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Journal Articles

Status report of JAEA-AMS-TONO; Research and technical development in the last four years

Kokubu, Yoko; Fujita, Natsuko; Watanabe, Takahiro; Matsubara, Akihiro; Ishizaka, Chika; Miyake, Masayasu*; Nishio, Tomohiro*; Kato, Motohisa*; Ogawa, Yumi*; Ishii, Masahiro*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 539, p.68 - 72, 2023/06

 Times Cited Count:0

The JAEA-AMS-TONO facility at the Tono Geoscience Center, JAEA has an accelerator mass spectrometer (JAEA-AMS-TONO-5MV). The spectrometer enabled us to use a multi-nuclide AMS of carbon-14 ($$^{14}$$C), beryllium-10, aluminium-26 and iodine-129, and we have recently been proceeding test measurement of chlorine-36. In response to an increase of samples, we installed a state-of-the-art multi-nuclide AMS with a 300 kV Tandetron accelerator in 2020. Recently, we are driving the development of techniques of isobar separation in AMS and of sample preparation. Ion channeling is applied to remove isobaric interference and we are building a prototype AMS based on this technique for downsizing of AMS. The small sample graphitization for $$^{14}$$C has been attempted using an automated graphitization equipment equipped with an elemental analyzer.

Journal Articles

Neutron production in the interaction of 200-MeV deuterons with Li, Be, C, Al, Cu, Nb, In, Ta, and Au

Watanabe, Yukinobu*; Sadamatsu, Hiroki*; Araki, Shohei; Nakano, Keita; Kawase, Shoichiro*; Kin, Tadahiro*; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Satoh, Daiki; Hagiwara, Masayuki*; Yashima, Hiroshi*; et al.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 284, p.01041_1 - 01041_4, 2023/05

Intensive fast neutron sources using deuteron accelerators have been proposed for the study of medical RI production, radiation damage for fusion reactor materials, nuclear transmutation of radioactive waste, and so on. Neutron production data from various materials bombarded by deuterons are required for the design of such neutron sources. In the present work, we have conducted a systematic measurement of double-differential neutron production cross sections (DDXs) for a wide atomic number range of targets (Li, Be, C, Al, Cu, Nb, In, Ta, and Au) at an incident energy of 200 MeV in the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. A deuteron beam accelerated to 200 MeV was transported to the neutron experimental hall and focused on a thin target foil. Emitted neutrons from the target were detected by two different-size EJ301 liquid organic scintillators located at two distances of 7 m and 20 m, respectively. The neutron DDXs were measured at six angles from 0$$^{circ}$$ to 25$$^{circ}$$). The neutron energy was determined by a conventional time-of-flight (TOF) method. The measured DDXs were compared with theoretical model calculations by the DEUteron-induced Reaction Analysis Code System (DEURACS) and PHITS. The result indicated that the DEURACS calculation provides better agreement with the measured DDXs than the PHITS calculation.

Journal Articles

Demonstration of a kicker impedance reduction scheme with diode stack and resistors by operating the 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

Shobuda, Yoshihiro; Harada, Hiroyuki; Saha, P. K.; Takayanagi, Tomohiro; Tamura, Fumihiko; Togashi, Tomohito; Watanabe, Yasuhiro; Yamamoto, Kazami; Yamamoto, Masanobu

Physical Review Accelerators and Beams (Internet), 26(5), p.053501_1 - 053501_45, 2023/05

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.05(Physics, Nuclear)

At the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), theoretical predictions have indicated that the kicker-impedance would excite the beam-instability. A 1 MW beam with large emittance can be delivered to the Material and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) through suppression of the beam instabilities by choosing the appropriate machine parameters. However, we require other high-intensity and high-quality smaller emittance beams (than the 1 MW beam) for the Main Ring (MR). Hence, we proposed a scheme for suppressing the kicker-impedance by using prototype diodes and resistors, thereby demonstrating the effect on the kicker impedance reduction. However, the J-PARC RCS must be operated with a repetition rate of 25 Hz, which urged us to consider special diodes that are tolerant to heating. After developments, we have demonstrated that the special diodes with resistors can suppress the beam instability by reducing the kicker impedance. Enhanced durability of the prototype diodes and resistors for the 25 Hz operation was also realized. Moreover, the new diodes and the resistors have negligible effect on the extracted beam from the RCS. From a simulation point of view, the scheme can be employed for at least 5 MW beam operation within the stipulated specifications.

