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Yao, X.*; Chen, P.*; Verma, R.*; Zhao, X.*; Yang, H.-Y.*; DeBeer-Schmitt, L.*; Aczel, A. A.*; Wu, C.-M.*; Alba Venero, D.*; 大原 高志; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 136(8), p.086702_1 - 086702_6, 2026/02
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：82.83(Physics, Multidisciplinary)We demonstrate that a multi-k incommensurate magnetic state in the Weyl semimetal CeAlGe gives rise to a singular angular magnetoresistance (SAMR), which is an electrical transport signature capable of detecting magnetic field direction with exceptional precision. In contrast, its sister compound CeAlSi is devoid of both multi-k order and SAMR. We reveal that both phenomena appear upon 57% Ge substitution in CeAlSi1-xGex and coincide with electronic structure changes that soften the single-ion in-plane anisotropy and enhance Weyl-mediated magnetic interactions. These results unveil a remarkable connection between band topology, electronic transport, and collective magnetism in Weyl semimetals.
Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Zhang, R.*; Su, Y. H.; Ao, N.*; Li, Z. W.*; 篠原 武尚; 菖蒲 敬久; Wu, S. C.*
International Journal of Fatigue, 202, p.109233_1 - 109233_16, 2026/01
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：68.30(Engineering, Mechanical)The surface induction-hardened S38C medium carbon steel shows a good balance of strength and toughness, but complicates the evaluation of fatigue resistance, mainly because of gradient residual stress (RS) and grains. An integrated fatigue resistance assessment (AIFA) framework was proposed to consider the residual stress relief under stochastic loads. To this end, quasi-in situ neutron diffraction and Bragg-edge imaging were combined to probe the evolution of residual stress during crack propagation. Firstly, a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle dynamics model was adopted to obtain the time-domain variable amplitude loading spectrum. Then, Fortran subroutines were developed to assign these data into full-scale S38C axle model, and the remaining life was predicted using the damage tolerance approach. The results demonstrate that crack propagation would accelerate when residual stress is considered in the case of the crack depth exceeding 3.0 mm. It is, for the first time, found that 15 mm- and 5 mm-thickness fan-shaped specimens can retain the axial and hoop residual strain in terms of diffraction angle variation, respectively, for full-scale structural S38C steel axles. In the absence of RS, the remaining life of the axle decreases sharply from 624,800 to 51,300 km as the crack depth increases from 3.0 to 16 mm. Compared with the standard method under constant amplitude loading without residual stress relief, the present AIFA method provides the more accurate but conservative fatigue life prediction.
Ou-Yang, Z.-X.*; Gubler, P.; 岡 眞*; Wang, G.-J.*; Wu, J.-J.*
Physical Review D, 112(11), p.114034_1 - 114034_13, 2025/12
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Astronomy & Astrophysics)We propose an extension of the QCD sum rules, termed the resonance sum rules, to access resonance poles in the complex energy plane. By strategically introducing a contour in the complex plane and conformal mapping, the method intends to reach resonance poles on the second Riemann sheet. To validate this approach, we apply resonance sum rules to the square-well potential model, for which the pole locations are known. The analysis demonstrates a successful extraction of the pole positions and residues for both the S-wave and P-wave resonances. The results are in good agreement with the analytic solutions, with discrepancies within 5% for the pole positions and 20% for the residues. This framework provides a basis for future applications to realistic hadronic resonances, promising new insights into spectral properties of QCD.
Hu, F.-F.*; Qin, T.-Y.*; Ao, N.*; 徐 平光; Su, Y. H.; Parker, J. D.*; 篠原 武尚; 菖蒲 敬久; Kang, G.-Z.*; Ren, M.-M.; et al.
