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Journal Articles

Developing accelerator mass spectrometry capabilities for anthropogenic radionuclide analysis to extend the set of oceanographic tracers

Hain, K.*; Martschini, M.*; G$"u$lce, F.*; Honda, Maki; Lachner, J.*; Kern, M.*; Pitters, J.*; Quinto, F.*; Sakaguchi, Aya*; Steier, P.*; et al.

Frontiers in Marine Science (Internet), 9, p.837515_1 - 837515_17, 2022/03

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:96.71(Environmental Sciences)

Recent major advances in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA) regarding detection efficiency and isobar suppression have opened possibilities for the analysis of additional long-lived radionuclides at ultra-low environmental concentrations. These radionuclides, including $$^{233}$$U, $$^{135}$$Cs, $$^{99}$$Tc and $$^{90}$$Sr, will become important for oceanographic tracer application due to their generally conservative behavior in ocean water. In particular, the isotope ratios $$^{233}$$U/$$^{236}$$U and $$^{137}$$Cs/$$^{135}$$Cs have proven to be powerful fingerprints for emission source identification as they are not affected by elemental fractionation. Improved detection efficiencies allowed us to analyze all major long-lived actinides, i.e. $$^{236}$$U, $$^{237}$$Np, $$^{239, 240}$$Pu, $$^{241}$$Am as well as the very rare $$^{233}$$U, in the same 10 L water samples of an exemplary depth profile from the northwest Pacific Ocean. Especially for $$^{90}$$Sr analysis, our new approach has already been validated for selected reference materials (e.g. IAEA-A-12) and is ready for application in oceanographic studies. We estimate that a sample volume of only (1-3) L ocean water is sufficient for $$^{90}$$Sr as well as $$^{135}$$Cs analysis, respectively.

Journal Articles

Extraction behavior of rutherfordium as a cationic fluoride complex with a TTA chelate extractant from HF/HNO $$_{3}$$ acidic solutions

Yokoyama, Akihiko*; Kitayama, Yuta*; Fukuda, Yoshiki*; Kikunaga, Hidetoshi*; Murakami, Masashi*; Komori, Yukiko*; Yano, Shinya*; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Toyoshima, Atsushi*

Radiochimica Acta, 107(1), p.27 - 32, 2019/01

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:11.41(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)

Journal Articles

Production of iodine radionuclides using $$^{7}$$Li ion beams

Nishinaka, Ichiro*; Yokoyama, Akihiko*; Washiyama, Koshin*; Makii, Hiroyuki; Hashimoto, Kazuyuki*

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 314(3), p.1947 - 1965, 2017/12

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:19.91(Chemistry, Analytical)

Production cross sections of iodine, tellurium and antimony radionuclides in the 24-59 MeV $$^{7}$$Li + $$^{nat}$$Sn reaction have been measured by the conventional stacked foil technique with $$gamma$$-ray spectrometry. Excitation functions of the production cross sections were compared with a statistical model calculation. The contributions of complete and incomplete fusion in the production of observed radionuclides are discussed from the view points of production routes in the nuclide chart and decays for iodine, tellurium and antimony nuclides. The integral yields of $$^{123,124,125,126}$$I were deduced from the calculated excitation functions in the $$^{7}$$Li induced reactions on Sn isotopes in view of the production of medically important $$^{123,124}$$I. The results are discussed by comparing with literature values in the other reactions.