Journal Articles

Atmospheric ammonia deposition and its role in a cool-temperate fragmented deciduous broad-leaved forest

Katata, Genki*; Yamaguchi, Takashi*; Watanabe, Makoto*; Fukushima, Keitaro*; Nakayama, Masataka*; Nagano, Hirohiko*; Koarashi, Jun; Tateno, Ryunosuke*; Kubota, Tomohiro

Atmospheric Environment, 298, p.119640_1 - 119640_12, 2023/04

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:0.01(Environmental Sciences)

Journal Articles

The Report on "study meetings about the ICRP Internal Dosimetry"

Nakajima, Junya; Hirota, Seiko*; Tsuji, Tomoya; Watanabe, Yuki; Sakoda, Akihiro; Kobayashi, Noriko*

Hoken Butsuri (Internet), 58(1), p.13 - 20, 2023/04

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Crystallographic and/or magnetic properties of neutral and cationic uranium(IV) sandwiched phthalocyanine complexes

Tabata, Chihiro; Watanabe, Hirohito*; Shirasaki, Kenji*; Sunaga, Ayaki*; Fukuda, Takamitsu*; Li, D.*; Yamamura, Tomoo*

Journal of Molecular Structure, 1277, p.134870_1 - 134870_8, 2023/04

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0(Chemistry, Physical)

Neutral and cationic U(IV) sandwiched phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes were prepared. The neutral species, UPc$$_{2}$$, was obtained by the reaction of UCl$$_{4}$$] and phthalonitrile, and the [UPc$$_{2}$$][BF$$_{4}$$] crystals were grown by electrolysis. The structures of the complexes were determined crystallographically. A U(IV) ion has two $$5f$$ electrons, which carry a magnetic moment localized at the U sites, making the complex magnetically active. The magnetic susceptibility measurement of UPc$$_{2}$$ revealed that the system was paramagnetic with local magnetic moments down to 2 K, but these magnetic moments were suppressed, possibly by a ligand field effect. The paramagnetism was also confirmed by the magnetization curve without hysteresis. The cationic complex, [UPc$$_{2}$$][BF$$_{4}$$]] crystalized in a tetragonal structure with the space group $$P4nc$$, in which the UPc$$_{2}$$ molecules stacked along the tetragonal $$c$$-axis. The structure was similar to that of [LnPc$$_{2}$$][BF$$_{4}$$]], but with distinct disorder in the stacking plane. The stabilities of the crystal and molecular structures and the electronic configurations of UPc$$_{2}$$ and [UPc$$_{2}$$][BF$$_{4}$$]] were evaluated via the $$ab initio$$ calculations that included the multiconfigurational nature of the actinide element.

Journal Articles

Phase analysis of simulated nuclear fuel debris synthesized using UO$$_{2}$$, Zr, and stainless steel and leaching behavior of the fission products and matrix elements

Tonna, Ryutaro*; Sasaki, Takayuki*; Kodama, Yuji*; Kobayashi, Taishi*; Akiyama, Daisuke*; Kirishima, Akira*; Sato, Nobuaki*; Kumagai, Yuta; Kusaka, Ryoji; Watanabe, Masayuki

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 55(4), p.1300 - 1309, 2023/04

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.02(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Simulated debris was synthesized using UO$$_{2}$$, Zr, and stainless steel and a heat treatment method under inert or oxidizing conditions. The primary U solid phase of the debris synthesized at 1473 K under inert conditions was UO$$_{2}$$, whereas a (U,Zr)O$$_{2}$$ solid solution formed at 1873 K. Under oxidizing conditions, a mixture of U$$_{3}$$O$$_{8}$$ and (Fe,Cr)UO$$_{4}$$ phases formed at 1473 K whereas a (U,Zr)O$$_{2+x}$$ solid solution formed at 1873 K. The leaching behavior of the fission products from the simulated debris was evaluated using two methods: the irradiation method, for which fission products were produced via neutron irradiation, and the doping method, for which trace amounts of non-radioactive elements were doped into the debris. The dissolution behavior of U depended on the properties of the debris and aqueous medium the debris was immersed in. Cs, Sr, and Ba leached out regardless of the primary solid phases. The leaching of high-valence Eu and Ru ions was suppressed, possibly owing to their solid-solution reaction with or incorporation into the uranium compounds of the simulated debris.