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 25(2), p.75 - 93, 2025/04
To accurately predict the remaining lifetime of surface-strengthened railway axles, a damage tolerance method considering three-dimensional (3D) residual stresses was proposed. By taking the induction-hardened carbon steel S38C axle as an example, two-dimensional (2D) distribution characterization of residual strain and 3D residual stress measurement were performed through comprehensive application of the neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging and angle-dispersive neutron diffraction experiments. A numerical method was employed to implant the 3D residual stress into the axle model, and the remaining lifetime of the full-scale axle was studied by coupling the measured load spectrum, press-fit loads, and residual stresses. Experimental results shows that, both axial and hoop directions present a compressive residual strain gradient layer of about 3 mm, with a maximum compressive residual strain of up to -4500 
in the surface layer, yet a maximum tensile strain of up to 1000 in the core. The maximum axial and hoop compressive stresses of the axle are about -500 MPa and -303 MPa respectively, while radial stresses overall fluctuate in the zero mean stress range. At depths beyond 4.5 mm from the surface layer, all three components are tensile stresses. The axle surface layer is subjected to compressive residual stresses, and crack propagation does not occur if the crack depth is less than 4.5 mm. Nevertheless, cracks propagate accelerates when the crack depth is greater than 4.5 mm. Different crack propagation depth thresholds lead to a larger calculated remaining lifetime for the residual stress-free condition than for the case where 3D residual stresses are taken into account. However, the axle remaining service mileage of the axle of 227000 Km under the most conservative conditions exceeds 3.5 non-destructive inspection (NDI) cycles, with a large safety margin. The experimental results can provide a scientific reference for the development and optimization of NDI cycles for surface-strengthened railway axles.
Jin, H.*; Choi, E. S.*; Wu, H.-C.*; Curro, N. J.*; 那波 和宏*; 佐藤 卓*; 鬼柳 亮嗣; 大原 高志; Klavins, P.*; Taufour, V.*
Physical Review B, 111(3), p.035103_1 - 035103_7, 2025/01
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)We report on neutron diffraction, magnetoresistance, magnetization and magnetic torque measurements under high magnetic field in the helical antiferromagnet CeVGe. This compound exhibits Kondo lattice coherence and helical antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at ambient pressure, similar to the well-studied CeRhIn
. Our measurements reveal that CeVGe undergoes a magnetic transition from an incommensurate (ICM) AFM state to an up-up-down-down commensurate (CM) AFM structure, followed by a transition to a novel phase at higher fields. A quantum phase transition occurs around 21.3 T. This rich magnetic field phase diagram closely resembles that of CeRhIn. Furthermore, angle-dependent magnetoresistance measurements reveal that all transitions in CeVGe occur from the field component along the ab plane. These findings highlight the intricate interplay among exchange interactions, crystal field effects, ground state properties, and crystalline symmetries.
Hu, F. F.*; Qin, T. Y.*; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; Zhou, L.*; 徐 平光; Parker, J. D.*; 篠原 武尚; Chen, J.*; Wu, S. C.*
Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 306, p.110267_1 - 110267_18, 2024/08
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：47.48(Mechanics)Non-destructive and quantitative mapping of gradient residual strain distribution in surface-hardened railway S38C axles could provide a positive reference for determining service lifetime and maintenance strategy. To tackle this concern, time-of-flight neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging was employed by real axle samples with and without impacted crater. A novel and simple procedure to formulate the residual strain field was also developed in this work, with the transmission batch code in Appendix A. By mapping the global two- dimensional residual strains, it can be verified that the residual strains into the axle are uniformly distributed in the hoop direction. Subsequently, it was revealed that the axial and hoop residual strains, respectively in the cylinder and the long strip samples prepared from a real S38C hollow axle, indicated a gradient evolution distribution with a depth of 
8 mm, covering a range of -5500 1000 for axial strains and -6500 1000 for hoop strains. More importantly, the maximum compressive lattice strain of the cylinder sample was increased by 15.61%, and 22.35% at the impacting speeds of 100, and 125 m/s, respectively; and that of the long strip sample increased by 29.17%, and 43.70%, respectively. It can thus be concluded that lattice strains have redistributed around the impact crater, demonstrating the local alteration of the residual strain field. These new findings suggest the localized variation in residual strains should be taken into account while evaluating the service damage evolution of railway axles, especially those affected by high-speed impacts during operation.
Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Zhang, H.*; Zhou, L.*; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; 菖蒲 敬久; Wu, S. C.*
International Journal of Fatigue, 185, p.108336_1 - 108336_13, 2024/08
被引用回数：17 パーセンタイル：87.00(Engineering, Mechanical)Gradient distribution of triaxial residual stresses to a depth of several millimeters is retained in middle carbon steel S38C axles after high-frequency induction hardening, which has become a critical concern for fatigue structural integrity. To address this, the axial, hoop, and radial gradient residual strains inside the axles were measured for the first time by advanced neutron diffraction. The SIGINI Fortran subroutine was then adopted to reconstruct the global initial residual stress field from the measured data. Experimental and simulation results show that residual stresses of about -520 MPa (axial), -710 MPa (hoop), and -40 MPa (radial) residual stress were retained below the axle surface. Subsequently, the fatigue crack propagation behavior of S38C axles was numerically investigated in the framework of fracture mechanics. The calculated results clearly show that the compressive residual stresses at a depth of 0?3 mm from the axle surface lead to a low crack growth driving force, and that fatigue cracks do not propagate as long as the crack depth is less than 3.7 mm for hollow S38C axles. These results further indicate that the maximum defect size allowed in routine inspections is acceptable from a safety and economic point of view. Accurate measurement and characterization of the global gradient residual stress field through experiments and simulations can provide an important reference for optimizing the mileage intervals of nondestructive testing (NDT) of surface defects in these surface-strengthened railway axles.
Zhou, L.*; Zhang, H.*; Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; He, L. H.*; Li, X. H.*; Zhang, J. R.*; et al.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 55(7), p.2175 - 2185, 2024/07
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：40.84(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)High-speed railway S38C axles undergo surface induction hardening for durability, but are susceptible to fatigue cracks from foreign object impact. The neutron diffraction method was employed to measure the residual strain in S38C axles, obtaining microscopic lattice distortion data, for the gradient layer at a depth of 8 mm under the surface. The results showed that after induction-hardening, the microscopic lattice distortion had a gradient distribution, decreasing with the distance from the surface. However, in the case of impacting speed of 600 km/m, the average microscopic lattice distortion increased with the distance from the surface, reaching a maximum augmentation of 55 pct. These findings indicate a strong experimental basis, and improve our understanding of the relationship between macroscopic residual stress and decision-making, in regard to operation and maintenance.
Baccou, J.*; Glantz, T.*; Ghione, A.*; Sargentini, L.*; Fillion, P.*; Damblin, G.*; Sueur, R.*; Iooss, B.*; Fang, J.*; Liu, J.*; et al.
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 421, p.113035_1 - 113035_16, 2024/05
被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：92.19(Nuclear Science & Technology)In the Best-Estimate Plus Uncertainty (BEPU) framework, the use of best-estimate code requires to go through a Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification process (VVUQ). The relevance of the experimental data in relation to the physical phenomena of interest in the VVUQ process is crucial. Adequacy analysis of selected experimental databases addresses this problem. The outcomes of the analysis can be used to select a subset of relevant experimental data, to encourage designing new experiments or to drop some experiments from a database because of their substantial lack of adequacy. The development of a specific transparent and reproducible approach to analyze the relevance of experimental data for VVUQ still remains open and is the topic of this contribution. In this paper, the concept of adequacy initially introduced in the OECD/NEA SAPIUM (Systematic APproach for model Input Uncertainty quantification Methodology) activity is formalized. It is defined through two key properties, called representativeness and completeness, that allows considering the multifactorial dimension of the adequacy problem. A new systematic approach is then proposed to analyze the adequacy of a set of experimental databases. It relies on the introduction of two sets of criteria to characterize representativeness and completeness and on the use of multi-criteria decision analysis method to perform the analysis. Finally, the approach is applied in the framework of the new OECD/NEA ATRIUM activity which includes a set of practical IUQ exercises in thermal-hydraulics to test the SAPIUM guideline in determining input uncertainties and forward propagating them on an application case. It allows evaluating the adequacy of eight experimental databases coming from the Super Moby-dick, Sozzi-Sutherland and Marviken experiments and identifying the most adequate ones.