Journal Articles

Production and separation of astatine isotopes in the $$^7$$Li + $$^{nat}$$Pb reaction

Nishinaka, Ichiro; Yokoyama, Akihiko*; Washiyama, Koshin*; Maeda, Eita*; Watanabe, Shigeki; Hashimoto, Kazuyuki; Ishioka, Noriko; Makii, Hiroyuki; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Yamada, Norihiro*; et al.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 304(3), p.1077 - 1083, 2015/06

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:61(Chemistry, Analytical)

Production cross sections of astatine isotopes $$^{207-211}$$At in the 29-57 MeV $$^7$$Li induced reaction with $$^{nat}$$Pb target have been measured by $$alpha$$- and $$gamma$$-ray spectrometry. Excitation functions of production cross sections have been compared with a statistical model calculation to study the reaction mechanism of $$^7$$Li + $$^{nat}$$Pb. Considerably small experimental cross sections of $$^{210}$$At and $$^{209}$$At compared with the calculation were clearly observed at incident energies higher than 44 MeV, indicating that the effects of breakup reaction play a role. A chemical separation of astatine from an irradiated lead target has been studied with a dry-distillation method. A complementary way to produce astatine isotopes has been developed.

Journal Articles

Extraction of astatine isotopes for development of radiopharmaceuticals using a $$^{211}$$Rn-$$^{211}$$At generator

Maeda, Eita*; Yokoyama, Akihiko*; Taniguchi, Takumi*; Washiyama, Koshin*; Nishinaka, Ichiro

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 303(2), p.1465 - 1468, 2015/02

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:61(Chemistry, Analytical)

The $$^{211}$$At isotope has gathered attention as a promising $$alpha$$-emitter for radionuclide therapy. We report the dependence of the distribution ratio of astatine on the concentration of HCl, and on the polarity of the organic solvent. The results will be useful for development of the $$^{211}$$Rn-$$^{211}$$At generator.

Journal Articles

Development of a new continuous dissolution apparatus with a hydrophobic membrane for superheavy element chemistry

Oe, Kazuhiro*; Attallah, M. F.*; Asai, Masato; Goto, Naoya*; Gupta, N. S.*; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Huang, M.*; Kanaya, Jumpei*; Kaneya, Yusuke*; Kasamatsu, Yoshitaka*; et al.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 303(2), p.1317 - 1320, 2015/02

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:61(Chemistry, Analytical)

A new technique for continuous dissolution of nuclear reaction products transported by a gas-jet system was developed for superheavy element (SHE) chemistry. In this technique, a hydrophobic membrane is utilized to separate an aqueous phase from the gas phase. With this technique, the dissolution efficiencies of short-lived radionuclides of $$^{91m,93m}$$Mo and $$^{176}$$W were measured. Yields of more than 80% were observed for short-lived radionuclides at aqueous-phase flow rates of 0.1-0.4 mL/s. The gas flow-rate had no influence on the dissolution efficiency within the studied flow range of 1.0-2.0 L/min. These results show that this technique is applicable for on-line chemical studies of SHEs in the liquid phase.

Journal Articles

Sulfate complexation of element 104, Rf, in H$$_{2}$$SO$$_{4}$$/HNO$$_{3}$$ mixed solution

Li, Z.*; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Asai, Masato; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Sato, Tetsuya; Sato, Nozomi; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Nagame, Yuichiro; Sch$"a$del, M.; Pershina, V.*; et al.

Radiochimica Acta, 100(3), p.157 - 164, 2012/03

 Times Cited Count:12 Percentile:69.15(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)

Journal Articles

Characterization of the microstructure of dual-phase 9Cr-ODS steels using a laser-assisted 3D atom probe

Nogiwa, Kimihiro; Nishimura, Akihiko; Yokoyama, Atsushi; Otsuka, Satoshi; Kaito, Takeji; Inoue, Masaki; Okubo, Tadakatsu*; Hono, Kazuhiro*

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 417(1-3), p.201 - 204, 2011/10

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:53.54(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

Du se 9Cr-ODS (oxide dispersion-strengthened) steel consisting of residual-$$alpha$$ ferrite and $$alpha$$ prime martensite has excellent high-temperature strength. This study describes the microstructure of dual-phase 9Cr-ODS steels characterized by atom-probe tomography in order to compare oxide-particle dispersion states in each phase. This revealed that nano-size oxide particles were of the same chemical composition and that their mean size was about 3 nm in each phase. On the other hand, the number density in the residual-$$alpha$$ phase was about four times higher than that of the $$alpha$$ prime phase. These results indicate that the dense distribution of the oxide particles in the residual-$$alpha$$ phase contribute to the excellent high-temperature strength of 9Cr-ODS steel.

