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Journal Articles

Elemental analysis and radioactivity evaluation of aerosols generated during heating of simulated fuel debris; The Urasol project in the framework of Fukushima Daiichi fuel debris removal

Tsubota, Yoichi; Porcheron, E.*; Journeau, C.*; Delacroix, J.*; Suteau, C.*; Lallot, Y.*; Bouland, A.*; Roulet, D.*; Mitsugi, Takeshi

Proceedings of International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management (ICEM2023) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2023/10

https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEM2023-110064

In order to safely remove fuel debris from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate radioactive airborne particulate generated by the cutting of nuclear fuel debris. We fabricated Uranium-bearing simulated fuel debris (SFD) with In/Ex-Vessel compositions and evaluated the physical and chemical properties of aerosols generated by heating the SFDs. Based on these results, we estimated the isotopic composition and radioactivity of aerosols produced when 1F-Unit2 fuel debris is laser cut, which is a typical example of a heating method. Plutonium, mainly $$^{238}$$Pu,$$^{241}$$Am, and $$^{244}$$Cm were found to be the alpha nuclide, and $$^{241}$$Pu, $$^{137}$$Cs-Ba, and $$^{90}$$Sr-Y were found to be the beta nuclide of interest.

Journal Articles

Aerosol characterization during heating and mechanical cutting of simulated uranium containing debris; The URASOL project in the framework of Fukushima Daiichi fuel debris removal

Porcheron, E.*; Journeau, C.*; Delacroix, J.*; Berlemont, R.*; Bouland, A.*; Lallot, Y.*; Tsubota, Yoichi; Ikeda, Atsushi; Mitsugi, Takeshi

Proceedings of International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management (ICEM2023) (Internet), 5 Pages, 2023/10

https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEM2023-110133

Results of the URASOL project aimed at evaluating the generation and dispersion of radioactive aerosols during the cutting of fuel debris, a key issue in the decommissioning of the damaged reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), are presented in this report. Characterization of aerosols generated during heating and mechanical cutting of simulated fuel debris in terms of mass concentration, real-time number density, mass-based particle size distribution, morphology, and chemical properties is reported. In the heating tests, an increase in particle size with increasing temperature was observed, and in terms of particle number density, the case using depleted uranium simulated fuel debris had a smaller number density than the test using Hf-containing simulated fuel debris. In mechanical cleavage, the aerodynamic median mass diameter of the aerosol was almost the same for the radioactive and non-radioactive samples (about 3.7$$sim$$4.4 $$mu$$m).

Journal Articles

In-situ alpha aerosol monitoring in harsh environments

Tsubota, Yoichi

Isotope News, (787), p.28 - 31, 2023/06

In the fuel debris retrieval process during the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), radioactive particulates are generated in the primary containment vessel (PCV). Particulates containing $$alpha$$ nuclides ($$alpha$$-aerosols), which have a particularly large internal exposure effect, are important to be monitored in addition to confinement measures in the PCV. The research group of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) summarized the four requirements for measuring $$alpha$$-aerosols in the harsh environment of the 1F-PCV as follows: "reliable operation in a high humidity environment", "measurement of $$alpha$$-aerosols without using filter paper", "measurement of high concentration of $$alpha$$-aerosols", and "selective measurement of $$alpha$$-aerosols". The IAAM was developed as an instrument that satisfies these four criteria. The IAAM was developed as an "in-situ" $$alpha$$-aerosol measurement device that combines air heating, a flat-type flow path, direct measurement of $$alpha$$-aerosol, usage of multi-channel photomultiplier tube, and an optimized scintillator thickness. Performance verification tests have demonstrated that the IAAM can be used for real-time measurement of $$alpha$$ -aerosol concentration in air, and that it can measure more than 30 times of $$alpha$$-aerosol concentration expected in the 1F-PCV. In the future, we will continue to verify the measurement of $$alpha$$-aerosol concentration at various sites and aim to apply the system to such sites.

Journal Articles

Aerosol characterization during heating and mechanical cutting of simulated uranium containing debris; The URASOL project in the framework of Fukushima Daiichi fuel debris removal

Porcheron, E.*; Leblois, Y.*; Journeau, C.*; Delacroix, J.*; Molina, D.*; Suteau, C.*; Berlemont, R.*; Bouland, A.*; Lallot, Y.*; Roulet, D.*; et al.