Eaton, A. G.*; Weinberger, T. I.*; Popiel, N. J. M.*; Wu, Z.*; Hickey, A. J.*; Cabala, A.*; Posp
il, J.*; Prokleka, J.*; Haidamak, T.*; Bastien, G.*; et al.
Nature Communications (Internet), 15, p.223_1 - 223_10, 2024/01
被引用回数：46 パーセンタイル：98.53(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Fermi surfaces (FSs) of the anomalous UTe were successfully detected using quantum oscillation technique on an ultrapure single crystal. The shape of FS was reproduced from the experimental data revealing two cylindrical quasi-two-dimensional FSs. This analysis suggests that a fairly strong nesting nature possibly leading to magnetic fluctuations responsible for the triplet superconductivity.
Zhang, A.*; Deng, K.*; Sheng, J.*; Liu, P.*; Kumar, S.*; 島田 賢也*; Jiang, Z.*; Liu, Z.*; Shen, D.*; Li, J.*; et al.
Chinese Physics Letters, 40(12), p.126101_1 - 126101_8, 2023/12
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：85.34(Physics, Multidisciplinary)In a Dirac semimetal, the massless Dirac fermion has zero chirality, leading to surface states connected adiabatically to a topologically trivial surface state as well as vanishing anomalous Hall effect. Recently, itis predicted that in the nonrelativistic limit of certain collinear antiferromagnets, there exists a type of chiral "Dirac-like" fermion, whose dispersion manifests four-fold degenerate crossing points formed by spin-degenerate linear bands, with topologically protected Fermi arcs. Here, by combining with neutron diffraction and first-principles calculations, we suggest a multidomain collinear antiferromagnetic configuration, rendering the existence of the Fermi-arc surface states induced by chiral Dirac-like fermions.
Ao, N.*; Zhang, H.*; Xu, H. H.*; Wu, S. C.*; Liu, D.*; 徐 平光; Su, Y. H.; Kang, Q. H.*; Kang, G. Z.*
Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 281, p.109166_1 - 109166_14, 2023/03
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：77.38(Mechanics)Considering the complex service environments that high-speed railway axles are subjected to, the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of a structurally gradient axle steel with different pre-crack depths both in air and corrosive medium was investigated at a frequency of 5 Hz. The results indicated that in the high 
region, FCG rate was dramatically accelerated by corrosion, but the gap narrows as decreased. The accelerated corrosion FCG rate was a comprehensive result of the acceleration effect of the anodic dissolution, hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity and the retardation effect of corrosion-induced crack-tip blunting. Despite the fact that the corrosion resistance gradually decreased as the pre-crack depth increased, the FCG rate in the corrosive medium gradually decreased. This was because fatigue loading played a more important role than corrosion in accelerating the corrosion FCG rate.
Ne at the boundary of the island of inversionRevel, A.*; Wu, J.*; 岩崎 弘典*; Ash, J.*; Bazin, D.*; Brown, B. A.*; Chen, J.*; Elder, R.*; Farris, P.*; Gade, A.*; et al.
Physics Letters B, 838, p.137704_1 - 137704_7, 2023/03
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：51.43(Astronomy & Astrophysics)中性子数20近傍の中性子過剰核は、魔法数20が消滅して原子核が大きく変形していることが知られており、その魔法数が消滅する領域は逆転の島と呼ばれている。Neは中性子数19で逆転の島の境界線上に位置するとされてきたが、その変形度は不明だった。ミシガン州立大学の国立サイクロトロン研究所にてNeのクーロン励起反応実験を行った結果、931keVの励起状態への
値が163
fm
と大きな値となり、大きく変形していることが確かめられた。この実験結果をよく使われているいくつかの殻模型計算と比較したところ、大きな値は概ね再現するものの、励起エネルギーの一致は不十分であり、理論の改善が必要であるとわかった。
Zhang, H.*; Wu, S. C.*; Ao, N.*; Zhang, J. W.*; Li, H.*; Zhou, L.*; 徐 平光; Su, Y. H.