Journal Articles

Anionic fluoro complex of element 105, Db

Kasamatsu, Yoshitaka*; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Asai, Masato; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Li, Z.; Ishii, Yasuo; Tome, Hayato*; Sato, Tetsuya; Kikuchi, Takahiro; Nishinaka, Ichiro; et al.

Chemistry Letters, 38(11), p.1084 - 1085, 2009/10

 Times Cited Count:14 Percentile:49.01(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

We report on the characteristic anion-exchange behavior of the superheavy element dubnium (Db) with atomic number Z = 105 in HF/HNO$$_{3}$$ solution at the fluoride ion concentration [F$$^{-}$$] = 0.003 M. The result clearly demonstrates that the fluoro complex formation of Db is significantly different from that of the group-5 homologue Ta in the 6th period of the periodic table while the behavior of Db is similar to that of the lighter homologue Nb in the 5th period.

Journal Articles

Dynamics of ion internal transport barrier in LHD heliotron and JT-60U tokamak plasmas

Ida, Katsumi*; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Yoshinuma, Mikiro*; Takenaga, Hidenobu; Nagaoka, Kenichi*; Hayashi, Nobuhiko; Oyama, Naoyuki; Osakabe, Masaki*; Yokoyama, Masayuki*; Funaba, Hisamichi*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 49(9), p.095024_1 - 095024_9, 2009/09

 Times Cited Count:29 Percentile:72.19(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

Dynamics of ion internal transport barrier (ITB) formation and impurity transport both in the Large Helical Device (LHD) heliotron and JT-60U tokamak are described. Significant differences between heliotron and tokamak plasmas are observed. The location of the ITB moves outward during the ITB formation regardless of the sign of magnetic shear in JT-60U and the ITB becomes more localized in the plasma with negative magnetic shear. In LHD, the low Te/Ti ratio ($$<$$ 1) of the target plasma for the high power heating is found to be necessary condition to achieve the ITB plasma and the ITB location tends to expand outward or inward depending on the condition of the target plasmas. Associated with the formation of ITB, the carbon density tends to be peaked due to inward convection in JT-60U, while the carbon density becomes hollow due to outward convection in LHD. The outward convection observed in LHD contradicts the prediction by neoclassical theory.

Journal Articles

Influence of laser irradiation condition on a femtosecond laser-assisted tomographic atom probe

Nishimura, Akihiko; Nogiwa, Kimihiro; Otobe, Tomohito; Okubo, Tadakatsu*; Hono, Kazuhiro*; Kondo, Keietsu; Yokoyama, Atsushi

Ultramicroscopy, 109(5), p.467 - 471, 2009/04

 Times Cited Count:7 Percentile:29.11(Microscopy)

Influence of femtosecond laser pulse condition on the performance of an energy compensated tomographic atom probe (ECOTAP) was investigated. Chirping ratio for laser pulses was controlled by a compressor stage. We have succeeded to get tomographic images of oxide dispersion strengthen steel, which will be used as fast breeder reactors. The ECOTAP successfully observed that the instability of the femtosecond laser pulses make the mass peaks slightly sifted or broadened to higher mass number. To investigate insulator materials, numerical simulation of conductivity increase on diamond has been successfully demonstrated.

Journal Articles

Adsorption of Db and its homologues Nb and Ta, and the pseudo-homologue Pa on anion-exchange resin in HF solution

Tsukada, Kazuaki; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Asai, Masato; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Akiyama, Kazuhiko*; Kasamatsu, Yoshitaka; Nishinaka, Ichiro; Ichikawa, Shinichi; Yasuda, Kenichiro; Miyamoto, Yutaka; et al.