JAEA Reports

Annual report on the environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant FY2021

Nakada, Akira; Kanai, Katsuta; Seya, Natsumi; Nishimura, Shusaku; Futagawa, Kazuo; Nemoto, Masashi; Tobita, Keiji; Yamada, Ryohei*; Uchiyama, Rei; Yamashita, Daichi; et al.

JAEA-Review 2022-078, 164 Pages, 2023/03

JAEA-Review-2022-078.pdf:2.64MB

Environmental radiation monitoring around the Tokai Reprocessing Plant has been performed by the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, based on "Safety Regulations for the Reprocessing Plant of Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Chapter IV - Environmental Monitoring". This annual report presents the results of the environmental monitoring and the dose estimation to the hypothetical inhabitant due to the radioactivity discharged from the plant to the atmosphere and the sea during April 2021 to March 2022. In this report, some data include the influence of the accidental release from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (the trade name was changed to Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. on April 1, 2016) in March 2011. Appendices present comprehensive information, such as monitoring programs, monitoring methods, monitoring results and their trends, meteorological data and discharged radioactive wastes. In addition, the data which were influenced by the accidental release and exceeded the normal range of fluctuation in the monitoring, were evaluated.

Journal Articles

Present status of the JAEA-AMS-TONO (2021)

Matsubara, Akihiro*; Fujita, Natsuko; Miyake, Masayasu; Ishii, Masahiro*; Watanabe, Takahiro; Kokubu, Yoko; Nishio, Tomohiro*; Ogawa, Yumi; Jinno, Satoshi; Kimura, Kenji; et al.

JAEA-Conf 2022-002, p.55 - 62, 2023/03

We report the present status of the JAEA-AMS-TONO. Particularly, the destructions of varistors used in the beamline equipment will be presented. The cause of the destruction as well as implementation of the safety measures are mentioned.

Journal Articles

Present status of the JAEA-AMS-TONO (2022FY)

Fujita, Natsuko; Miyake, Masayasu; Matsubara, Akihiro*; Ishii, Masahiro*; Watanabe, Takahiro; Jinno, Satoshi; Nishio, Tomohiro*; Ogawa, Yumi; Yamamoto, Yusuke; Kimura, Kenji; et al.

Dai-23-Kai AMS Shimpojiumu Hokokushu, p.1 - 4, 2022/12

The JAEA-AMS-TONO facility at the Tono Geoscience Center, JAEA has three accelerator mass spectrometers. We report the present status of the JAEA-AMS-TONO.

Journal Articles

Materials science and fuel technologies of uranium and plutonium mixed oxide

Kato, Masato; Machida, Masahiko; Hirooka, Shun; Nakamichi, Shinya; Ikusawa, Yoshihisa; Nakamura, Hiroki; Kobayashi, Keita; Ozawa, Takayuki; Maeda, Koji; Sasaki, Shinji; et al.

Materials Science and Fuel Technologies of Uranium and Plutonium mixed Oxide, 171 Pages, 2022/10

Innovative and advanced nuclear reactors using plutonium fuel has been developed in each country. In order to develop a new nuclear fuel, irradiation tests are indispensable, and it is necessary to demonstrate the performance and safety of nuclear fuels. If we can develop a technology that accurately simulates irradiation behavior as a technology that complements the irradiation test, the cost, time, and labor involved in nuclear fuel research and development will be greatly reduced. And safety and reliability can be significantly improved through simulation of nuclear fuel irradiation behavior. In order to evaluate the performance of nuclear fuel, it is necessary to know the physical and chemical properties of the fuel at high temperatures. And it is indispensable to develop a behavior model that describes various phenomena that occur during irradiation. In previous research and development, empirical methods with fitting parameters have been used in many parts of model development. However, empirical techniques can give very different results in areas where there is no data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to construct a scientific descriptive model that can extrapolate the basic characteristics of fuel to the composition and temperature, and to develop an irradiation behavior analysis code to which the model is applied.

Journal Articles

Calculation of deuteron-induced reaction cross-sections for nuclear transmutation of long-lived fission products

Nakayama, Shinsuke; Furutachi, Naoya; Iwamoto, Osamu; Watanabe, Yukinobu*

NEA/NSC/R(2020)4 (Internet), p.345 - 349, 2022/10

Long-lived fission products (LLFPs) generated in nuclear reactors are strongly desired to be converted to stable or short-lived nuclides. Recently, it has been considered to transmute LLFPs by spallation reactions with high energy particles, and some experimental studies revealed that spallation reaction cross-sections induced by deuteron are larger than proton-induced ones. These results suggest the possibility that nuclear transmutation of LLFPs using deuteron beams is more efficient than one using proton beams. On the other hand, we have been developing a code system dedicated for deuteron-induced reactions, called DEURACS. DEURACS has been originally developed to contribute to the design of deuteron accelerator neutron sources. In the present study, we apply DEURACS to calculation of deuteron-induced spallation reactions on LLFPs. Through comparison with measured data, the applicability of DEURACS will be discussed.