International Journal of Fatigue, 166, p.107296_1 - 107296_11, 2023/01
被引用回数：31 パーセンタイル：87.72(Engineering, Mechanical)Abnormal damages in railway axles can lead to a significant hazard to running safety and reliability. To this end, a surface treatment was selected to effectively inhibit fatigue crack initiation and growth. In this study, a single edge notch bending fatigue test campaign with artificial notches was conducted to elucidate the fatigue crack non-propagation behavior in railway S38C axles subjected to an induction hardening process. The fatigue cracking behavior in the gradient structure was revealed by optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and fractography. The microhardness distribution was measured using a Vickers tester. The obtained results show that the microhardness of the strengthening layer is nearly triple that of the matrix. Owing to the gradient microstructures and hardness, as well as compressive residual stress, the fatigue long crack propagates faster once it passes through the hardened zone (approximately 2.0 mm in the radial depth). Thereafter, local retarding (including deflection, branching, and blunting) of the long crack occurs because of the relatively coarse ferrite and pearlite in the transition region and matrix. Totally, this fatigue cracking resistance is reasonably believed to be due to the gradient microstructure and residual stress. These findings help to tailor a suitable detection strategy for maximum defects or cracks in railway axles.
Wu, P.*; 村井 直樹; Li, T.*; 梶本 亮一; 中村 充孝; 古府 麻衣子; 中島 健次; Xia, K.*; Peng, K.*; Zhang, Y.*; et al.
New Journal of Physics (Internet), 25(1), p.013032_1 - 013032_11, 2023/01
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：26.91(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The understanding of the lattice dynamics is essential for engineering the thermal transport properties in quantum materials. Based on the canonical point of view, acoustic phonons are believed to be the principal thermal carriers in heat flow. Here, in this work, optical phonons are elucidated to play a pivotal role in determining the lattice thermal conductivity in thermoelectric material SnS by using the state-of-the-art inelastic neutron scattering technique combined with first-principles calculations. Additionally, in contrast to acoustic phonons, optical phonons are observed to exhibit pronounced softening and broadening with temperature. Our observations not only shed light on the significance of the optical phonons in thermal transport but also provide a vital clue to suppress the propagation of optical phonons to optimize the thermoelectric performance of SnS.
Zhang, J.*; Kuang, L.*; Mou, Z.*; 近藤 俊明*; 小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子; Li, Y.*; Tang, X.*; Wang, Y.-P.*; Pe
uelas, J.*; et al.
Plant and Soil, 481(1-2), p.349 - 365, 2022/12
被引用回数：15 パーセンタイル：75.01(Agronomy)Soil warming effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and stabilization are highly variable, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, concentration, stability (dissolved, particle and mineral-associated SOC), and source (plant-derived and microbial-derived) of SOC, soil microbial community composition, and enzyme activities were studied in a 10-year soil warming field experiment in an East Asian monsoon forest. The results showed that 10-year soil warming significantly enhanced SOC in the top 0-10 cm soil. The increased SOC induced by warming was mainly derived from plants with lignin markers, accompanied by a decrease in microbial-derived SOC. This highlights an urgent need for a better understanding of how the contrasting effects of plant- and microbial-derived C mediate the response of the SOC pool to warming across different biomes.