Proceedings of International Topical Workshop on Fukushima Decommissioning Research (FDR2022) (Internet), 5 Pages, 2022/10

One of the important challenges for the decommissioning of the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F) is the fuel debris retrieval. The URASOL project, which is undertaken by a French consortium consisting of ONET Technologies, CEA, and IRSN for JAEA/CLADS, is dedicated to acquiring basic scientific data on the generation and characteristics of radioactive aerosols from the thermal or mechanical processing of fuel debris simulant. Heating process undertaken in the VITAE facility simulates some representative conditions of thermal cutting by LASER. For mechanical cutting, the core boring technique is implemented in the FUJISAN facility. Fuel debris simulants have been developed for inactive and active trials. The aerosols are characterized in terms of mass concentration, real time number concentration, mass size distribution, morphology, and chemical properties. The chemical characterization aims at identifying potential radioactive particles released and the associated size distribution, both of which are important information for assessing possible safety and radioprotection measures during the fuel debris retrieval operations at 1F.

Journal Articles

Experiences from the cutting of metallic blocks from simulant Fukushima Daiichi fuel debris

Journeau, C.*; Molina, D.*; Brackx, E.*; Berlemont, R.*; Tsubota, Yoichi

Proceedings of International Topical Workshop on Fukushima Decommissioning Research (FDR2022) (Internet), 5 Pages, 2022/10

CEA has manufactured a series of Fukushima Daiichi fuel debris simulants, either with depleted uranium oxide or with hafnium oxide as a surrogate of UO$$_{2}$$. In ex-vessel compositions resulting from an interaction between corium and concrete, the oxidic phase density becomes lighter than that of the metallic phase, which segregates at the bottom. Three of these metallic phases have been mechanically cut at CEA Cadarache with handsaw and with core boring tool in FUJISAN facility. It appeared that two of these metallic blocks were extremely hard to cut (one from a fabrication with uranium oxide, the other from a simulant block) while the last one was more easily cut. The similarities and differences in metallographic analyses (SEM-EDS and XRD) of these three metal blocks will be presented and discussed. This experience provides useful learnings in view of the cutting and retrieval of fuel debris from Fukushima Daiichi.

Journal Articles

Development of an ${it in-situ}$ continuous air monitor for the measurement of highly radioactive alpha-emitting particulates ($$alpha$$-aerosols) under high humidity environment

Tsubota, Yoichi; Honda, Fumiya; Tokonami, Shinji*; Tamakuma, Yuki*; Nakagawa, Takahiro; Ikeda, Atsushi

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 1030, p.166475_1 - 166475_7, 2022/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.166475
 Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：33.4(Instruments & Instrumentation)

In the long-lasting decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), the dismantling of nuclear fuel debris (NFD) remaining in the damaged reactors is an unavoidable but significant issue with many technical difficulties. The dismantling is presumed to involve mechanical cutting, generating significant concentrations of particulates containing $$alpha$$-radionuclides ($$alpha$$-aerosols) that pose significant health risk upon inhalation. In order to minimize the radiation exposure of workers with $$alpha$$-aerosols during the dismantling/decommissioning process at 1F, it is essential to monitor the concentration of $$alpha$$-aerosols at the point of initial generation, i.e. inside the primary containment vessels (PCV) of the damaged reactors. Toward this end, an ${it in situ}$ monitoring system for $$alpha$$-aerosols (${it in situ}$ alpha air monitor: IAAM) was developed and its technical performance was investigated under the conditions expected for the actual environments at 1F. IAAM was confirmed to fulfill four technical requirements: (1) steady operation under high humidity, (2) operation without using filters, (3) capability of measuring a high counting rate of $$alpha$$-radiation, and (4) selective measurement of $$alpha$$-radiation even under high radiation background with $$beta$$/$$gamma$$-rays. IAAM is capable of selectively measuring $$alpha$$-aerosols with a concentration of 3.3 $$times$$ 10$$^{2}$$ Bq/cm$$^{3}$$ or higher without saturation under a high humid environment (100%-relative humidity) and under high background with $$beta$$/$$gamma$$-radiation (up to 100 mSv/h of $$gamma$$-radiation). These results demonstrate promising potential of IAAM to be utilized as a reliable monitoring system for $$alpha$$-aerosols during the dismantling of NFD, as well as the whole long-lasting decommissioning of 1F.

Journal Articles

Joint meeting of young researchers in the field of radiation protection and radiation biology

Kataoka, Noriaki*; Nakajima, Junya; Miwa, Kazuji; Hirota, Seiko*; Tsubota, Yoichi; Yamada, Ryohei; Fujimichi, Yuki*; Ishikawa, Junya*; Sunaoshi, Masaaki*

Hoken Butsuri (Internet), 54(2), p.140 - 145, 2019/06

https://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.54.140

It is the written report of the joint meeting of young researchers in the field of radiation protection and radiation biology.

