Quantitative imaging of trace elements in solid samples by online isotope dilution laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

柳澤 華代; 松枝 誠; 古川 真*; 石庭 寛子*; 和田 敏裕*; 平田 岳史*; 高貝 慶隆*

Analyst, 148(18), p.4291 - 4299, 2023/09

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN01028G

固体表面の定量マッピングが可能なオンライン同位体希釈レーザーアブレーション誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法(オンラインLA-ICP-IDMS)を開発した。LAで生成された試料エアロゾルは、独自開発したサイクロン式スプレーチャンバーを介して、同位体濃縮液のミストとオンラインで混合され、ICP-MSへと導入される。その後、同位体比の計算などを通じて各スポットにおける定量イメージング像を作成した。モデル元素としてFeとSrを選択し、オンライン同位体希釈に基づく定量によって認証標準物質を定量したところ、認証値と定量値の結果は良好であった。本法を生体硬組織に適用し、電子プローブマイクロアナライザーのデータと比較した結果、鉄とSrのような微量元素の定量に有効であることを確認した。

水蒸気改質処理試験装置における主反応器耐火材の補修効果確認試験

木島 惇; 小山 勇人; 大和田 光宏; 萩原 正義; 青柳 義孝

JAEA-Technology 2022-012, 14 Pages, 2022/07

JAEA-Technology-2022-012.pdf:1.51MB

過去の技術開発過程において発生した大量の難処理性有機廃液の処理については、処理設備の腐食やフィルタの閉塞を引き起こす等の理由により焼却処理が適さないことから、それら廃液の処理技術として、平成17年度から水蒸気改質処理法とその処理装置の開発を実施している。処理装置の重要な構成要素である主反応器は内部が非常に高温となるため、主反応器外筒の内面に耐火材が施されているが、令和2年にこの耐火材の内表面全域に経年劣化によるひび割れや表層剥離を確認したため、令和3年度に主反応器全体を更新した。一方、この主反応器内面表層のひび割れや表層剥離について補修が可能であれば、今後主反応器全体を更新する必要は無くなると共に、これまで使用していた主反応器も廃棄することなく、補修を行った後、予備品として再使用できる。そこで、主反応器を更新する前に、劣化した耐火材表面を2種類の補修材候補を用いて補修し、実際の有機系廃棄物を模擬した試料の燃焼試験を実施し、それぞれの補修材の有効性を評価した。模擬燃焼試験後において、補修材候補のうち1種について剥落や剥離及びひび割れがなかったこと、補修材が脆化することなく、耐火材と強固に密着していたこと、補修箇所の主反応器外筒の表面温度が設計温度上限を超過しなかったことから、補修材を用いた主反応器の補修は十分可能であると結論付けた。

Multiple gamma-ray glows and a downward TGF observed from nearby thunderclouds

久富 章平*; 中澤 知洋*; 和田 有希*; 辻 結菜*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 篠田 太郎*; 森本 健志*; 中村 佳敬*; 湯浅 孝行*; 土屋 晴文

Journal of Geophysical Research; Atmospheres, 126(18), p.e2021JD034543_1 - e2021JD034543_12, 2021/09

https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034543

Around 17:00 on January 12, 2020 (UTC), radiation detectors installed at two locations with a 1.35 km separation in Kanazawa City, Japan, captured a total of four gamma-ray enhancements. The first pair was simultaneously observed at the two locations at 17:03 and were abruptly terminated by a lightning discharge. The remaining two enhancements were also nearly simultaneously observed 3 min later, and one of them was also terminated by another lightning discharge. At the last termination, a downward terrestrial gamma-ray flash and a negative energetic in-cloud pulse were observed. Both pairs were associated with thundercloud cells. In the first pair, simultaneous detection in two locations 1.35 km apart suggests either a gamma-ray glow emerged in-between and time variability of its intensity were directly observed or there were two (or more) gamma-ray glows in the cell which reached the two detectors coincidentally. In the latter pair, the peak time in the downwind detector was 40 s later than that of the upwind detector. If the irradiation region moved with the cell, it would have taken 110 s. The discrepancy suggests either the glow moved 2.5 times faster than the cell or there were two (or more) glows in the cell. Also, the fact that the thunderstorm cell hosting the latter glows experienced the lightning discharge 3 min before suggests that the strong electric field in the cell can develop within a few minutes.

