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Journal Articles

Metallurgical analysis of lithium test assembly operated for 1200 h

Furukawa, Tomohiro; Kondo, Hiroo; Kanemura, Takuji; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Hoashi, Eiji*; Suzuki, Sachiko*; Horiike, Hiroshi*

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(7-8), p.1674 - 1678, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:8.95(Nuclear Science & Technology)

One key issue in the development of the IFMIF is the corrosion/erosion of the lithium components. At Osaka University, lithium free-surface flow experiments to verify the design of the IFMIF target have been carried out, and the test assembly was operated in high-speed lithium flow for 1200 hours at 300 $$^{circ}$$C. Since the test assembly is important to understand the corrosion/erosion behavior as the demonstration experimental data, the metallurgical analysis was been performed. Slight irregularities which were trace of high-speed lithium flow were observed at the tip of the nozzle. On the other hand, mottled unevenness with many micro-cracks of a few micrometer depths was observed at the inlet of the nozzle, whose velocity ratio was 0.1-0.4 as compared with the nozzle tip. It was estimated that the phenomena was caused by carburizing from liquid lithium, and it was newly proven that carbon control in lithium was also important for corrosion / erosion protection of the IFMIF components.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of applicability of laser-based distance meter to measure Li-jet thickness for IFMIF/EVEDA project

Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Hoashi, Eiji*; Suzuki, Sachiko*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Wakai, Eiichi

Fusion Engineering and Design, 89(7-8), p.1642 - 1647, 2014/10

 Times Cited Count:12 Percentile:70.4(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), a device to measure thickness variation of a high-speed (15 m/s) liquid lithium (Li) jet must be developed. The required measurement precision is 0.1 mm. For this purpose, we newly focused on a laser-based distance meter. This paper describes the result of an applicability test of the new sensor conducted in the Osaka University Li Loop. In the experiment, thickness variation of a Li jet (10 mm in thickness) was measured at the sampling frequency of 500 kHz in the velocity range of 10 to 15 m/s at the Li temperature of 573 K under argon atmosphere of 0.12 MPa. To evaluate the applicability of the device, the measurement precision of the Li level was evaluated. As a result, the precision was approximately 9 $$mu$$m. Thus, we concluded that the laser-based distance meter is applicable to the measurement of the Li target thickness.

Journal Articles

Fabrication and performance test of contact-type liquid level sensor for measuring thickness variation of liquid lithium jet in the IFMIF/EVEDA lithium test loop

Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Hoashi, Eiji*; Suzuki, Sachiko*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Ida, Mizuho; Matsushita, Izuru*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 88(9-10), p.2547 - 2551, 2013/10

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:32.63(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) project of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), thickness variation of a liquid lithium (Li) jet simulating the IFMIF Li target is to be measured in the EVEDA Li Test Loop. This paper presents fabrication and performance tests results of a contact-type liquid level sensor for measuring the jet thickness variation. The sensor can detect contacts between a probe and Li, and analysis of the contact signals yields average jet thickness and amplitude distribution. One of the key fabrication requirements is to drive the probe by 0.1 mm step with positioning precision of 0.01 mm under the vacuum condition of 10$$^{-3}$$Pa. To achieve such requirements, a high torque motor reducer and a friction-reduced ball screw were selected. As a result of the performance tests, the measurement results of the positioning resolution and precision were 0.1 mm and 0.01 mm, respectively.

Journal Articles

Initial results of the large liquid lithium test loop for the IFMIF target

Kondo, Hiroo; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Kanemura, Takuji; Ida, Mizuho; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Nakamura, Kazuyuki; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Matsushita, Izuru*; et al.

Proceedings of 24th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2012) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2013/03

Construction and initial performance tests of EVEDA (Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities) Lithium Test Loop (ELTL) were completed and therefore one of the major milestones in the engineering validation toward IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) was accomplished. The ELTL, which holds 2.5-ton Li, is a proto-type of a Li target facility of the IFMIF and is the largest-ever liquid lithium loop in the history of the fusion research.

Journal Articles

Development of lithium target system in engineering validation and engineering design activity of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF/EVEDA)

Wakai, Eiichi; Kondo, Hiroo; Sugimoto, Masayoshi; Fukada, Satoshi*; Yagi, Juro*; Ida, Mizuho; Kanemura, Takuji; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; et al.

Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 88(12), p.691 - 705, 2012/12

AA2012-1008.pdf:2.42MB

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Completion of IFMIF/EVEDA lithium test loop construction

Kondo, Hiroo; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Iuchi, Hiroshi; Kanemura, Takuji; Ida, Mizuho; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Matsushita, Izuru*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(5-6), p.418 - 422, 2012/08

 Times Cited Count:23 Percentile:84.08(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The EVEDA Li test loop (ELTL) successfully completed its construction and installation of a total of 2.5-ton Li in the frame work of the IFMIF/EVEDA as one of the ITER-BA. The construction was started on Nov. 2009 in the Oarai site of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency and completed on the middle of Nov. 2010 after passing an authority inspection by a fire department in Oarai town. Subsequently, the 2.5-ton Li was installed to the ELTL by using a glove box. The nitrogen concentration in the 2.5-ton Li was found to be 127 wppm.

Journal Articles

Characteristics of surface oscillation on high speed liquid Li jet

Suzuki, Sachiko*; Hoashi, Eiji*; Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Horiike, Hiroshi*

Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(7-8), p.1434 - 1438, 2012/08

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:38.15(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the international fusion materials irradiation facility (IFMIF), the high speed liquid metal lithium (Li) wall jet will be used as a target irradiated by two deuteron beams to generate intense neutrons. It is thus important to obtain the surface wave characteristic for the safety and the efficiency of system in the IFMIF. In this paper, the free surface oscillation was measured at 175 mm and 15 mm downstream from the nozzle exit with an electro-contact probe apparatus installed on a renewal flow channel of an Osaka University Li loop. At the velocity of more than 9 m/s, maximum wave amplitudes were about 2 mm, which exceed the current design value of IFMIF. However, the number of large-amplitude waves was found to be very low.

Journal Articles

Engineering design of contact-type liquid level sensor for measuring thickness validation of liquid lithium jet in IFMIF/EVEDA lithium test loop

Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Suzuki, Sachiko*; Hoashi, Eiji*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Ida, Mizuho; Nakamura, Kazuyuki; Matsushita, Izuru*; et al.

Fusion Science and Technology, 62(1), p.258 - 264, 2012/07

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:32.06(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) project of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), which is one of the Broader Approach (BA) activities, thickness variation of a liquid lithium (Li) jet simulating the IFMIF Li target is planned to be measured in the EVEDA Li Test Loop (ELTL). For this purpose, a contact-type liquid level sensor was developed, which can detect contacts between a probe and Li. Analysis of the contact signals yields average jet thickness and amplitude distribution. One of the key development requirements is to drive the probe by 0.1 mm step with positioning accuracy of 0.01 mm under the vacuum condition of 10$$^{-3}$$Pa. To satisfy such a requirement, the sensor's own weight load and moment load were calculated, and based on those calculation results a powerful motor and a friction-reduced ball screw were selected and strong structure was adopted. We have successfully completed the design work of the sensor.

Journal Articles

IFMIF/EVEDA lithium test loop; Design and fabrication technology of target assembly as a key component

Kondo, Hiroo; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Nakamura, Kazuyuki; Ida, Mizuho; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Kanemura, Takuji; Wakai, Eiichi; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 51(12), p.123008_1 - 123008_12, 2011/12

 Times Cited Count:37 Percentile:82.53(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activity (EVEDA) for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is proceeded as one of the ITER Broader Approach (BA) activities. The EVEDA Li test loop (ELTL) is aimed at validating stability of the Li target and feasibility of a Li purification system as the key issues. In this paper, the design of the ELTL especially of a target assembly in which the Li target is produced by the contraction nozzle is presented.

Journal Articles

Completion of IFMIF/EVEDA Li test loop construction and commissioning

Kondo, Hiroo; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Iuchi, Hiroshi; Kanemura, Takuji; Ida, Mizuho; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Matsushita, Izuru*; et al.

Proceedings of Plasma Conference 2011 (PLASMA 2011) (CD-ROM), 2 Pages, 2011/11

The EVEDA Li test loop (ELTL) successfully completed its construction and commissioning in the frame work of the IFMIF/EVEDA as one of the ITER-BA. The construction was started on Nov. 2009 in the O-arai site of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency and completed on the middle of Nov. 2010. In the commissioning conducted subsequently, the following tests were performed: (1) Li ingots installation into the ELTL, (2) Li charging and draining operation, (3) Li circulation tests. In a final phase of the circulation test, stable liquid Li flow at a velocity of 5 m/s was successfully achieved.

Journal Articles

Present status of Japanese tasks for lithium target facility under IFMIF/EVEDA

Nakamura, Kazuyuki; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Ida, Mizuho; Niitsuma, Shigeto; Otaka, Masahiko; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Horiike, Hiroshi*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 86(9-11), p.2491 - 2494, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:61.04(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In IFMIF/EVEDA, tasks for lithium target system are shared to 5 validation tasks (LF1-5) and a design task (LF6). The purpose of LF1 task is to construct and operate the EVEDA lithium test loop, and JAEA has a main responsibility to the performance of the Li test loop. LF2 is a task for the diagnostics of the Li test loop and IFMIF design. Basic research for the diagnostics equipment has been completed, and the construction for the Li test loop will be finished before March in 2011. LF4 is a task for the purification systems with nitrogen and hydrogen. Basic research for the purification equipment has been completed, and the construction of the nitrogen system for the Li test loop will be finished before March in 2011. LF5 is a task for the remote handling system with the target assembly. JAEA has an idea to use the laser beam for cutting and welding of the lip part of the flanges. LF6 is a task for the design of the IFMIF based on the validation experiments of LF1-5.

