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JAEA Reports

English translation of material used at "Meeting to Answer Questions on Radiation"

Kono, Yuko; Ayame, Junko; Yoshida, Tomoo*; Ikuta, Yuko; Kawase, Keiichi; Yamashita, Kiyonobu

JAEA-Review 2018-007, 36 Pages, 2018/06

JAEA-Review-2018-007.pdf:6.72MB

English translation of the material used at "Meeting to Answer Questions on Radiation" was made. "Meeting to Answer Questions on Radiation" was planned, just after the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident, by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) with the purpose of providing comprehensive knowledge of radiation to the public. A total of 220 meetings was carried out from July, 2011 to February, 2013 mainly in Fukushima prefecture. Since the material used in the meetings contains many charts and is easy to understand, it has drawn attention of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) who has in recent years actively supported outreach activities to disseminate knowledge on nuclear and radiation. At one of the IAEA meetings in May, 2017, Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT), it was requested to make it for the usage of all. Providing IAEA and the member states with the English translation of the material will be a meaningful contribution sharing the outreach activity experiences in Japan.

Journal Articles

Influence of heating method on size and morphology of metallic oxide powder synthesized from metallic nitrate solution

Segawa, Tomoomi; Fukasawa, Tomonori*; Yamada, Yoshikazu; Suzuki, Masahiro; Yoshida, Hideto*; Fukui, Kunihiro*

Proceedings of Asian Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering 2015 (APCChE 2015), 8 Pages, 2015/09

A mixed solution of uranyl nitrate and plutonium nitrate is converted to MOX raw powder by the microwave heating de-nitration method in nuclear reprocessing. Copper oxide synthesized by heating de-nitration was used as a model for the de-nitration process. The microwave heating method (MW) and infrared heating method (IR) were used, and how they and their heating rate influence the obtained particle morphology and size were investigated. The particles obtained by the MW and IR were sufficiently similar in the surface morphology and the mass median diameter was decreased by the increased heating rate. The mass median diameters by the MW were the heating rate and smaller than those obtained by IR. The particle size distribution of the particle obtained by the MW was broader than that by the IR. The relationship of the temperature distribution and particle size distribution by the MW was discussed by the numerical simulation.

Journal Articles

Nickel oxide powder synthesis from aqueous solution of nickel nitrate hexahydrate by a microwave denitration method

Segawa, Tomoomi; Kawaguchi, Koichi; Ishii, Katsunori; Suzuki, Masahiro; Arimitsu, Naoki*; Yoshida, Hideto*; Fukui, Kunihiro*

Advanced Powder Technology, 26(3), p.983 - 990, 2015/05

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:28.01(Engineering, Chemical)

Denitration of the aqueous solution of nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO$$_{3}$$)$$_{2}$$$$cdot$$6H$$_{2}$$O) by a microwave heating method was investigated. Since Ni(NO$$_{3}$$)$$_{2}$$$$cdot$$6H$$_{2}$$O aqueous solution cannot be heated to over 300 $$^{circ}$$C by microwave irradiation owing to the low microwave absorptivity of its intermediate, NiO could not previously be obtained by microwave heating. We propose a novel NiO synthesis method that uses microwave heating without the risk of chemical contamination. A NiO powder reagent was added to the solution as a microwave acceptor. The denitration efficiency to NiO could be improved by an adiabator around the reactor to increase the temperature homogeneity in the reactor. Numerical simulations also reveal that the use of the adiabator results in remarkable changes in the electromagnetic field distribution in the reactor, temperature inhomogeneity decreases.

Journal Articles

LET dependency of human normal dermal cells survival in carbon ion irradiation

Yoshida, Yukari*; Mizohata, Kensuke*; Matsumura, Akihiko*; Isono, Mayu*; Yako, Tomoko*; Nakano, Takashi*; Funayama, Tomoo; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Kanai, Tatsuaki*

JAEA-Review 2014-050, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2013, P. 81, 2015/03

In the clinical application of carbon-ion (C-ion) radiation therapy in Japan, different RBE values of carbons have been used for clinical and biological endpoints. The biological RBE (bRBE) was estimated by a method that is based on the linear-quadratic (LQ) model, and was defined ${it in vitro}$ at the 10% surviving fraction of human salivary gland (HSG) tumor cells. However, many of biological parameters, that is, type of tissues, different sort of cells, oxygenation levels, and all, could affect radiosensitivity. Thus, normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cells were exposed to C-ion beams at Gunma University (10-80 keV/micrometer) and TIARA (108 and 158 keV/micrometer). The surviving fractions were analyzed with colony formation assays. The experimental RBE (eRBE) values were estimated from the radiation dose survival curve fitted by LQ model, and defined ${it in vitro}$.

