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neutron diffraction studyGong, W.; 川崎 卓郎; Zheng, R.*; 眞山 剛*; Sun, B.*; 相澤 一也; Harjo, S.; 辻 伸泰*
Scripta Materialia, 225, p.115161_1 - 115161_5, 2023/03
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.03(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)Deformation behavior during uniaxial compression at 21 K and 298 K in a commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy was studied by 
neutron diffraction. Decreasing the deformation temperature resulted in a slight increase in yield stress (115 MPa 
139 MPa), but a remarkable enhancement in both the fracture stress (365 MPa 551 MPa) and fracture strain (12.8% 16.5%). The low temperature sensitivity of the {10
2} extension twinning which governed the macroscopic yielding led to the slight increase in yield stress. At 21K, basal slip was suppressed, while the extension twinning was promoted resulted in higher twin volume fraction. In the late stage of deformation, the {101}-{102} double twinning was suppressed, which is considered to be the reason to delay the fracture at 21 K.
Chong, Y.*; Gholizadeh, R.*; 都留 智仁; Zhang, R.*; 井上 耕治*; Gao, W.*; Godfrey, A.*; 光原 昌寿*; Morris, J. W. Jr.*; Minor, A. M.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 14, p.404_1 - 404_11, 2023/02
チタンは格子間酸素によって脆化する。特に極低温では顕著な脆化挙動を示すため、チタンやその合金の製造において酸素含有量を厳しく管理する必要がある。この問題を解決するために、我々は結晶粒の微細化という構造戦略を提案した。77Kで非常に脆い粗粒の組織と比較して、Ti-0.3wt.%Oの超微細粒(UFG)組織(粒径
2.0
m)は、UFG組織特有の超高降伏強度を維持したまま均一延びを1桁上昇させることに成功した。UFG Ti-0.3wt.%Oにおけるこの特異な強度-延性相乗効果は、粒界凝集エネルギー向上に寄与する希薄な酸素の粒界偏析と優れたひずみ硬化能に寄与する
転位の活性化の複合効果によって達成された。この方法は、低温での高強度Ti-O合金の応用の可能性を高めるだけでなく、格子間固溶硬化による延性の低下を生じる他の合金系にも適用できる可能性がある。
observation of twinning and detwinning in AZ31 alloyGong, W.; Zheng, R.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 相澤 一也; 辻 伸泰*
Journal of Magnesium and Alloys (Internet), 10(12), p.3418 - 3432, 2022/12
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：89.94(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)Twinning and detwinning behavior of a commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy during cyclic compression-tension deformation with a total strain amplitude of 4% (
2%) was evaluated using the complementary techniques of neutron diffraction, identical area electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. In-situ neutron diffraction demonstrates that the compressive deformation was dominated by twin nucleation, twin growth, and basal slip, while detwinning dominated the unloading of compressive stresses and subsequent tension stage. A large number of 
-component dislocations observed in twins and the detwinned regions were attributed to the dislocation transmutation during the twinning and detwinning. The accumulation of barriers including twin boundaries and various types of dislocations enhanced the interactions of migrating twin boundary with these barriers during twinning and detwinning, which is considered to be the origin for increasing the work hardening rate in cyclic deformation of the AZ31 alloy.
Chong, Y.*; 都留 智仁; Guo, B.*; Gholizadeh, R.*; 井上 耕治*; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 240, p.118356_1 - 118356_15, 2022/11
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：54.24(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)本研究では、室温でのチタンの引張特性と変形挙動に及ぼす窒素含有量と結晶粒径の影響を体系的に調査した。巨大ひずみ加工と焼鈍により、超高降伏強度(1.04GPa)と大きな均一伸び(10%)の前例のない相乗効果を組み合わせた、完全再結晶微細構造を備えた超微細粒(UFG)Ti-0.3wt.%N合金が得られた。Ti-0.3wt.%N合金の硬化およびひずみ硬化メカニズムは、変形下部構造の観察と第一原理計算によって包括的に研究された。UFG Ti-0.3wt.%Nの優れた強度/延性バランスへの窒素の寄与は2倍であることが明らかになった。粒子内の窒素原子は、八面体から六面体のサイトへの窒素のシャッフルにより、角柱面上の
転位の運動を強く妨げ、純Tiの6倍の摩擦応力の増加を引き起こした。さらに、Ti-0.3wt.%N合金の柱面と錐面の間の積層欠陥エネルギー差が大幅に減少することで、転位の活性化が容易になり、ひずみ硬化率の向上に寄与した。我々の実験的および理論的計算研究は、延性を大幅に犠牲にすることなく手頃な価格の高強度チタンの設計に関する知見を与える。
neutron diffraction and electron microscopy studyZheng, R.*; Gong, W.; Du, J.-P.*; Gao, S.*; Liu, M.*; Li, G.*; 川崎 卓郎; Harjo, S.; Ma, C.*; 尾方 成信*; et al.