High peak-current lightning discharges associated with downward terrestrial gamma-ray flashes

和田 有希*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 中村 佳敬*; 森本 健志*; 佐藤 光輝*; 牛尾 知雄*; 中澤 知洋*; 湯浅 孝行*; 米徳 大輔*; 澤野 達也*; et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research; Atmospheres, 125(4), p.e2019JD031730_1 - e2019JD031730_11, 2020/02

https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031730

During 2017-2018 winter operation of the Gamma-Ray Observation of Winter Thunderclouds experiment in Japan, two downward terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) that triggered atmospheric photonuclear reactions were detected. They took place during winter thunderstorms on 5 December 2017 and 9 January 2018 at Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Each event coincided with an intracloud/intercloud discharge, which had a negative-polarity peak current higher than 150 kA. Their radio waveforms in the low-frequency band are categorized as a distinct lightning type called energetic in-cloud pulse (EIP). Negative-polarity EIPs have been previously suggested to be highly associated with downward TGFs, and the present observations provide evidence of the correlation between them for the first time. Furthermore, both of the downward TGFs followed gamma-ray glows, minute-lasting high-energy emissions from thunderclouds. It is suggested that the negative EIPs took place with downward propagating negative leaders or upward positive ones developed in highly electrified regions responsible for the gamma-ray glows.

Gamma-ray glow preceding downward terrestrial gamma-ray flash

和田 有希*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 中村 佳敬*; 古田 禄大; 湯浅 孝行*; 中澤 知洋*; 森本 健志*; 佐藤 光輝*; 松元 崇弘*; 米徳 大輔*; et al.

Communications Physics (Internet), 2(1), p.67_1 - 67_9, 2019/06

https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-019-0168-y

Two types of high-energy events have been detected from thunderstorms. One is "terrestrial gamma-ray flashes" (TGFs), sub-millisecond emissions coinciding with lightning discharges. The other is minute-lasting "gamma-ray glows". Although both phenomena are thought to originate from relativistic runaway electron avalanches in strong electric fields, the connection between them is not well understood. Here we report unequivocal simultaneous detection of a gamma-ray glow termination and a downward TGF, observed from the ground. During a winter thunderstorm in Japan on 9 January 2018, our detectors caught a gamma-ray glow, which moved for 100 s with ambient wind, and then abruptly ceased with a lightning discharge. Simultaneously, the detectors observed photonuclear reactions triggered by a downward TGF, whose radio pulse was located within 1 km from where the glow ceased. It is suggested that the highly-electrified region producing the glow was related to the initiation of the downward TGF.

Termination of electron acceleration in thundercloud by intracloud/intercloud discharge

和田 有希*; Bowers, G. S.*; 榎戸 輝揚*; 鴨川 仁*; 中村 佳敬*; 森本 健志*; Smith, D.*; 古田 禄大*; 中澤 知洋*; 湯浅 孝行*; et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, 45(11), p.5700 - 5707, 2018/06

https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077784

An on-ground observation program for high energy atmospheric phenomena in winter thunderstorms along Japan Sea has been performed via lightning measurements of -ray radiation, atmospheric electric field and low-frequency radio band. On February 11, 2017, the radiation detectors recorded -ray emission lasting for 75 sec. The -ray spectrum extended up to 20 MeV and was reproduced by a cutoff power-law model with a photon index of 1.36, being consistent with a Bremsstrahlung radiation from a thundercloud (as known as a -ray glow). Then the -ray glow was abruptly terminated with a nearby lightning discharge. The low-frequency radio monitors, installed 50 km away from Noto School, recorded intra/inter-cloud discharges spreading over 60km area with a 300 ms duration. The timing of the -ray termination coincided with the moment when a sequence of intra/inter-cloud discharges passed 0.7 km horizontally away from the radiation monitors. The atmospheric electric-field measurement presented that negative charge was located in the cloud base and not neutralized by the lightning discharge. This indicates that the -ray source was located at an higher region than the cloud base.

