Development of semiconductor switches for high-power crowbar circuits

Ono, Ayato; Takayanagi, Tomohiro; Fuwa, Yasuhiro; Shinozaki, Shinichi; Ueno, Tomoaki*; Horino, Koki*; Sugita, Moe; Yamamoto, Kazami; Kinsho, Michikazu; Ikoma, Naoya*; et al.

Proceedings of 19th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.395 - 399, 2023/01

https://www.pasj.jp/web_publish/pasj2022/proceedings/PDF/TUP0/TUP038.pdf

At J-PARC, an ignitron is used for the crowbar device of the klystron power supply for high-frequency acceleration of a linear accelerator. Ignitron uses mercury, which is of limited use worldwide, and is expected to be discontinued in the future. Therefore, we designed a semiconductor crowbar switch for short-circuit protection of klystron using a MOS gate thyristor. We have manufactured an oval-type board module that realizes an operating output of 3 kV, 40 kA, and 50 s per board. For the control power supply to each board module assuming a high voltage of 120 kV, we adopted a self-power supply method that creates a control power supply with a high-voltage DCDC converter from the voltage shared and charged by each board module. It was possible to confirm the operating performance on a 1/2 scale (60 kV, 40 kA) against the voltage of the existing equipment (120 kV, 40 kA) by connecting twenty oval board modules in series. The output test result will be reported.

110 mA operation of J-PARC cesiated RF-driven H ion source

Ueno, Akira; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Oguri, Hidetomo

AIP Conference Proceedings 2373, p.040002_1 - 040002_8, 2021/07

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057552

On 2018, the stable operation of the J-PARC cesiated RF-driven H ion source (IS) with a 62 keV 100 mA beam, whose emittances were suitable for the radio-frequency quadrupole LINAC (RFQ), was reported. In the J-PARC IS operation, the stable plasma production with a 50 kW 2 MHz RF power for more than 3 months, an RF power efficiency higher than 2.4 mA/kW and the possibility of the space charge limited beam intensity pulling up by increasing the extraction and acceleration voltages were proven. On the other hand, the withstand voltage for the stable operation with an RF plasma production of the present 2 MHz matching circuit and the high voltage power supply was measured as about 66 kV. In the operation with the presently highest beam energy of 65 keV, a 110 mA beam with emittances suitable for the RFQ was stably produced. Since 102.5 mA of the beam was measured inside the emittances used for the RFQ design, the next generation 100 mA LINAC will be possible with the IS.

J-PARC H ion source and space-charge neutralized LEBT for 100-mA high energy and high duty factor LINACs

Ueno, Akira

Review of Scientific Instruments, 91(3), p.033312_1 - 033312_9, 2020/03

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5126365

In July 2019, a 3 GeV 920 kW beam was accelerated for 10.5 hours in the J-PARC. During the operation, the H ion source and LINAC was operated with the beam duty factor (BDF) of 1.25% (0.5 ms25 Hz) and the ejected beam intensities of 58 and 50 mA, respectively. Separately, they were stably operated with the BDF of 1.5% (0.6 ms25 Hz) and the ejected beam intensities of 72 and 60 mA, respectively. Based upon the 100-mA and BDF 5% (1 ms50 Hz) H ion source operation on a test-stand, the possibility of the 100-mA high energy and high duty factor LINACs with a radio frequency quadrupole LINAC with an injection energy higher than 64 keV is presented. The unexpectedly effective space-charge neutralization effects in the low energy beam transport are also presented. Furthermore, the transverse emittance improvements by about 8% with the shortest beam extractor are presented.

Solving beam intensity bottlenecks and 100 mA operation of J-PARC cesiated RF-driven H ion source

Ueno, Akira; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Oguri, Hidetomo

AIP Conference Proceedings 2052, p.050003_1 - 050003_7, 2018/12

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5083757

In order to specify the beam intensity bottlenecks of the J-PARC cesiated RF-driven H ion source, the extraction and acceleration voltages (V and V) higher than the design values of 10 kV and 40 kV were examined. A 100 mA beam, whose about 93 mA has transverse emittances used for a common RFQ design, was stably operated with a duty factor of 5% (1 ms 50 Hz) by using the V and V of 12.4 kV and 49.6 kV, respectively. This breakthrough with important information on the space-charge limited bottlenecks in the extraction and acceleration gaps will derive the optimal electrode shapes for the source operated with a beam intensity higher than 100 mA and realize the next generation benchmark H ion source for high intensity and high energy H LINACs.

