combinations of tensile strength and uniform elongation (TSUEl).
neutron diffraction友田 陽*; Gong, W.*; Harjo, S.; 篠崎 智也*
Scripta Materialia, 133, p.79 - 82, 2017/05
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：70.94(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)The microstructure evolution during reverse transformation of a Cr-Ni-Mo steel consisting of tempered lath martensite and Cr carbide was examined using neutron diffraction at high temperatures. The microstructural change from a reversed coarse-grained structure to a fine-grained polygonal structure by further annealing was monitored through a decrease in the diffraction intensity caused by primary extinction and the full width at half maximum. This result is different from that for a bainite steel, showing good coincidence with the observations using electron back scatter diffraction.