Radiochimica Acta, 97(2), p.83 - 89, 2009/02

 Times Cited Count:20 Percentile:77.91(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)

Anion-exchange chromatography of element 105, dubnium (Db), produced in the $$^{248}$$Cm($$^{19}$$F, 5n)$$^{262}$$Db reaction is investigated together with the homologues Nb and Ta, and the pseudo-homologue Pa in 13.9 M hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. The distribution coefficient (K$$_{d}$$) of Db on an anion-exchange resin is successfully determined by running cycles of the 1702 chromatographic column separations. The result clearly indicates that the adsorption of Db on the resin is significantly different from that of the homologues and that the adsorption of anionic fluoro complexes of these elements decreases in the sequence of Ta $$approx$$ Nb $$>$$ Db $$geq$$ Pa.

Journal Articles

Characterization of microstructures in ODS steel by a laser assisted 3DAP

Nogiwa, Kimihiro; Nishimura, Akihiko; Oba, Hironori; Yokoyama, Atsushi; Okubo, Tadakatsu*; Hono, Kazuhiro*

Materia, 47(12), P. 626, 2008/12

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Hexafluoro complex of rutherfordium in mixed HF/HNO$$_{3}$$ solutions

Toyoshima, Atsushi; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Asai, Masato; Akiyama, Kazuhiko*; Goto, Shinichi*; Ishii, Yasuo; Nishinaka, Ichiro; Sato, Tetsuya; Nagame, Yuichiro; et al.

Radiochimica Acta, 96(3), p.125 - 134, 2008/03

 Times Cited Count:28 Percentile:85.19(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)

Formation of an anionic fluoride-complex of element 104, rutherfordium (Rf) produced in the $$^{248}$$Cm($$^{18}$$O,5n)$$^{261}$$Rf reaction was studied by an anion-exchange method based on an atom-at-a-time scale. It was found that the hexafluoro complex of Rf, [RfF$$_{6}$$]$$^{2-}$$, was formed in the studied fluoride ion concentrations of 0.0005 - 0.013 M. Formation of [RfF$$_{6}$$]$$^{2-}$$ was significantly different from that of the homologues Zr and Hf, [ZrF$$_{6}$$]$$^{2-}$$ and [HfF$$_{6}$$]$$^{2-}$$; the evaluated formation constant of [RfF$$_{6}$$]$$^{2-}$$ is at least one-order of magnitude smaller than those of [ZrF$$_{6}$$]$$^{2-}$$ and [HfF$$_{6}$$]$$^{2-}$$.

Journal Articles

Extended steady-state and high-beta regimes of net-current free heliotron plasmas in the Large Helical Device

Motojima, Osamu*; Yamada, Hiroshi*; Komori, Akio*; Oyabu, Nobuyoshi*; Muto, Takashi*; Kaneko, Osamu*; Kawahata, Kazuo*; Mito, Toshiyuki*; Ida, Katsumi*; Imagawa, Shinsaku*; et al.

Nuclear Fusion, 47(10), p.S668 - S676, 2007/10

 Times Cited Count:34 Percentile:73.8(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)

The performance of net-current free heliotron plasmas has been developed by findings of innovative operational scenarios in conjunction with an upgrade of the heating power and the pumping/fuelling capability in the Large Helical Device (LHD). Consequently, the operational regime has been extended, in particular, with regard to high density, long pulse length and high beta. Diversified studies in LHD have elucidated the advantages of net-current free heliotron plasmas. In particular, an internal diffusion barrier (IDB) by a combination of efficient pumping of the local island divertor function and core fuelling by pellet injection has realized a super dense core as high as 5$$times$$10$$^{20}$$ m$$^{-3}$$, which stimulates an attractive super dense core reactor. Achievements of a volume averaged beta of 4.5% and a discharge duration of 54 min with a total input energy of 1.6 GJ (490 kW on average) are also highlighted. The progress of LHD experiments in these two years is overviewed by highlighting IDB, high-beta and long pulse.