CAF experiments on the flow and freezing of metal fuel and cladding melts, 1; Test conditions and overview of the results

深野 義隆; 川田 賢一; 佐藤 一憲; Wright, A. E.*; Kilsdonk, D. J.*; Aeschlimann, R. W.*; Bauer, T. H.*

Proceedings of International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles (FR 2009) (CD-ROM), 10 Pages, 2012/00

http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/meetings/PDFplus/2009/cn176/cn176_BoeS.pdf

For metal fueled fast reactors, assessment of the core disruptive accident (CDA) is necessary for both design and licensing. The objectives of the Core Alloy Flow and Erosion (CAF) experiments are to investigate the fundamental flow, metallurgical interaction, and freezing behavior of uranium-iron-type melts within iron-based trough-shaped flow channels and provide information that can support the development of mathematical models that describe the movements of molten fuel-bearing core materials during CDAs. In the CAFE experiments, melt produced in yttria-coated crucible by induction heating flowed down within approximately 660 mm long inclined trough and was received by the catch cup located below the bottom of the trough. Flow was observed and recorded by three video cameras and many thermocouples. Four UT series tests were conducted using molten uranium whose melting point is 1400 K. Two E1T series tests were performed using U-Fe eutectic mixture whose melting point is 1000 K. In each test, 1 to 1.65 kg of melt was introduced into an inclined trough. These test results provide understandings on fundamental flow and freezing behavior of melts including metallurgical interaction in the steel flow channels with a variety of melt and flow channel conditions and also offer useful information for developing analytical models to describe such behavior.

Comparison of advanced fast reactor pool and loop configurations from the viewpoint of construction cost

近澤 佳隆; 小竹 庄司; 澤田 周作*

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 241(1), p.378 - 385, 2011/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.10.008

Comparative evaluation of fast reactor pool/loop configurations in the JAEA feasibility study (FS) from 1996 to 2006 has been summarized. A brief description of the FS pool concept (FS-pool) has been provided. FS-pool pursues a compact reactor vessel structure using a flask shape intermediate heat exchanger. The present comparison based on the reactor vessel structure and primary cooling system pointed out relatively good economic potential of the FS-loop concept, because differences in the secondary cooling systems of the pool/loop configurations are not essential from the viewpoint of pool/loop comparison.

ヒト正常線維芽細胞における細胞間信号伝達系を介した重イオン誘発バイスタンダー効果のヒット粒子数及びLET依存性

松本 孔貴*; 浜田 信行*; 青木 瑞穂*; 和田 成一*; 舟山 知夫; 坂下 哲哉; 柿崎 竹彦; 小林 泰彦; 古澤 佳也*

JAEA-Review 2006-042, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2005, P. 110, 2007/02

https://jopss.jaea.go.jp/pdfdata/JAEA-Review-2006-042.pdf

When cells were irradiated with ionizing radiation, non-irradiated cells around irradiated cells showed the same biological effect, for example apoptosis, DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, and these phenomena are called bystander effect. Bystander effect is caused by two major pathways, gap junction signaling or medium-mediated signaling. The correlation of these pathways with bystander effect, and some transmission agents of the effect were reported in many papers. But the existence of the particle number- or LET-dependency of the effect is still a matter of debate. In this experiment, we demonstrated that the particle number-dependency of bystander effect was observed in AG01522 cells exposed to carbon ion beams with LET of about 100 keV/m, and suggested the existence of the LET-dependency of this effect.

細胞間信号伝達系を介したバイスタンダー効果の線量・線質依存性

古澤 佳也*; 松本 孔貴*; 浜田 信行*; 和田 成一*; 小林 泰彦; 舟山 知夫; 坂下 哲哉; 柿崎 竹彦

no journal, , 

ヒト正常繊維芽細胞AG01522の染色体異常(微小核形成)を指標にバイスタンダー効果のLET依存性を検出した。一枚の照射容器中に約70万個の細胞が存在するが、このうち異なった49点の位置に存在する細胞に照射した場合、LETが400keV/m以上のAr, Neイオンビームでは各点1粒子ずつの照射で効果が飽和し、各点24粒子の照射でも微小核誘発頻度は変わらなかった。一方、同様の照射法でLETが約120keV/mのCイオンを用いた場合、粒子数依存的に微小核誘導の頻度に差が見られるようである。RBEがまだピークに達していない中LET(150200keV/m)より低いLETのビームでは粒子数依存性があるのかも知れない。今回のデータでは6粒子までしかデータがないため飽和の様子はわからないが、微小核形成頻度から見ると飽和領域に入っており、総量として400keV/m相当の粒子が通過すると十分なバイスタンダー因子が発生するのかも知れない。