Acta Materialia, 238, p.118243_1 - 118243_15, 2022/10
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：84.51(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Grain refinement can lead to the strengthening of metallic materials according to the Hall-Petch relationship. However, our recent results suggested that grain boundary sliding is the dominant deformation mode in bulk ultrafine grained (UFG) pure Mg at room temperature, leading to softening. Here, for the first time, we report that the Hall-Petch strengthening can be regained in bulk UFG pure Mg at cryogenic temperature. At 77K, the UFG pure Mg with a mean grain size of 0.6 m exhibited ultrahigh tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 309 MPa and 380 MPa, respectively. Combined neutron diffraction and electron microscopy investigation indicated that residual dislocation structures and deformation twins hardly formed in the UFG specimen during tensile test at 298K. In contrast, fast accumulation of lattice defects and remarkable reorientation were evident at 77K, suggesting that the grain-boundary-mediated process was suppressed and the plastic deformation was dominated by dislocation slip and deformation twinning. In addition, all the pure Mg specimens exhibited pronounced strain hardening at 77 K, which was mainly attributed to the suppressed grain boundary sliding and dynamic recovery. The mean dislocation density and relative fractions of dislocations with various Burgers vectors of the UFG specimen deformed at 77K were determined quantitatively from neutron diffraction data.
Liu, M.*; Gong, W.; Zheng, R.*; Li, J.*; Zhang, Z.*; Gao, S.*; Ma, C.*; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 226, p.117629_1 - 117629_13, 2022/03
被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：98.71(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)One hopeful path to realize good comprehensive mechanical properties in metallic materials is to accomplish homogeneous nanocrystalline (NC) or ultrafine grained (UFG) structure with low dislocation density. In this work, high pressure torsion deformation followed by appropriate annealing was performed on 316 stainless steel (SS). For the first time, we successfully obtained NC/UFG 316 SS having uniform microstructures with various average grain sizes ranging from 46 nm to 2.54 m and low dislocation densities. Among the series, an un-precedentedly high yield strength (2.34 GPa) was achieved at the smallest grain size of 46 nm, in which dislocation scarcity induced hardening accounting for 57% of the strength. On the other hand, exceptional strength-ductility synergy with high yield strength (900 MPa) and large uniform elongation (27%) was obtained in the fully recrystallized specimen having the grain size of 0.38 m. The high yield stress and scarcity of dislocation sources in recrystallized UFGs activated stacking faults and deformation twins nucleating from grain boundaries during straining, and their interaction with dislocations allowed for sustainable strain hardening, which also agreed with the plaston concept recently proposed. The multiple deformation modes activated, together with the effective strengthening mechanisms, were responsible for the outstanding comprehensive mechanical performance of the material.
岡田 和歩*; 柴田 曉伸*; Gong, W.; 辻 伸泰*
Acta Materialia, 225, p.117549_1 - 117549_13, 2022/02
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：95.12(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)In this study, the deformation microstructure of hydrogen-charged ferritic-pearlitic 2Mn-0.1C steel was characterized using SEM-BSE, SEM-EBSD, TEM, and neutron diffraction. The microscopic mechanism of hydrogen-related quasi-cleavage fracture along the 
planes was also discussed. It was found that hydrogen increased the relative velocity of screw dislocations to edge dislocations, leading to a tangled dislocation morphology, even at the initial stage of deformation (strain = 0.03). In addition, the density of screw dislocations at the later stage of deformation (strain = 0.20) increased in the presence of hydrogen. Based on the experimental results, it is proposed that a high density of vacancies accumulated along slip planes by jog-dragging of screw dislocations, and coalescence of the accumulated vacancies led to the hydrogen-related quasi-cleavage fracture along the {011} slip planes.
neutron diffraction analysis during thermomechanical processing柴田 曉伸*; 竹田 泰成*; Park, N.*; Zhao, L.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Gong, W.*; 辻 伸泰*
Scripta Materialia, 165, p.44 - 49, 2019/05
被引用回数：23 パーセンタイル：83.91(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)Nowadays, a new concept of process utilizing dynamic ferrite transformation, which can achieve ultrafine-grained structure with a mean grain size of approximately 1m, has been proposed. This paper reports transformation mode of dynamic ferrite transformation and formation mechanism of ultrafine-grained structure revealed by our novel technique of neutron diffraction analysis during thermomechanical processing. Dynamic ferrite transformation occurs in a diffusional manner, whose partitioning behavior changes from para- to ortho-equilibrium with the progress of transformation. Moreover, we propose that dynamic recrystallization of dynamically-transformed ferrite is the main mechanism for the formation of ultrafine-grained structure.
