Soil microbial community responding to moderately elevated nitrogen deposition in a Japanese cool temperate forest surrounded by fertilized grasslands

Nagano, Hirohiko; Nakayama, Masataka*; Katata, Genki*; Fukushima, Keitaro*; Yamaguchi, Takashi*; Watanabe, Makoto*; Kondo, Toshiaki*; Atarashi-Andoh, Mariko; Kubota, Tomohiro*; Tateno, Ryunosuke*; et al.

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 67(5), p.606 - 616, 2021/10

https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2021.1974799

We analyzed the relationships between nitrogen deposition (deposition of nitrate and ammonium ions) and soil microbial properties in a cool temperate forest surrounded by normally fertilized pasture grasslands in northern Japan. The aim of the present study was to gain the primary information on soil microbial response to moderately elevated nitrogen deposition ( 10 kg N ha y). We established three experimental plots in the forest edge adjacent to grasslands and other three plots in the forest interior at least 700 m away from the grasslands. During May to November 2018, nitrogen deposition in each plot was measured. In August 2018, litter and soil (0-5 cm depth) samples were collected from all plots to measure net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates as indicators of microbial activity, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and various gene abundances (i.e. bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS, bacterial amoA, and archaeal amoA genes) as indicators of microbial abundance and structure. Nitrogen deposition in the forest edge was 1.4-fold greater than that in the forest interior, even while the maximum deposition was 3.7 kg N ha. Nitrogen deposition was significantly correlated to the net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates and the 16S rRNA and bacterial amoA gene abundances. Microbial community structures were different between litter and soil samples but were similar between the forest edge and interior. Significant correlations of nitrogen deposition to the soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, and the nitrate and ammonium contents were also observed. Thus, our results show that moderately elevated nitrogen deposition in nitrogen-limited forest edges can stimulate microbial activities and abundances in soils.

Development and operation of an electrostatic time-of-flight detector for the Rare RI storage Ring

Nagae, Daisuke*; Abe, Yasushi*; Okada, Shunsuke*; Omika, Shuichiro*; Wakayama, Kiyoshi*; Hosoi, Shun*; Suzuki, Shinji*; Moriguchi, Tetsuro*; Amano, Masamichi*; Kamioka, Daiki*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 986, p.164713_1 - 164713_7, 2021/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164713

The Surface composition of asteroid 162173 Ryugu from Hayabusa2 near-infrared spectroscopy

Kitazato, Kohei*; Milliken, R. E.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Matsuura, Shuji*; Arai, Takehiko*; Nakauchi, Yusuke*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Matsuoka, Moe*; et al.

Science, 364(6437), p.272 - 275, 2019/04

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7432

The near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu, the target of Hayabusa2 sample return mission, is believed to be a primitive carbonaceous object. The Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on Hayabusa2 acquired reflectance spectra of Ryugu's surface to provide direct measurements of the surface composition and geological context for the returned samples. A weak, narrow absorption feature centered at 2.72 micron was detected across the entire observed surface, indicating that hydroxyl (OH)-bearing minerals are ubiquitous there. The intensity of the OH feature and low albedo are similar to thermally- and/or shock-metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. There are few variations in the OH-band position, consistent with Ryugu being a compositionally homogeneous rubble-pile object generated from impact fragments of an undifferentiated aqueously altered parent body.

The H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB); A Comprehensive annotation resource for human genes and transcripts

Yamasaki, Chisato*; Murakami, Katsuhiko*; Fujii, Yasuyuki*; Sato, Yoshiharu*; Harada, Erimi*; Takeda, Junichi*; Taniya, Takayuki*; Sakate, Ryuichi*; Kikugawa, Shingo*; Shimada, Makoto*; et al.

Nucleic Acids Research, 36(Database), p.D793 - D799, 2008/01

https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm999

Here we report the new features and improvements in our latest release of the H-Invitational Database, a comprehensive annotation resource for human genes and transcripts. H-InvDB, originally developed as an integrated database of the human transcriptome based on extensive annotation of large sets of fulllength cDNA (FLcDNA) clones, now provides annotation for 120 558 human mRNAs extracted from the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases (INSD), in addition to 54 978 human FLcDNAs, in the latest release H-InvDB. We mapped those human transcripts onto the human genome sequences (NCBI build 36.1) and determined 34 699 human gene clusters, which could define 34 057 protein-coding and 642 non-protein-coding loci; 858 transcribed loci overlapped with predicted pseudogenes.

