Overvoltage reduction in membrane Bunsen reaction for hydrogen production by using a radiation-grafted cation exchange membrane and porous Au anode

Sawada, Shinichi*; Kimura, Takehiro*; Nishijima, Haruyuki*; Kodaira, Takahide*; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Kubo, Shinji; Imabayashi, Shinichiro*; Nomura, Mikihiro*; Yamaki, Tetsuya*

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(27), p.13814 - 13820, 2020/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.02.229

An electrochemical membrane Bunsen reaction using a cation exchange membrane (CEM) is a key to achieving an iodine-sulfur (IS) thermochemical water splitting process for mass-production of hydrogen. In this study, we prepared both the radiation-grafted CEM with a high ion exchange capacity (IEC) and the highly-porous Au-electroplated anode, and then used them for the membrane Bunsen reaction to reduce the cell overvoltage. The high-IEC grafted CEM exhibited low resistivity for proton transport, while the porous Au anode had a large effective surface area for anodic SO oxidation reaction. As a result, the cell overvoltage for the membrane Bunsen reaction was significantly reduced to 0.21 V at 200 mA/cm, which was only one-third of that of the previous test using the commercial CEM and non-porous anode. From the analysis of the current-voltage characteristics, employment of the grafted CEM was found to be more effective for the overvoltage reduction compared to the porous Au anode.

Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) study of irradiation-induced nanostructure change in Fe-ion beam irradiated oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel

Kumada, Takayuki; Oba, Yojiro; Motokawa, Ryuhei; Morooka, Satoshi; Tominaga, Aki; Tanida, Hajime; Shobu, Takahisa; Konno, Azusa; Owada, Kenji*; Ono, Naoko*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 528, p.151890_1 - 151890_7, 2020/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151890

We have developed an anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) diffractometer in SPring-8 to investigate irradiation-induced nanostructural change in ion-beam irradiated stainless steel. A thermally-aged MA956 stainless steel sample displays power-law scattering that follows the Porod law at the magnitude of scattering vector, Q, below 0.5 nm and an overlapped shoulder around 0.7 nm. After the ion-beam irradiation, the intensity of the shoulder remained unchanged, whereas that of the power-law scattering nearly doubled. This result indicates that none of the structural parameters of the Cr-rich nanoprecipitates, such as the number density, size, and interface roughness, were changed by the irradiation.

Study on dryout and rewetting during accidents including ATWS for the BWR at JAEA

Satou, Akira; Wada, Yuki; Shibamoto, Yasuteru; Yonomoto, Taisuke

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 354, p.110164_1 - 110164_10, 2019/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110164

JAEA has conducted a series of experimental researches on the Post-boiling transition heat transfer, transient critical heat flux and rewetting for BWRs. Experimental data bases covering the anticipated operational conditions was developed; the significance of the precursor cooling was identified. This paper presents approaches of the present research focusing on the anticipated transient without scram, effects of the spacer and physical understanding of the phenomena for development of mechanistic model together with promising results obtained so far.

Contribution of membrane technology to hydrogen society; Development of membrane IS process

Inagaki, Yoshiyuki; Sakaba, Nariaki; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Nomura, Mikihiro*; Sawada, Shinichi*; Yamaki, Tetsuya*

Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi, 73(4), p.194 - 202, 2019/08

The thermochemical IS process is a promising hydrogen production method which can produce hydrogen in a large amount and stably with high efficiency by thermal splitting of water. Research and development on chemical reaction technology with membranes was conducted for the purpose of improving the efficiency of IS process and application of solar heat. The basic technology of ceramic membranes applied to decomposition reactions of hydrogen iodine and sulfuric acid was developed, and it is expected that the conversion rate on decomposition in each reaction can be remarkably improved. The basic technology of a cation exchange membrane applied to Bunsen reaction was developed with radiation-induced grafting technique, it is expected that the amount of iodine can be reduced to about one-fifth compared to the conventional method. These achievements are important technologies for practical use of the IS process.