Journal Articles

NHEJ repair rather than HR repair is the primary function to target to enhance radiosensitization at high LET values

Takahashi, Akihisa*; Kubo, Makoto*; Igarashi, Chie*; Yoshida, Yukari*; Funayama, Tomoo; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Nakano, Takashi*

JAEA-Review 2014-050, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2013, P. 82, 2015/03

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation pose a major threat to cell survival. The cell can respond to the presence of DSBs, through two major repair pathways: Homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Higher levels of cell death are induced by high-LET radiation when compared to low-LET radiation, even at the same doses because of less effective or more inefficient DNA repair. In this study, we examine the effects of radiation with different LET values on DNA DSB repair and radiosensitivity. Wild-type cells and HR deficient (but NHEJ proficient) cells exhibited the high RBE values at LET values of 108 keV/$$mu$$ m. The RBE value for each cell type decreased with increasing LET values over 200 keV/$$mu$$m. Although NHEJ proficient cells had an almost constant SER value, NHEJ deficient cells showed a high SER value when compared to NHEJ proficient cells, even with increasing LET values.

JAEA Reports

Development of microbeam formation and single-ion hit technologies at the TIARA cyclotron

Yokota, Wataru; Sato, Takahiro; Kamiya, Tomihiro; Okumura, Susumu; Kurashima, Satoshi; Miyawaki, Nobumasa; Kashiwagi, Hirotsugu; Yoshida, Kenichi; Funayama, Tomoo; Sakashita, Tetsuya; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2014-018, 103 Pages, 2014/09

JAEA-Technology-2014-018.pdf:123.66MB

The world's first microbeam focusing technology for heavy ions of hundreds MeV accelerated by a cyclotron has been developed at the TIARA facility in the Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The technology enables us to form a microbeam of less than 1 $$mu$$m in diameter and to shoot a specified point on a target by one ion (single-ion hit) with spatial accuracy of microbeam size. In the course of the development, a cyclotron technology to accelerate a small energy-spread beam of hundres MeV, which is necessary for focusing to 1 $$mu$$m, has been developed as well as a beam focusing apparatus, beam size measurement and so forth based on the several-MeV microbeam/single-ion hit system of the TIARA electrostatic accelerators. Applicability of the technologies was examined by actual use in irradiation experiment and the result were fed back to them. This paper reports the process and the results of the development over ten years.

Journal Articles

Nonhomologous end-joining repair plays a more important role than homologous recombination repair in defining radiosensitivity after exposure to high-LET radiation

Takahashi, Akihisa*; Kubo, Makoto*; Ma, H.*; Nakagawa, Akiko*; Yoshida, Yukari*; Isono, Mayu*; Kanai, Tatsuaki*; Ono, Tatsuya*; Furusawa, Yoshiya*; Funayama, Tomoo; et al.

Radiation Research, 182(3), p.338 - 344, 2014/09

 Times Cited Count:51 Percentile:90.51(Biology)

To clarify whether high-LET radiation inhibits all repair pathways or specifically one repair pathway, studies were designed to examine the effects of radiation with different LET values on DNA DSB repair and radiosensitivity. Embryonic fibroblasts bearing repair gene KO were exposed to X rays, carbon-, iron-, neon- and argon-ion beams. Cell survival was measured with colony-forming assays. The sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) values were calculated using the 10% survival dose of wild-type cells and repair-deficient cells. Cellular radiosensitivity was listed in descending order: double-KO cells $$>$$ NHEJ-KO cells $$>$$ HR-KO cells $$>$$ wild-type cells. Although HR-KO cells had an almost constant SER value, NHEJ-KO cells showed a high-SER value when compared to HR-KO cells, even with increasing LET values. These results suggest that with carbon-ion therapy, targeting NHEJ repair yields higher radiosensitivity than targeting homologous recombination repair.

Journal Articles

Increase in cell motility by carbon ion irradiation via the Rho signaling pathway and its inhibition by the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells

Murata, Kazutoshi*; Noda, Shinei*; Oike, Takahiro*; Takahashi, Akihisa*; Yoshida, Yukari*; Suzuki, Yoshiyuki*; Ono, Tatsuya*; Funayama, Tomoo; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Takahashi, Takeo*; et al.

Journal of Radiation Research, 55(4), p.658 - 664, 2014/07

 Times Cited Count:16 Percentile:56.04(Biology)

The effect of carbon ion irradiation on cell motility through the Rho signaling pathway in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was studied. At 48 h after irradiation, the cell motility of A549 cells became significantly greater, and the formation of protrusions significantly increased in cells irradiated with carbon ion. The observed increase in cell motility due to carbon ion irradiation was similar to that observed due to X-ray irradiation. Western-blot analysis showed that carbon ion irradiation increased P-MLC2-S19 expression compared with in unirradiated controls, while total MLC2 expression was unchanged. Exposure to a non-toxic concentration of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, reduced the expression of P-MLC2-S19 after C-ion irradiation, resulting in a significant reduction in migration. These data suggest that carbon irradiation increases cell motility in A549 cells via the Rho signaling pathway and that ROCK inhibition reduces that effect.