Journal Articles

Criteria for performance evaluation and numerical verification to shock-resistant design of buildings

Nishida, Akemi; Mukai, Yoichi*; Hamamoto, Takuji*; Kushibe, Atsumichi*; Komuro, Masato*; Ohashi, Yasuhiro*; Obi, Hirotoshi*; Tsubota, Haruji

Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Shock and Impact Loads on Structures (SI 2017) (USB Flash Drive), p.379 - 388, 2017/06

Some design examples are presented to evaluate the shock-resistant performance of target buildings to confirm the applicability of the design criteria of AIJ guideline. Dynamic analyses are performed using SDOF model of an individual member on which an impulsive load is acting. Furthermore, analyses are performed using finite element model for the same member, and the results are compared to the results of the corresponding SDOF model for validation. Frame building structure model which is supposed to be located at the corner of a crossroad is investigated as an example. Dynamic responses and the corresponding damage states are illustrated for this building subjected to shock loads due to road vehicle crashes. As a non-structure member case, examples of window glass destruction subjected to internal and external gas explosions are presented.

Journal Articles

Performance comparison of scintillators for alpha particle detectors

Morishita, Yuki; Yamamoto, Seiichi*; Izaki, Kenji; Kaneko, Junichi*; Toi, Kohei*; Tsubota, Yoichi*; Higuchi, Mikio*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 764, p.383 - 386, 2014/11

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.07.046
 Times Cited Count：36 Percentile：93.56(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Journal Articles

Development of a Si-PM based alpha camera for plutonium detection in nuclear fuel facilities

Morishita, Yuki; Yamamoto, Seiichi*; Izaki, Kenji; Kaneko, Junichi*; Toi, Kohei*; Tsubota, Yoichi*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 747, p.81 - 86, 2014/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.12.052
 Times Cited Count：40 Percentile：94.83(Instruments & Instrumentation)

Alpha particles are monitored for detecting nuclear fuel material (i.e., plutonium and uranium) at nuclear fuel facilities. In this study, we developed a new alpha-particle imaging system by combining an Si-PM array, which is insensitive to noise, with a Ce-doped Gd$$_{3}$$Al$$_{2}$$Ga$$_{3}$$O$$_{12}$$ (GAGG) scintillator, and evaluated our developed system's fundamental performance. The scintillator was 0.1-mm thick, and the light guide was 3.0 mm thick. An $$^{241}$$Am source was used for all the measurements. We evaluated the spatial resolution by taking an image of a resolution chart. A 1.6 lp/mm slit was clearly resolved, and the spatial resolution was estimated to be less than 0.6-mm FWHM. The energy resolution was 13% FWHM. A slight distortion was observed in the image, and the uniformity near its center was within 24%. We conclude that our developed alpha-particle imaging system is promising for plutonium detection at nuclear fuel facilities.

Journal Articles

Momentum-resolved charge excitations in high-$$T$$$$_{rm c}$$ cuprates studied by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering

Ishii, Kenji; Hoesch, M.*; Inami, Toshiya; Kuzushita, Kaori*; Owada, Kenji; Tsubota, Masami; Murakami, Yoichi; Mizuki, Junichiro; Endo, Yasuo; Tsutsui, Kenji*; et al.

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 69(12), p.3118 - 3124, 2008/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.06.041
 Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：18.13(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

Journal Articles

Resonant X-ray scattering of PrRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$

Ishii, Kenji; Tsutsui, Satoshi*; Hao, L.*; Hasegawa, Tomoo*; Iwasa, Kazuaki*; Tsubota, Masami; Inami, Toshiya; Murakami, Yoichi*; Saha, S. R.*; Sugawara, Hitoshi*; et al.

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 310(2, Part1), p.e178 - e180, 2007/03

PrRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$ shows a metal-insulator (MI) transition at $$T_{mathrm MI} simeq$$ 62 K accompanied by a structural phase transition. Because LaRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$ without $$4f$$ electrons does not shows the MI transition, $$4f$$ electrons in the Pr atom plays an important role in the transition. In order to elucidate a modulation of electronic states of Pr, we have carried out a resonant X-ray scattering study of PrRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$ at Pr $$L_2$$- and $$L_3$$-edges. Below $$T_{mathrm MI}$$, resonant signal at the absorption main-edge was successfully observed at the superlattice reflections of the modulation vector $$vec{q}=(1,0,0)$$ in addition to the energy-independent component from the lattice distortion. Because the reflection contains the difference of anomalous scattering factors between two Pr atoms in the unit cell, two different electronic states are actually ordered below $$T_{MI}$$. Furthermore we found that the polarization of X-ray is mostly unrotated even at the resonance, which indicates that the resonant scattering in PrRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$ is almost isotropic.