JAEA Reports

Research plan on geosphere stability for long-term isolation of radioactive waste (Scientific program for fiscal year 2022)

Sasao, Eiji; Ishimaru, Tsuneari; Niwa, Masakazu; Shimada, Akiomi; Shimada, Koji; Watanabe, Takahiro; Sueoka, Shigeru; Yokoyama, Tatsunori; Fujita, Natsuko; Ogita, Yasuhiro; et al.

JAEA-Review 2022-022, 29 Pages, 2022/09

JAEA-Review-2022-022.pdf:0.97MB

This report is a plan of research and development (R&D) on geosphere stability for long-term isolation of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), in fiscal year 2022. The objectives and contents in fiscal year 2022 are described in detail based on the JAEA 4th Medium- and Long-term Plan (fiscal years 2022-2028). In addition, the background of this research is described from the necessity and the significance for site investigation and safety assessment, and the past progress. The plan framework is structured into the following categories: (1) Development and systematization of investigation techniques, (2) Development of models for long-term estimation and effective assessment, (3) Development of dating techniques

Journal Articles

Design and actual performance of J-PARC 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron for high-intensity operation

Yamamoto, Kazami; Kinsho, Michikazu; Hayashi, Naoki; Saha, P. K.; Tamura, Fumihiko; Yamamoto, Masanobu; Tani, Norio; Takayanagi, Tomohiro; Kamiya, Junichiro; Shobuda, Yoshihiro; et al.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(9), p.1174 - 1205, 2022/09

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:84.2(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, the purpose of the 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) is to accelerate a 1 MW, high-intensity proton beam. To achieve beam operation at a repetition rate of 25 Hz at high intensities, the RCS was elaborately designed. After starting the RCS operation, we carefully verified the validity of its design and made certain improvements to establish a reliable operation at higher power as possible. Consequently, we demonstrated beam operation at a high power, namely, 1 MW. We then summarized the design, actual performance, and improvements of the RCS to achieve a 1 MW beam.

Journal Articles

Measurement of nuclide production cross sections for proton-induced reactions on $$^{rm nat}$$Ni and $$^{rm nat}$$Zr at 0.4, 1.3, 2.2, and 3.0 GeV

Takeshita, Hayato*; Meigo, Shinichiro; Matsuda, Hiroki*; Iwamoto, Hiroki; Nakano, Keita; Watanabe, Yukinobu*; Maekawa, Fujio

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 527, p.17 - 27, 2022/09

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.02(Instruments & Instrumentation)

To improve accuracy of nuclear design of accelerator driven nuclear transmutation systems and so on, nuclide production cross sections on Ni and Zr were measured for GeV energy protons. The measured results were compared with PHITS calculations, JENDL/HE-2007 and so on.

Journal Articles

Electrical properties and energy band alignment of SiO$$_{2}$$/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor structures fabricated on N-polar GaN(000$$bar{1}$$) substrates

Mizobata, Hidetoshi*; Tomigahara, Kazuki*; Nozaki, Mikito*; Kobayashi, Takuma*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Hosoi, Takuji*; Shimura, Takayoshi*; Watanabe, Heiji*

Applied Physics Letters, 121(6), p.062104_1 - 062104_6, 2022/08

The interface properties and energy band alignment of SiO$$_{2}$$/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures fabricated on N-polar GaN(000$$bar{1}$$) substrates were investigated by electrical measurements and synchrotron-radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They were then compared with those of SiO$$_{2}$$/GaN MOS structures on Ga-polar GaN(0001). Although the SiO$$_{2}$$/GaN(000$$bar{1}$$) structure was found to be more thermally unstable than that on the GaN(0001) substrate, excellent electrical properties were obtained for the SiO$$_{2}$$/GaN(000$$bar{1}$$) structure by optimizing conditions for post-deposition annealing. However, the conduction band offset for SiO$$_{2}$$/GaN(000$$bar{1}$$) was smaller than that for SiO$$_{2}$$/GaN(0001), leading to increased gate leakage current. Therefore, caution is needed when using N-polar GaN(000$$bar{1}$$) substrates for MOS device fabrication.