Ultrasound measurement of upward liquid film flow in vertical pipe

Wada, Yuki; Satou, Akira; Shibamoto, Yasuteru; Yonomoto, Taisuke; Sagawa, Jun*

Proceedings of 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18) (USB Flash Drive), p.4518 - 4531, 2019/08

Liquid film detection under boiling transition (BT) condition is one of the important issues to develop models on dry out and rewet including physical characteristics of liquid film behavior. Although a heater surface temperature has been often used in previous studies to detect the position of liquid film front, it is difficult to accurately identify the position from the temperature measurement. Therefore, we are developing a nonintrusive measurement technique for detecting thin liquid film thickness under BT and rewet condition using ultrasound. In this study, we focus on high accuracy measurement for liquid film thinner than 0.1 mm by using high frequency ultrasound of 15 MHz and developing a signal processing method. Liquid film measurement results were found to agree with liquid film thickness correlations. Based on a comparison with constant current method, it is concluded that the present technique gives more reasonable liquid film thickness than constant current method.

Turbulence intensity profile in high Reynolds number pipe flow

Wada, Yuki; Furuichi, Noriyuki*; Kusano, Eisuke*; Tsuji, Yoshiyuki*

Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena (TSFP-11) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2019/07

http://www.tsfp-conference.org/proceedings/proceedings-of-tsfp-11-2019-southampton.html

This paper reports characteristics of turbulence intensity profile obtained in high Reynolds number actual flow facility in Japan. The experiments were performed in a pipe flow with water, and the friction Reynolds number was varied up to = 2.0 10. The streamwise velocity was measured by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The new procedure to correct the measurement volume effect of LDV is suggested and we discuss turbulence intensity issues such as the inner peak Reynolds number dependence and the outer logarithmic behavior, it was found that these characteristic behaviors are consistent with previous turbulence studies.

High-energy atmospheric phenomena initiated by lightning

Enoto, Teruaki*; Wada, Yuki*; Tsuchiya, Harufumi

Nippon Butsuri Gakkai-Shi, 74(4), p.192 - 200, 2019/04

no abstracts in English

A Correction method based on probability density function and measurement volume for turbulence intensity profile measured by LDV in turbulent pipe flow

Wada, Yuki; Furuichi, Noriyuki*; Kusano, Eisuke*; Tsuji, Yoshiyuki*

Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Flow Dynamics (ICFD 2018) (USB Flash Drive), p.778 - 779, 2018/11

Spatial resolution effect of LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimetry) on the time-averaged statistics is presented in high Reynolds number turbulent pipe flow. Employing PDF (Probability Density Function) of streamwise velocity, we report the study of overestimation of time-averaged statistics based on the size of measurement volume. We proposed a simple equation to estimate their spatial resolution effect. Using the proposed equation, the measurement position and the measurement volume calculated precisely based on experimental setup, it was found that the correction for spatial resolution effect is possible. Analyzing the pipe flow data measured by LDV, we estimated the expected turbulence intensity profile. The validity of the present correction method was confirmed by comparing the correction result based on the low-resolution experimental result with the high-resolution experimental result.

Revising the 4 symmetry in CeCuGe; Soft X-ray absorption and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy

Aratani, Hidekazu*; Nakatani, Yasuhiro*; Fujiwara, Hidenori*; Kawada, Moeki*; Kanai, Yuina*; Yamagami, Kohei*; Fujioka, Shuhei*; Hamamoto, Satoru*; Kuga, Kentaro*; Kiss, Takayuki*; et al.

Physical Review B, 98(12), p.121113_1 - 121113_6, 2018/09

AA2018-0352.pdf:1.16MB

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.121113

Termination of electron acceleration in thundercloud by intracloud/intercloud discharge

Wada, Yuki*; Bowers, G. S.*; Enoto, Teruaki*; Kamogawa, Masashi*; Nakamura, Yoshitaka*; Morimoto, Takeshi*; Smith, D.*; Furuta, Yoshihiro*; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro*; Yuasa, Takayuki*; et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, 45(11), p.5700 - 5707, 2018/06

https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077784