The 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Inc.

Furukawa, Tomohiro; Yamaguchi, Akira

PNC TN9600 98-003, 47 Pages, 1998/05

PNC-TN9600-98-003.pdf:4.58MB

None

Defect detection and repair for FBR SG tubes, 4; System integration and repairing demonstration

Yamaguchi, Toshihiko; Oka, Kiyoshi; Akatsu, Tomohiro*; Yamashita, Takuya

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Laser welding repair by a new probing system for FBR heat exchanger tubes

Nishimura, Akihiko; Yamaguchi, Toshihiko; Akatsu, Tomohiro*; Ito, Fuyumi; Oka, Kiyoshi

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Observation of strain relaxation in MBE-grown nitride semiconductors by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Sasaki, Takuo; Deki, Ryota; Ishikawa, Fumitaro*; Yamaguchi, Tomohiro*; Takahashi, Masamitsu

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Depositional sequence of the Post-LGM incised-valley fill controlled by seismic crustal deformation and large-scale lahars; An Example of SKM core obtained from the Sukumo coastal lowland along the Nankai Trough, Japan

Nanayama, Futoshi*; Yamaguchi, Tatsuhiko*; Nakanishi, Toshimichi; Tsuji, Tomohiro*; Ikeda, Michiharu*; Kondo, Yasuo*; Miwa, Michiko*; Sugiyama, Shinji*; Kimura, Kazunari*

no journal, , 

The characteristics of the post-LGM incised valley fills and the depositional sequence were examined the SKM core collected in the Sukumo coastal lowland, where is expected to huge seismic subsidence due to the Nankai Trough great earthquakes. Our sedimentological, radiocarbon dating and paleoenvironmental results are as bellows. Sediments of the SKM core clearly show a succession influenced by post-glacial sea level change. The Matsuda River incised valley was formed in LGM and filled by fluvial sand and gravels in late Pleistocene. After the postglacial transgression, sea level reached -30 m (a.s.l.) at 9.8 ka and the incised valley changed to an estuary environment. The sea level continued to rise and it became an inner bay mud bottom environment, and reaching a maximum water depth was at 7.5 ka. The 7.3 ka Kikai caldera eruption in southern Kyushu caused heavy K-Ah ash fall in southwestern Shikoku, and then large-scale lahars frequently occurred immediately after the ash fall because of the vicinity of volcanic source. After ash fall, the K-Ah secondary sediments rapidly deposited on the inner bay environment and caused forced regression. After 7.0 ka, the growth of the delta became active ahead of the other regions, which may be due to the large K-Ah ash fall. At 5 ka, the sea level reached + 2.5 m (a.s.l.) estimated by the Sukumo midden and this altitude is recognized as the Holocene marine limit in this area. The information on relative sea level change during the past 10000 years has revealed that the Sukumo Bay area has not subsided due to seismic crustal deformation.

Nitrate contamination of mountainous headwater streams from adjacent agricultural and pasture lands beyond the watershed boundary in eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Fukushima, Keitaro*; Iwasaki, Kenta*; Oda, Yoshiya*; Sakai, Masaru*; Katata, Genki*; Yamaguchi, Takashi*; Kubota, Tomohiro*; Nagano, Hirohiko; Watanabe, Makoto*; Koarashi, Jun

no journal, , 

Nitrogen retention in the forest ecosystem can be mainly evaluated as a balance between input of atmospheric reactive N and hydrological N loss at a watershed scale. As an assumption for the evaluation, it has been proposed that the watershed is completely "closed", namely, the source of water flowing out from the watershed is rainwater fell into the watershed. This means that exchange of N transported with water between the watershed and the adjacent watershed beyond the watershed boundary is ignored. However, is this assumption applicable for all forested watersheds? If not, nitrogen retention in the watershed may not be evaluated accurately. In our presentation, we aim to elucidate the source of streamwater nitrate-N in the forested watershed whose water balance are not possibly closed.