Journal Articles

Doping Momentum dependence of charge dynamics in Nd$$_{2-x}$$Ce$$_{x}$$CuO$$_4$$ (x=0, 0.075, and 0.15) studied by Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering

Ishii, Kenji; Tsutsui, Kenji*; Endo, Yasuo*; Toyama, Takami*; Maekawa, Sadamichi*; Hoesch, M.; Kuzushita, Kaori; Inami, Toshiya; Tsubota, Masami; Yamada, Kazuyoshi*; et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 850, p.403 - 404, 2006/09

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2354756

We report a resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) study of charge excitations in the electron-doped high-$$T_{c}$$ superconductor Nd$$_{1.85}$$Ce$$_{0.15}$$CuO$$_4$$. The intraband and interband excitations across the Fermi energy are separated for the first time by tuning the experimental conditions properly to measure charge excitations at low energy. A dispersion relation with $${mathbf q}$$-dependent width emerges clearly in the intraband excitation, while the intensity of the interband excitation is concentrated around 2 eV near the zone center. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculation of the RIXS spectra based on the Hubbard model.

Journal Articles

Induced orbital polarization of Ga ligand atoms in U$$T$$Ga$$_5$$ ($$T$$=Ni, Pd, and Pt)

Kuzushita, Kaori*; Ishii, Kenji; Wilkins, S. B.*; Janousova, B.*; Inami, Toshiya; Owada, Kenji; Tsubota, Masami; Murakami, Yoichi; Kaneko, Koji; Metoki, Naoto; et al.

Physical Review B, 73(10), p.104431_1 - 104431_5, 2006/03

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.73.104431
 Times Cited Count：8 Percentile：38.44(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

We report a resonant X-ray scattering study of antiferromagnetic uranium compounds U$$T$$Ga$$_5$$ ($$T$$=Ni, Pd, and Pt) at the Ga $$K$$-edge. A large resonant signal is observed below the N$'e$el temperatures. The azimuth dependence in both $$pi$$-$$pi'$$ and $$pi$$-$$sigma'$$ polarization channels establishes that the resonant signal has the symmetry of the magnetic dipole. This resonance with the band electrons is interpreted within a semi-localized model as an orbital polarization of the Ga $$4p$$ states induced through strong hybridization with U $$5f$$ valence level. These results demonstrate that resonant magnetic X-ray scattering at the anions, taken in combination with symmetry arguments, can be used to determine the configuration of the U $$5f$$ moments and provide information about the hybridization.

Journal Articles

Quest for the high-filed phase of CdCr$$_2$$O$$_4$$ using an X-ray diffraction technique

Inami, Toshiya; Owada, Kenji; Tsubota, Masami; Murata, Yuto*; Matsuda, Yasuhiro*; Nojiri, Hiroyuki*; Ueda, Hiroaki*; Murakami, Yoichi*

Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 51, p.502 - 505, 2006/00

https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/51/1/114
 Times Cited Count：16 Percentile：97.58(Physics, Condensed Matter)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Magnetic-field-induced transition in the lattice modulation of colossal magnetoelectric GdMnO$$_3$$ and TbMnO$$_3$$ compounds

Arima, Takahisa*; Goto, Tsuyoshi*; Yamazaki, Yuichi*; Miyasaka, Shigeki*; Ishii, Kenji; Tsubota, Masami; Inami, Toshiya; Murakami, Yoichi*; Tokura, Yoshinori*

Physical Review B, 72(10), p.100102_1 - 100102_4, 2005/09

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.100102
 Times Cited Count：129 Percentile：95.45(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements in strong magnetic fields have been performed for magnetoelectric compounds GdMnO$$_3$$ and TbMnO$$_3$$. It has been found that the ${bf P}$//a ferroelectric phase induced by the application of a magnetic field at low temperatures is characterized by commensurate lattice modulation along the orthorhombic ${it b}$ axis with q=1/2 and q=1/4. The lattice modulation is ascribed to antiferromagnetic spin alignment with a modulation vector of (0 1/4 1). The change of the spin structure is directly correlated with the magnetic-field-induced electric phase transition, because any commensurate spin modulation with (0 1/4 1) should break glide planes normal to the ${it a}$ axis of the distorted perovskite with the space group.