BaCo(PO
)Sheng, J.*; Wang, L.*; Candini, A.*; Jiang, W.*; Huang, L.*; Xi, B.*; Zhao, J.*; Ge, H.*; Zhao, N.*; Fu, Y.*; et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(51), p.e2211193119_1 - e2211193119_9, 2022/12
被引用回数：53 パーセンタイル：95.37(Multidisciplinary Sciences)Although considerable progress has been made in the theoretical understanding of the low-dimensional frustrated quantum magnets, experimental realizations of a well-established scaling analysis are still scarce. This is particularly true for the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic triangular lattices. Owing to the small exchange strength, the newly discovered compound NaBaCo(PO) provides a rare opportunity for clarifying the quantum criticality in an ideal triangular lattice with quantum spin S=1/2. In addition to the establishment of the complete phase diagrams, the spin Hamiltonian with a negligible interplane interaction has been determined through the spin wave dispersion in the polarized state, which is consistent with the observation of a two-dimensional quantum critical point with the Bose-Einstein condensation of diluted free bosons.
Liu, B.*; Feng, R.*; Busch, M.*; Wang, S.*; Wu, H.*; Liu, P.*; Gu, J.*; Bahadoran, A.*; 松村 大樹; 辻 卓也; et al.
ACS Nano, 16(9), p.14121 - 14133, 2022/09
被引用回数：133 パーセンタイル：98.68(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)Pt single-atom materials possess an ideal atom economy but suffer from limited intrinsic activity and side reaction of producing HO in catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we demonstrate that anchoring platinum alloys on single-atom Pt-decorated carbon (Pt- SAC) surmounts their inherent deficiencies, thereby enabling a complete four-electron ORR pathway catalysis with high efficiency and durability. PtCo@Pt-SAC demonstrates an exceptional mass and specific activities 1 order of magnitude higher than those of commercial Pt/C. They are durable throughout 50000 cycles, showing only a 10 mV decay in halfwave potential. The superior durability is attributed to the shielding effect of the Pt-SAC coating, which significantly mitigates the dissolution of PtCo cores.
Wu, P.*; Fan, F.-R.*; 萩原 雅人*; 古府 麻衣子; Peng, K.*; 石川 喜久*; Lee, S.*; 本田 孝志*; 米村 雅雄*; 池田 一貴*; et al.
New Journal of Physics (Internet), 22(8), p.083083_1 - 083083_9, 2020/08
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：68.88(Physics, Multidisciplinary)熱電材料SnSeは、過去数年間で世界的な関心を呼び、その固有の強い格子非調和性は、その優れた熱電性能の重要な要素と見なされている。一方、SnSeにおける格子非調和性の理解は、特にフォノンダイナミクスがこの動作によってどのように影響を受けるかに関して、依然として不十分である。そのため、中性子全散乱,非弾性中性子散乱,ラマン分光法、および凍結フォノン計算により、Na
Sn
Se
S
の格子力学の包括的な研究を行った。格子非調和性は、対分布関数、非弾性中性子散乱、およびラマン測定によって確かめられた。熱膨張と多重フォノン散乱の影響を分離することにより、後者は高エネルギー光学フォノンモードで非常に重要であることがわかった。フォノンモードの強い温度依存性は、この系の非調和性を示している。さらに、我々のデータは、Sドーピングにより、高エネルギー光学フォノンの線幅が広がることを明らかにした。私たちの研究は、SnSeの熱電性能は、フォノンエンジニアリングを介して格子熱伝導率への高エネルギー光学フォノンモードの寄与を減らすことによってさらに強化できることを示唆する。
CoLokotko, T.*; Leblond, S.*; Lee, J.*; Doornenbal, P.*; Obertelli, A.*; Poves, A.*; Nowacki, F.*; 緒方 一介*; 吉田 数貴; Authelet, G.*; et al.
Physical Review C, 101(3), p.034314_1 - 034314_7, 2020/03
被引用回数：17 パーセンタイル：78.88(Physics, Nuclear)中性子過剰核であるCoに対する(
)ノックアウト反応が理化学研究所RIBFで測定された。
coincidenceの方法で準位構造が決定され、測定された包括的断面積および排他的断面積から暫定的ではあるがスピン・パリティが決定された。殻模型計算との比較により、Coの低励起状態には球形核と変形核が共存することが示唆された。