Journal Articles

Magnetic orderings from spin-orbit coupled electrons on kagome lattice

Watanabe, Jin*; Araki, Yasufumi; Kobayashi, Koji*; Ozawa, Akihiro*; Nomura, Kentaro*

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 91(8), p.083702_1 - 083702_5, 2022/08

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:0(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

We investigate magnetic orderings on kagome lattice numerically from the tight-binding Hamiltonian of electrons, governed by the filling factor and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of electrons. We find that even a simple kagome lattice model can host both ferromagnetic and noncollinear antiferromagnetic orderings depending on the electron filling, reflecting gap structures in the Dirac and flat bands characteristic to the kagome lattice. Kane-Mele- or Rashba-type SOC tends to stabilize noncollinear orderings, such a magnetic spirals and 120-degree antiferromagnetic orderings, due to the effective Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction from SOC. The obtained phase structure helps qualitative understanding of magnetic orderings in various kagome-layered materials with Weyl or Dirac electrons.

Journal Articles

Investigation of physical properties of glove for glove-box and estimation of its life-time

Kobayashi, Daisuke; Yamamoto, Masahiko; Nishida, Naoki; Miyoshi, Ryuta; Nemoto, Ryo*; Hayashi, Hiroyuki*; Kato, Keisuke; Nishino, Saki; Kuno, Takehiko; Kitao, Takahiko; et al.

Nihon Hozen Gakkai Dai-18-Kai Gakujutsu Koenkai Yoshishu, p.237 - 240, 2022/07

All gloves attached to glove-box in Tokai Reprocessing Plant have a fixed expiration date and have to be replaced every 4-year. However, degrees of glove deterioration are different depending on its usage environment (frequency, chemicals, radiation, etc.), because of rubber products. Therefore, physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, hardness of gloves are measured, and the life-time of gloves are estimated. As a result, gloves without any defects in its appearance have enough physical property for acceptance criteria of new glove. The extrapolated physical property of glove is sufficiently larger than the reported values of damaged glove. No deterioration in physical properties of gloves, that are periodically replaced without any defects in its appearance, is observed and the usable life-time of the glove is estimated to be 8 years.

Journal Articles

Effect of uniaxial tensile strain on binding energy of hydrogen atoms to vacancy-carbon-hydrogen complexes in $$alpha$$-iron

Hirayama, Shintaro*; Sato, Koichi*; Kato, Daiji*; Iwakiri, Hirotomo*; Yamaguchi, Masatake; Watanabe, Yoshiyuki*; Nozawa, Takashi*

Nuclear Materials and Energy (Internet), 31, p.101179_1 - 101179_9, 2022/06

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:49.42(Nuclear Science & Technology)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Comprehensive physical and electrical characterizations of NO nitrided SiO$$_{2}$$/4H-SiC(11$$overline{2}$$0) interfaces

Nakanuma, Takato*; Iwakata, Yu*; Watanabe, Arisa*; Hosoi, Takuji*; Kobayashi, Takuma*; Sometani, Mitsuru*; Okamoto, Mitsuo*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Shimura, Takayoshi*; Watanabe, Heiji*

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 61(SC), p.SC1065_1 - SC1065_8, 2022/05

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:83.2(Physics, Applied)

Nitridation of SiO$$_{2}$$/4H-SiC(11$$overline{2}$$0) interfaces with post-oxidation annealing in an NO ambient (NO-POA) and its impact on the electrical properties were investigated. Sub-nm-resolution nitrogen depth profiling at the interfaces was conducted by using a scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy microprobe. The results showed that nitrogen atoms were incorporated just at the interface and that interface nitridation proceeded much faster than at SiO$$_{2}$$/SiC(0001) interfaces, resulting in a 2.3 times higher nitrogen concentration. Electrical characterizations of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors were conducted through capacitance-voltage ($$C-V$$) measurements in the dark and under illumination with ultraviolet light to evaluate the electrical defects near the conduction and valence band edges and those causing hysteresis and shifting of the $$C-V$$ curves. While all of these defects were passivated with the progress of the interface nitridation, excessive nitridation resulted in degradation of the MOS capacitors. The optimal conditions for NO-POA are discussed on the basis of these experimental findings.

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