Journal Articles

Momentum dependence of charge excitations in the electron-doped superconductor Nd$$_{1.85}$$Ce$$_{0.15}$$CuO$$_4$$; A Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering study

Ishii, Kenji; Tsutsui, Kenji*; Endo, Yasuo*; Toyama, Takami*; Maekawa, Sadamichi*; Hoesch, M.; Kuzushita, Kaori; Tsubota, Masami; Inami, Toshiya; Mizuki, Junichiro; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 94(20), p.207003_1 - 207003_4, 2005/05

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.207003
 Times Cited Count：72 Percentile：89.21(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

We report a resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) study of charge excitations in the electron-doped high-$$T_{c}$$ superconductor Nd$$_{1.85}$$Ce$$_{0.15}$$CuO$$_4$$. The intraband and interband excitations across the Fermi energy are separated for the first time by tuning the experimental conditions properly to measure charge excitations at low energy. A dispersion relation with $${mathbf q}$$-dependent width emerges clearly in the intraband excitation, while the intensity of the interband excitation is concentrated around 2 eV near the zone center. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculation of the RIXS spectra based on the Hubbard model.

Oral presentation

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in strongly correlated electron systems

Ishii, Kenji; Tsutsui, Kenji*; Endo, Yasuo*; Toyama, Takami*; Inami, Toshiya; Owada, Kenji; Kuzushita, Kaori*; Hoesch, M.; Tsubota, Masami; Mizuki, Junichiro; et al.

no journal, , 

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering studies on high-$$T_c$$ superconductors Nd$$_{2-x}$$Ce$$_x$$CuO$$_4$$ and YBa$$_2$$Cu$$_3$$O$$_{6+x}$$ are presented. In Nd$$_2$$CuO$$_4$$ and YBa$$_2$$Cu$$_3$$O$$_6$$, which are Mott insulators, an excitation across the Mott gap is observed around 2 eV. The spectral weight of this excitation shifts to higher energy with increasing the momentum transfer and the dispersion of the excitation is larger along the $$[pi,pi]$$ direction than the $$[pi,0]$$ direction. An intraband excitation in the upper Hubbard band emerges in the spectra of electron-doped Nd$$_{1.85}$$Ce$$_{0.15}$$CuO$$_4$$. As a function of the momentum transfer in the CuO$$_2$$ plane, the excitation shifts to higher energy up to 2-2.5 eV at the zone boundary, accompanied by an increase of the spectral width. On the other hand, excitations from two inequivalent Cu sites in hole-doped YBa$$_2$$Cu$$_3$$O$$_7$$ are distinguished by the momentum dependence and the Mott gap of the CuO chain site is found to be much smaller than that of the CuO$$_2$$ plane site.

Oral presentation

Resonant X-ray scattering of PrRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$

Ishii, Kenji; Tsubota, Masami; Inami, Toshiya; Tsutsui, Satoshi*; Hao, L.*; Hasegawa, Tomoo*; Iwasa, Kazuaki*; Murakami, Yoichi; Sugawara, Hitoshi*; Saha, S. R.*; et al.

no journal, , 

PrRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$ shows a metal-insulator (MI) transition at $$T_{mathrm MI} simeq$$ 62 K accompanied by a structural phase transition. Because LaRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$ without $$4f$$ electrons does not shows the MI transition, $$4f$$ electrons in the Pr atom plays an important role in the transition. In order to elucidate a modulation of electronic states of Pr, we have carried out a resonant X-ray scattering study of PrRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$ at Pr $$L_2$$- and $$L_3$$-edges. Below $$T_{mathrm MI}$$, resonant signal at the absorption main-edge was successfully observed at the superlattice reflections of the modulation vector $$vec{q}=(1,0,0)$$ in addition to the energy-independent component from the lattice distortion. Because the reflection contains the difference of anomalous scattering factors between two Pr atoms in the unit cell, two different electronic states are actually ordered below $$T_{MI}$$. Furthermore we found that the polarization of X-ray is mostly unrotated even at the resonance, which indicates that the resonant scattering in PrRu$$_4$$P$$_{12}$$ is almost isotropic.

Oral presentation

Resonant X-ray scattering near the L-edge for chromium

Tsubota, Masami; Inami, Toshiya; Smadici, S.*; Abbamonte, P.*; Murakami, Yoichi*; Mizuki, Junichiro

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

46 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)