Journal Articles

Wave period of free-surface waves on high-speed liquid lithium jet for IFMIF target

Kanemura, Takuji; Sugiura, Hirokazu*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Suzuki, Sachiko*; Kondo, Hiroo; Ida, Mizuho; Matsushita, Izuru*; Horiike, Hiroshi*

Fusion Engineering and Design, 86(9-11), p.2462 - 2465, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:38.79(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Wave period of free-surface waves on a high-speed liquid lithium (Li) jet is very important wave characteristics to investigate for validation of a Li target of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). In this paper, we report characteristics of wave period measured by a contact-type liquid level sensor. The experiments were conducted at a Li loop in Osaka University. In this loop, a plane Li jet simulating the IFMIF Li target can be controlled at the velocities of up to 15 m/s. Probability density distribution of the measured wave periods was nearly equal to the log-normal distribution. The fact that the wave period distribution is nearly equal to the log-normal distribution has been already identified in the ocean waves which are known for its random property. From present and previous our experimental results, it was concluded that random wave property developed for the ocean waves can apply to the free-surface waves on the Li jet.

Journal Articles

Engineering design of IFMIF/EVEDA lithium test loop; Electro-magnetic pump and pressure drop

Kondo, Hiroo; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Iuchi, Hiroshi; Ida, Mizuho; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Kanemura, Takuji; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Matsushita, Izuru*; et al.

Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-19) (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2011/10

Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) were started from July 2007 under an international agreement called ITER Broader Approach. As a major Japanese activity, EVEDA Li test loop (ELTL) to simulate hydraulic and impurity conditions of IFMIF has already designed and is under construction, in which feasibility of hydraulic stability of the liquid Li target, the purification systems of hot traps are major key issues to be validated in this loop. This paper presents the engineering design of the main electro-magnetic pump of the ELTL including the pressure drop calculation and evaluation of the cavitation inception.

Journal Articles

Diagnostics of high-speed liquid lithium jet for IFMIF/EVEDA lithium test loop

Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Sugiura, Hirokazu*; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Ida, Mizuho; Matsushita, Izuru*; Nakamura, Kazuyuki

Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-19) (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2011/10

Regarding R&Ds on the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), validation of hydraulic stability of a liquid Li jet simulating the IFMIF Li target is of crucial importance and thus, is planned to be performed using EVEDA Li test loop. This paper presents diagnostics of the Li jet to be implemented in validation tests of the jet stability. In the tests, the following physical parameters need to be measured; thickness of the jet; height, length and frequency of free-surface waves; and Li evaporation rate. A high-speed video (HSV) camera is planned to be used for understanding of detailed structure of free-surface waves, and the HSV images are to be analyzed to obtain wave velocity and frequency. To measure jet thickness and wave height, a contact-type liquid level sensor is to be used. With regard to Li evaporation rate, deposition of Li on the specimens installed near the free surface is to be measured. In addition, frequency change of a crystal quartz will be utilized.

Journal Articles

Study on surface wave characteristics of free surface flow of liquid metal lithium for IFMIF

Hoashi, Eiji*; Sugiura, Hirokazu*; Suzuki, Sachiko*; Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Horiike, Hiroshi*

Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-19) (CD-ROM), 9 Pages, 2011/10

Free surface flow of a liquid metal Lithium (Li) is planned as a target irradiated by two deuteron beams to generate intense neutrons and it is thus important to obtain knowledge of the surface wave characteristic for the safety and the efficiency of system in the IFMIF. This paper reports the results of the wave height and the surface velocity examined experimentally using a Li loop at Osaka University and numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT. In the experiment, an electro-contact probe apparatus was used to obtain the wave height, and a high speed video was used to measure the surface velocity. A CFD simulation was also conducted to obtain information on the relation of the free surface with the inner flow. In the simulation, the model included from a two-staged contraction nozzle to a flow channel with a free surface flow region and simulation results were compared with the experimental data. We resulted in knowledge of the surface wave growth mechanism.