Journal Articles

Extended steady-state and high-beta regimes of net-current free heliotron plasmas in the large helical device

Motojima, Osamu*; Yamada, Hiroshi*; Komori, Akio*; Oyabu, Nobuyoshi*; Kaneko, Osamu*; Kawahata, Kazuo*; Mito, Toshiyuki*; Muto, Takashi*; Ida, Katsumi*; Imagawa, Shinsaku*; et al.

Proceedings of 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2006) (CD-ROM), 12 Pages, 2007/03

The performance of net-current free Heliotron plasmas has been developed by findings of innovative operational scenarios in conjunction with an upgrade of the heating power and the pumping/fueling capability in the Large Helical Device (LHD). Consequently, the operational regime has been extended, in particular, with regard to high density, long pulse length and high beta. Diversified studies in LHD have elucidated the advantages of net-current free heliotron plasmas. In particular, an Internal Diffusion Barrier (IDB) by combination of efficient pumping of the local island divertor function and core fueling by pellet injection has realized a super dense core as high as 5$$times$$10$$^{20}$$m$$^{-3}$$, which stimulates an attractive super dense core reactor. Achievements of a volume averaged beta of 4.5 % and a discharge duration of 54-min. with a total input energy of 1.6 GJ (490 kW in average) are also highlighted. The progress of LHD experiments in these two years is overviewed with highlighting IDB, high $$beta$$ and long pulse.

Journal Articles

Extraction behavior of rutherfordium into tributylphosphate from hydrochloric acid

Haba, Hiromitsu*; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Asai, Masato; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Ishii, Yasuo; Tome, Hayato; Sato, Tetsuya; Nishinaka, Ichiro; Ichikawa, Takatoshi; Ichikawa, Shinichi; et al.

Radiochimica Acta, 95(1), p.1 - 6, 2007/01

 Times Cited Count:15 Percentile:70.38(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Chemical studies on rutherfordium (Rf) at JAERI

Nagame, Yuichiro; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Asai, Masato; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Akiyama, Kazuhiko; Ishii, Yasuo; Sato, Tetsuya; Hirata, Masaru; Nishinaka, Ichiro; Ichikawa, Shinichi; et al.

Radiochimica Acta, 93(9-10), p.519 - 526, 2005/00

 Times Cited Count:29 Percentile:87.12(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Elution curve of Rutherfordium (Rf) in anion-exchange chromatography with hydrofluoric acid solution

Toyoshima, Atsushi; Haba, Hiromitsu*; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Asai, Masato; Akiyama, Kazuhiko; Nishinaka, Ichiro; Nagame, Yuichiro; Saika, Daisuke*; Matsuo, Keishi*; Sato, Wataru*; et al.

Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, 5(2), p.45 - 48, 2004/12

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Fluoride complexation of element 104, rutherfordium

Haba, Hiromitsu*; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Asai, Masato; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Akiyama, Kazuhiko; Nishinaka, Ichiro; Hirata, Masaru; Yaita, Tsuyoshi; Ichikawa, Shinichi; Nagame, Yuichiro; et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126(16), p.5219 - 5224, 2004/04

 Times Cited Count:43 Percentile:72.54(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

Fluoride complexation of element 104, rutherfordium (Rf), produced in the $$^{248}$$Cm($$^{18}$$O,5n)$$^{261}$$Rf reaction has been studied by anion-exchange chromatography on an atom-at-a-time scale. The anion-exchangechromatographic behavior of Rf was investigated in 1.9-13.9 M hydrofluoric acid together with those of the group-4 elements Zr and Hf produced in the $$^{18}$$O-induced reactions on Ge and Gd targets, respectively. It was found that the adsorption behavior of Rf on anion-exchange resin is quite different from those of Zr and Hf, suggesting the influence of relativistic effect on the fluoride complexation of Rf.

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