Present status of the J-PARC cesiated rf-driven H ion source

Shinto, Katsuhiro; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Shibata, Takanori*; Nammo, Kesao*; Namekawa, Yuya*; Ueno, Akira; Oguri, Hidetomo

AIP Conference Proceedings 2011, p.050018_1 - 050018_3, 2018/09

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5053316

Operation status of the J-PARC H ion source

Okoshi, Kiyonori; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Nammo, Kesao*; Shibata, Takanori*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Ueno, Akira; Namekawa, Yuya*; Oguri, Hidetomo

Proceedings of 15th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.889 - 892, 2018/08

https://www.pasj.jp/web_publish/pasj2018/proceedings/PDF/THP0/THP041.pdf

In 2017-2018 campaign, three times of long-time operation more than 2,000 hours of the J-PARC rf-driven negative hydrogen (H) ion source producing H beam with the beam current of 47 mA were successfully achieved without any serious problems. At the final day of this campaign, the ion source produced an H beam with the current of 72 mA in order to demonstrate the beam current of 60 mA at the linac exit. We are also conducting an endurance test of a J-PARC-made antenna at a test bench. Approximately 1,400-hour operation with the antenna was successfully performed.

Development of a new power supply for the RCS kicker magnet with the LTD circuit of SiC-MOSFETs

Takayanagi, Tomohiro; Kinsho, Michikazu; Yamamoto, Kazami; Ueno, Tomoaki*; Horino, Koki*; Tokuchi, Akira*; Mushibe, Yoichi*

Proceedings of 14th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.45 - 49, 2017/12

J-PARC RCS needs updating of equipment after 10 years since the start of operation. Therefore, a pulse power supply applying a next generation semiconductor (SiC-MOSFET) with low switching loss and high breakdown voltage are investigated This supply constructs a serial / parallel multiplexing circuit using a SiC-MOSFET and a plurality of large capacity capacitors with one circuit board (LTD). By using this board as a main board and adopting a multistage hierarchical structure, it is possible to satisfy the specifications of the RCS kicker power supply with a voltage of 40 kV, a current of 4 kA and a rectangular wave pulse width of 1500 ns. Moreover, by adding a plurality of correction boards of 40 V and arbitrarily setting the operation trigger of the board, flatness correction is also possible. It was confirmed that the results of the preliminary test with the maximum output of 4 kV / 2 kA by are effective for maintaining stable operation at the RCS high intensity beam output.

Operation status of the J-PARC RF-driven H ion source

Oguri, Hidetomo; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Asano, Hiroyuki; Shibata, Takanori*; Nammo, Kesao*; Ueno, Akira; Shinto, Katsuhiro

AIP Conference Proceedings 1869, p.030053_1 - 030053_7, 2017/08

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995773

A cesiated RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source was started to operate in September, 2014 in response to the need for upgrading J-PARC's linac beam current. The ion source mainly comprises a stainless-steel plasma chamber, a beam extractor, and a large vacuum chamber with two turbo molecular pumps of 1500 L/s for differential pumping. The ion source has been successfully providing the required beam current to the accelerator without any significant issues other than a single-incident antenna failure occurred in October, 2014. Continuous operation for approximately 1,000 h was achieved with a beam current and duty factor of 45 mA and 1.25 % (0.5 msec and 25 Hz), respectively. In this paper, we will present the some operation parameters and the beam stability through the long-term user operation.

Emittance improvements of cesiated RF-driven H ion source to enable 60 mA operation of high-energy and high-intensity LINACs by plasma impurity controls

Ueno, Akira; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Oguri, Hidetomo

AIP Conference Proceedings 1869, p.030011_1 - 030011_10, 2017/08

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995731

At the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), the operation of a 400-MeV linear accelerator (LINAC) with an extraction H ion beam intensity of 60 mA is under investigation. This intensity is 20% higher than the 50 mA achieved by the J-PARC LINAC and about 50% higher than those of operating similar LINACs in the world. Recently, the J-PARC cesiated RF-driven H ion source successfully produces a beam enabling the 60 mA operation. A 66-mA beam with 95%-beam transverse normalized rms emittance of 0.23 mmmrad is produced by controlling the impurities of argon, nitrogen and water molecules in the hydrogen plasma and tuning rod-filter-field.

Cesiated surface H ion source; Optimization studies

Ueno, Akira

New Journal of Physics (Internet), 19(1), p.015004_1 - 015004_15, 2017/01

https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa52e3

In order to satisfy the increasing intensity requirements of high-energy and high-intensity proton accelerators for an H ion beam with small transverse normalized rms emittances of around 0.25 mmmrad, diverse parameters possibly reducing the emittances were optimised. Such as the plasma electrode shape and temperature, the radio-frequency (RF) matching network for the igniter plasma, the filter-field strength and distribution, the strength of the axial magnetic field around the beam extraction hole, the cesiasion procedure and the cesium (Cs) density, impurity elements, and so on, were optimized with H ion sources for the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). By optimizing each parameter step by step, the J-PARC cesiated RF-driven H ion source successfully produced the world brightest class beam with 95% beam transverse normalized rms emittances of 0.24 mmmrad and an intensity of 66 mA.