Journal Articles

Development of measurement technique for surface waves on high-speed liquid lithium jet for IFMIF target

Kondo, Hiroo; Kanemura, Takuji*; Sugiura, Hirokazu*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Ida, Mizuho; Nakamura, Hiroo; Matsushita, Izuru*; Muroga, Takeo*; Horiike, Hiroshi*

Fusion Engineering and Design, 85(7-9), p.1102 - 1105, 2010/12

 Times Cited Count:12 Percentile:62.45(Nuclear Science & Technology)

This paper reports a measurement technique for surface waves on a liquid lithium jet for a Li target of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility. The characteristic of the waves was successfully clarified by a contact-type liquid level detector. As a result, it was found that the wave distributions in the all jet velocity range up to 15 m/s were conformed each other in normalized form and Rayleigh distribution which is one of popular model to show irregular water wave.

Journal Articles

Engineering design and construction of IFMIF/EVEDA lithium test loop; Design and fabrication of integrated target assembly

Kondo, Hiroo; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Nakamura, Hiroo*; Ida, Mizuho; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Miyashita, Makoto*; Horiike, Hiroshi*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Kanemura, Takuji; et al.

Proceedings of 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2010) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2010/10

The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activity (EVEDA) for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is proceeded as one of the ITER Broader Approach (BA) activities. The EVEDA Li test loop (ELTL) is aimed at validating stability of the Li target and feasibility of a Li purification system as the key issues. In this paper, the design of the ELTL especially of a target assembly in which the Li target is produced by the contraction nozzle is presented.

Journal Articles

Thickness distribution of high-speed free-surface lithium flow simulating IFMIF target

Kondo, Hiroo*; Kanemura, Takuji*; Sugiura, Hirokazu*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Miyamoto, Seiji*; Ida, Mizuho; Nakamura, Hiroo; Matsushita, Izuru*; Muroga, Takeo*; Horiike, Hiroshi*

Fusion Engineering and Design, 84(7-11), p.1086 - 1090, 2009/06

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:53.48(Nuclear Science & Technology)

A liquid lithium(Li) target of International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is formed as flat plane free-surface flow by a nozzle and flows at high speed around 15 m/s. This paper focuses on flatness of the liquid Li target. A Li flow experiment was conducted in Osaka University Li Loop with a test section which was 1/2.5 scaled model of IFMIF. A thickness of the Li flow was measured and obtained by a contact method which was developed for the measurement. Analytical study on Kelvin wake and numerical calculation on wakes near side walls of the flow channel were also conducted and compared with the experimental results. As the results, positions of wake crest obtained from both of the experiment and numerical calculation assuming contact angle 140$$^{circ}$$ agreed well with an iso-phase line of the analytical model. Generation of the wake are likely depends on wettability between Li and a structural material which is 304SS in the present study.

Journal Articles

Development of velocity measurement on a liquid lithium flow for IFMIF

Sugiura, Hirokazu*; Kondo, Hiroo*; Kanemura, Takuji*; Niwa, Yuta*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Miyamoto, Seiji*; Ida, Mizuho; Nakamura, Hiroo; Matsushita, Izuru*; Muroga, Takeo*; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 84(7-11), p.1803 - 1807, 2009/06

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:24.54(Nuclear Science & Technology)

To develop a diagnostics system in view of its application on International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) liquid lithium (Li) target, velocity measurements on a liquid Li flow were performed in a Li circulation loop at Osaka University with a test section having a contraction nozzle 1/2.5 scale of IFMIF and producing a flat plane jet of 70 mm width and 10 mm thickness. Based on the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique, a local Li flow velocity distribution was measured by tracking brightness intensity patterns of surface waves generated on the flow. Measured surface velocity showed good agreement with a surface velocity obtained in previous water experiments, and had an insignificant effect at an area corresponding to a deuteron beam irradiation area on the IFMIF target.

Journal Articles

Measurement of free surface of liquid metal lithium jet for IFMIF target

Kondo, Hiroo*; Kanemura, Takuji*; Yamaoka, Nobuo*; Miyamoto, Seiji*; Ida, Mizuho; Nakamura, Hiroo; Matsushita, Izuru*; Muroga, Takeo*; Horiike, Hiroshi*

Fusion Engineering and Design, 82(15-24), p.2483 - 2489, 2007/10

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:58.28(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Lithium flow experiments were conducted for International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) at Osaka University. In the experiment, Li plane jet of 10 mm in depth and 70 mm in width formed by a two contractions nozzle was tested in the velocity range of less than 15 m/s. In the present report, Li surface measurement by pattern projection method was tested. This is a three dimensional image measurement, where stripe patterns are projected onto the flow surface without touching it. The projected patterns were observed to be deformed according to the surface up- and- down. Three-dimensional surface shape could be obtained by analyzing the deformed patterns. By the method, shapes of wave pattern called surface wakes were successfully measured. The surface wakes were observed to be formed from the nozzle edge. It was found that the nozzle edge was damaged and became serrated after lithium flowing of 1,300 hours at this moment.

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