中村 良彦*; 柴田 曉伸*; Gong, W.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 伊東 篤志*; 辻 伸泰*
Proceedings of International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago, p.155 - 158, 2018/04
The microstructure evolution of medium manganese steel (Fe-5Mn-2Si-0.1C (wt%)) during thermo-mechanical processing in ferrite + austenite two-phase region was investigated by in situ neutron diffraction analysis and microstructure observations. When the specimens were isothermally held at a temperature of 700
C, the fraction of reversely transformed austenite increased gradually with an increase in the isothermal holding time. However, it did not reach the equilibrium fraction of austenite even after isothermal holding for 10 ks. On the other hand, the fraction of reversely transformed austenite increased rapidly after the compressive deformation at a strain rate of 1 s
at 700C and reached the equilibrium state during subsequent isothermal holding for around 3 ks.
海老沢 博幸; 花川 裕規; 浅野 典一; 楠 秀彦; 箭内 智博; 佐藤 信一; 宮内 優; 大戸 勤; 木村 正; 川俣 貴則; et al.
JAEA-Technology 2009-030, 165 Pages, 2009/07
JAEA-Technology-2009-030.pdf:69.18MB
2007年度から開始するJMTR原子炉施設の改修工事に先立ち、「継続使用する設備・機器」の健全性調査を実施した。調査範囲は、原子炉建家を筆頭に、排気筒,一次冷却系の塔槽類,カナルエキスパンドジョイント,UCL高架水槽,二次系冷却塔及び配管,非常用発電機等、多岐にわたった。その結果、一部補修を要する部分が確認され補修を行ったが、今後の長期保全計画に沿った保守管理を行うことで、十分な安全確保と長期使用に耐えうることが確認された。原子炉更新課は、以上の健全性調査の結果を踏まえて改修工事を進めている。
Harjo, S.; 柴田 曉伸*; Park, N.*; 川崎 卓郎; 大石 毅一郎*; 相澤 一也; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
A new sample environmental device for simulating thermo-mechanical processes of materials (thermec-mastor) has been installed in a collaboration between a research group in Kyoto University and BL19 in MLF of J-PARC, within a scheme of Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. This new device is designed to heat the specimens by induction heating and cool them by gas injection. The highest rates for heating and cooling are about 30 K/s. It can also apply compressive deformation with the highest rate of 100 mm/s. The basic design and the commissioning progress of the thermec-mastor will be briefly introduced together with the first neutron diffraction data on steels. At 300 kW accelerator operation, diffraction patterns sliced with the interval time of about 1 s could be used to determine the occurrence of phase transformation during thermo-mechanical processes.
Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 友田 陽*; 柴田 曉伸*; 辻 伸泰*; 相澤 一也
no journal, ,
Two topics done at TAKUMI of MLF, J-PARC are introduced. Evolutions of dislocation characteristics during tensile deformation in a lath martensitic steel have been possible to be monitored by applying the convolutional multiple whole profile (CMWP) fitting method, to understand the strengthening behavior of metallic material with extremely high dislocation density induced during the material preparation. This method is possible to be applied to understand the deformation behaviour of bulk nano materials. A new sample environmental device for simulating Thermo-Mechanical Controlling Process of materials (thermec-mastor) has been installed in a collaboration between a research group in Kyoto University and TAKUMI. This new device is designed to heat and cool a specimen rapidly, and to apply compression with a high strain rate. The basic design and the commissioning progress of the thermec-mastor will be briefly introduced together with the first neutron diffraction data on steels.
Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 相澤 一也; 柴田 曉伸*; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
金属材料の加工熱処理制御プロセスをシミュレートするための新しいサンプル環境装置(thermec-mastor)は、文部科学省の構造材料元素戦略プロジェクト内で、京都大学とMLFのBL19(匠)研究グループ間の共同で開発し匠にインストールされた。本装置は、試験片を誘導加熱により加熱し、ガス注入によって冷却できるように設計されている。加熱と冷却の最高速度は約30K/sで、最高速度が100mm/sの圧縮変形を適用することが可能である。本装置の基本設計及び本装置を用いた鉄鋼材料の加工熱処理制御プロセス中のその場中性子回折実験について紹介する。
Gong, W.*; Harjo, S.; 柴田 曉伸*; 友田 陽*; 篠崎 智也*; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process is an effective approach to control the amount and stability of retained austenite. Our previous study confirmed that carbon partitioning and isothermal transformation simultaneously occurred below martensitic transformation starting (Ms) temperature. In order to deepen the understanding on controlling microstructures through Q&P processes, the effect of ausforming on phase transformation and carbon partitioning during the Q&P process were investigated by the use of in-situ neutron diffraction in the present study.
Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; 眞山 剛*; 川崎 卓郎; 相澤 一也; Sun, B.*; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
その場中性子回折による極低温圧縮変形中のAZ31マグネシウム合金の変形挙動と変形メカニズムを調べた。21Kでの応力-ひずみ曲線は、室温よりわずかに高い降伏応力を示したが、破断応力と破断ひずみが大幅に高くなったこと分かった。極低温でのc軸引張双晶の促進とc軸圧縮双晶の抑制が、AZ31合金の引張強さ・破断伸びともに向上させる理由であることが明らかにした。
Mao, W.; Gao, S.*; Gong, W.; Bai, Y.*; Park, M.-H.*; 柴田 曉伸*; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
In this study, strain hardening behavior of Fe-24Ni-0.3C metastable austenitic steel having deformation induced martensitic transformation (DIMT) during deformation was investigated by tensile test with in-situ neutron diffraction, aiming to clarify the mechanism of the enhanced strain hardening caused by the DIMT. The results suggested that the evolution of phase stress of martensite during the deformation plays an important role in the strain hardening. It was found that during deformation the phase stress of martensite firstly increased rapidly from a low value, and then the rate of increase decreased as it approached 1.8 GPa. A dramatic increase in the stress partitioning between austenite and martensite was generated due to the rapid increase of martensite phase stress, which contributed significantly to the increase in the overall strain hardening rate of the material. The analysis of plastic deformation of austenite and martensite reveals that the rapid increase in stress partitioning occurred during the elasto-plastic deformation stage and arose from the occurrence of the plastic strain misfits.
Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; 眞山 剛*; 川崎 卓郎; 相澤 一也; Sun, B.*; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
We conducted in-situ neutron diffraction experiments to investigate the temperature dependence of deformation mechanisms at 21 K in an AZ31 Mg alloy. The neutron diffraction results demonstrate that the extension twinning was enhanced at cryogenic temperature, which can provide additional capacity for strain accommodation and work hardening. Moreover, the contraction double twinning, as known to be the crack initiation source in Mg alloys, was suppressed at 21 K. The different sensitivity to temperature of various deformation modes is considered to be the reason for the simultaneous increase in strength and ductility of the commercial AZ31 alloy at 21K.
Gong, W.; Harjo, S.; 眞山 剛*; 川崎 卓郎; 相澤 一也; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
Magnesium and its alloys have potential for application in various fields, in which, the applications such as aerospace, storage, and transport of liquid cryogenics, require the materials to withstand high stress at extreme temperature. In present study, we conducted in-situ neutron diffraction experiments to investigate the cryogenic deformation behavior in a commercial extruded AZ31 Mg alloy. The neutron diffraction results demonstrate that the changes in activity of deformation modes are considered to be the reason for the simultaneous increase in strength and ductility of the commercial AZ31 alloy at cryogenic temperature.
Mao, W.; Gao, S.*; Gong, W.; Park, M. H.*; Bai, Y.*; 柴田 曉伸*; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
Deformation induced martensitic transformation (DIMT) during plastic deformation of metastable austenitic steels plays an important role in enhancing their strain hardening, leading to an outstanding combination of strength and tensile ductility. In this study, Fe-24Ni-0.3C metastable austenitic steel specimens having mean grain sizes ranging from 1.3 micrometer to 35 micrometers were fabricated by cold rolling and subsequent annealing processes. The effect of the grain size on the strain hardening behavior and DIMT in the material was investigated by tensile test at room temperature with in-situ neutron diffraction. Results obtained by the in-situ neutron diffraction showed that the enhanced strain-hardening rate was caused not only by the increase of the volume fraction of martensite but also by the rapid increase of the internal stress within martensite. When the grain size changed within the coarse grained region (35 micrometers to 4 micrometers) the influence of the grain size on the stress partitioning between austenite and martensite was relatively small, thus the work-hardening behavior was mainly determined by the increasing rate of the volume fraction of martensite. However, when the grain size decreased down to ultrafine grain regime (smaller than 2 micrometers), the internal stress in martensite significantly increased, which resulted in the increasing work-hardening rate. The increasing stress in martensite in the ultrafine grained specimens is explained by the enhanced elastic stress associated with the incompatibility between martensite and austenite phases.
Gong, W.; Zheng, R.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 相澤 一也; 辻 伸泰*
no journal, ,
Extension twinning and detwinning play crucial roles in cyclic loading deformation of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys. The occurrences of twining and detwinning are accompanied by the motion of twin boundaries (TBs), and then the interaction between the TBs and lattice defects such as dislocations and various boundaries is the key factor for the mechanical properties. Because of the complex microstructures introduced by cyclic deformation, the work hardening mechanisms associated with twinning and detwinning in Mg alloys are still far from being understood. In the present study, twinning and detwinning behavior of a commercial AZ31 Mg alloy during cyclic compression-tension deformation was evaluated in multi-scale using in-situ neutron diffraction (ND), identical area electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The relationship between the mechanical responses in cyclic deformation and microstructures was investigated.