Journal Articles

Mechanism of synthesis of metallic oxide powder from aqueous metallic nitrate solution by microwave denitration method

Fukui, Kunihiro*; Igawa, Yusuke*; Arimitsu, Naoki*; Suzuki, Masahiro; Segawa, Tomoomi; Fujii, Kanichi*; Yamamoto, Tetsuya*; Yoshida, Hideto*

Chemical Engineering Journal, 211-212, p.1 - 8, 2012/11

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:41.29(Engineering, Environmental)

The process for synthesizing metallic oxide powders by the microwave denitration method was investigated using hexahydrated nickel nitrate and trihydrated copper nitrate aqueous solutions, and the electrical field and the temperature distributions in the reactor were numerically simulated. Although CuO powder can be obtained from a trihydrated copper nitrate aqueous solution by the microwave denitration method, a hexahydrated nickel nitrate aqueous solution cannot be heated up to over 270 $$^{circ}$$C by microwave irradiation. It was also found that the reaction routes for microwave heating are the same as those for conventional external heating. This finding indicates that the success of producing oxide particles by microwave denitration depends not only on the microwave absorptivity of the intermediate and the metallic oxide, but also on the temperature difference.

Journal Articles

Synergistic effect of heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin and X-rays, but not carbon-ion beams, on lethality in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells

Musha, Atsushi*; Yoshida, Yukari*; Takahashi, Takeo*; Ando, Koichi*; Funayama, Tomoo; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Negishi, Akihide*; Yokoo, Satoshi*; Nakano, Takashi*

Journal of Radiation Research, 53(4), p.545 - 550, 2012/07

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:45.24(Biology)

Journal Articles

Evaluation of the relative biological effectiveness of carbon ion beams in the cerebellum using the rat organotypic slice culture system

Yoshida, Yukari*; Suzuki, Yoshiyuki*; Al-Jahdari, W. S.*; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Funayama, Tomoo; Shirai, Katsuyuki*; Kato, Hiroyuki*; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Nakano, Takashi*

Journal of Radiation Research, 53(1), p.87 - 92, 2012/02

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:42.05(Biology)

Journal Articles

Effectiveness of carbon-ion beams for apoptosis induction in rat primary immature hippocampal neurons

Kaminuma, Takuya*; Suzuki, Yoshiyuki*; Shirai, Katsuyuki*; Mizui, Toshiyuki*; Noda, Shinei*; Yoshida, Yukari*; Funayama, Tomoo; Takahashi, Takeo*; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Shirao, Tomoaki*; et al.

Journal of Radiation Research, 51(6), p.627 - 631, 2010/11

 Times Cited Count:9 Percentile:33.95(Biology)

Journal Articles

Bystander effect of high linear energy transfer charged particle radiation on human glioblastoma cells

Ishiuchi, Shogo*; Hasegawa, Masatoshi*; Yoshida, Yukari*; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Funayama, Tomoo; Wada, Seiichi*; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Nakano, Takashi*

JAEA-Review 2006-042, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2005, P. 104, 2007/02

Journal Articles

Research into the radiosensitivity of normal brain tissue

Suzuki, Yoshiyuki*; Yoshida, Yukari*; Shirai, Katsuyuki*; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Mizui, Toshiyuki*; Noda, Shinei*; Funayama, Tomoo; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Shirao, Tomoaki*; et al.

JAEA-Review 2006-042, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2005, P. 107, 2007/02

JAEA Reports

None

; Koide, Kaoru*; *; Yoshida, Eiichi; *; ; Fujita, Tomoo

PNC TN1410 97-038, 307 Pages, 1996/04

PNC-TN1410-97-038.pdf:14.38MB

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Japanese fusion research; Activity in fusion nuclear technology, 11, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute

Seki, Masahiro; Yoshida, Hiroshi; Nakamura, Tomoo; Watanabe, H.; Kudo, Hiroshi

Fusion Technology, 17, p.288 - 298, 1990/03

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Comparison of biological effects induced by X-rays and heavy ions in the organotypic slice cultures of the rat cerebellum

Yoshida, Yukari*; Suzuki, Yoshiyuki*; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Shirai, Katsuyuki*; Noda, Shinei*; Al-Jahdari, W. S.*; Funayama, Tomoo; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Wada, Seiichi*; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; et al.

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Effects of X-ray and carbon ion beam on the postnatal cerebellum in organotypic slice cultures

Suzuki, Yoshiyuki*; Shirai, Katsuyuki*; Yoshida, Yukari*; Mizui, Toshiyuki*; Kiyohara, Hiroki*; Noda, Shinei*; Ishizaki, Yasuki*; Ozawa, Seiji*; Nakano, Takashi*; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; et al.

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Apoptosis induced by heavy charged particles in cultured premature rat neurons

Suzuki, Yoshiyuki*; Shirai, Katsuyuki*; Mizui, Toshiyuki*; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Noda, Shinei*; Funayama, Tomoo; Yoshida, Yukari*; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Shirao, Tomoaki*; Nakano, Takashi*

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Oral presentation

Effects of X-ray and carbon ion beam on the postnatal cerebellum in organotypic slice cultures

Yoshida, Yukari*; Suzuki, Yoshiyuki*; Takeuchi, Aiko*; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Shirai, Katsuyuki*; Funayama, Tomoo; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko; Ozawa, Seiji*; Nakano, Takashi*

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

33 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)