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Liang, N.*; Chiang, P.-N.*; Wang, Y.*; 寺本 宗正*; 高木 健太郎*; 近藤 俊明*; 小嵐 淳; Zhang, Y.*; Li, S.*; Fang, J.*; et al.
no journal, ,
Asian terrestrial ecosystems occupy vast areas from tropical forests and wetlands in Southeast Asia to boreal ecosystems in northeastern Asia, and as well as alpine ecosystems on the Tibet Plateau. These ecosystems make a significant contribution to the regional and global carbon budgets. Accurately quantifying CO
/CH
balances is critical for setting targets for their emission reductions and to identify and promote effective mitigation strategies. Since the mid-1990s, we have been installing multichannel automated chamber systems boreal ecosystems in Siberian and Alaska, temperate forests and grassland in East Asia, wetlands and permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau, and subtropical and tropical forests in Southeast Asia, for continuous measurements of forest floor CO budget as well as net ecosystem production. Among the sites, eight ecosystems are using for conducting soil warming experiments. This talk will present CO/CH fluxes and their controls of representative Asian terrestrial ecosystems with the chamber network.
高木 健太郎*; Liang, N.*; Aguilos, M.*; 寺本 宗正*; 近藤 俊明*; 小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子
no journal, ,
We conducted a soil warming experiment in a cool-temperate forested peatland in northern Japan during snow-free seasons of 2007-2017, to determine the soil warming effect on the heterotrophic respiration rate. Soil CO efflux was measured with a 15-channel automated chamber system, which was divided into three groups each with five replications for the control (unwarmed-not trenched), unwarmed-trenched, and warmed-trenched treatments. Soil warming increased the heterotrophic respiration rate having a increasing trend in the annual mean enhancement ratio. These annul mean enhancement ratio was linearly correlated with the current year's litterfall supply, which shows that the litterfall is quickly decomposed as the labile substrate for respiration and the amount becomes a limiting factor for the enhancement. The warming also sustained enhancement of the temperature sensitivity, Q
, and the basal respiration at 10
C, R, during the decadal experiment. Accordingly, warming enhanced not only the heterotrophic respiration rate itself but also its Q and R in forests with high substrate availability in the soil, without acclimation by continuous warming.
近藤 俊明*; 寺本 宗正*; 中根 周歩*; 高木 健太郎*; 小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子; 高木 正博*; 石田 祐宣*; Liang, N.*
no journal, ,
The carbon stored belowground is transferred to the atmosphere by microbial decomposition of soil organic carbon. This phenomenon is called as soil respiration, and the global soil respiration is estimated at 98 
12 GtC, which is far more than that released by annual fossil-fuel CO emissions. Because the amount of soil respiration increases with a rise in temperature mainly due to accelerated microbial decomposition of soil organic carbon, several simulations suggested that global warming-induced increases in soil respiration represent an important positive feedback loop to climate change. On the other hand, the deceleration of soil respiration under warming condition, i.e. negative feedback, was observed in some field experiments. Thus, the magnitude and timing of this feedback still remain unclear, because of the difficulty in measuring the response of diverse and huge soil microbiota to global warming. In this presentation, we measure the amount and species composition of soil microbiota in five soil warming experiment sites throughout Japan by using the Next Generation Sequencing, and discuss the response of soil microbiota to global warming.
寺本 宗正*; 近藤 俊明*; Liang, N.*; Zeng, J.*; 中根 周歩*; 小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子
no journal, ,
Soil respiration is the second largest carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystem, and it consists of soil organic carbon decomposition by microbiota (heterotrophic respiration, Rh) and plant root respiration. Rh corresponds to more than half of soil respiration and increases exponentially along with temperature rise. Therefore, it is possible that global warming increases Rh, and the increased Rh further accelerates global warming (positive feedback). To examine the long-term warming effect on Rh, we set multi-channel automated chamber and artificial warming system in a warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in Higashi Hiroshima, western Japan. Seasonal changes of CO effluxes in control (Rh) and warmed (Rhw) treatment were largely dependent on soil temperature. However, the influence of soil moisture was also strong during summer period from July to September due to low precipitation. Annual Q values were ranged from 2.19 to 3.64 in Rh and from 2.11 to 3.57 in Rhw. Stimulatory warming effect on Rh was continuously confirmed over the 10 years of observation. The annual increased ratio of Rh due to soil warming by 1C (annual warming effect) ranged from 4.2 to 13.5%. There was a marginally significant relationship between summer precipitation and annual warming effect. The result suggested that the annual warming effect was controlled by summer precipitation and resulting soil moisture level in this research site.
小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子; 石塚 成宏*; 平舘 俊太郎*; 國分 陽子
no journal, ,
土壌有機炭素の微生物による分解は地球炭素循環の重要な構成要素であり、地球温暖化によって引き起こされる土壌有機炭素分解のわずかな変化が大気中CO濃度に重大な影響を及ぼし、ひいては地球炭素循環に影響を及ぼす。土壌有機炭素分解が温暖化に対してどのように応答するかを正しく予測するためには、土壌有機炭素の多様な分解性を定量的に解明することが不可欠である。速く代謝回転する有機炭素は土壌からの炭素放出の主体を担うが、長期の温暖化応答はよりゆっくりと代謝回転する有機炭素の貯留量や分解性に規定されうる。我々は、このゆっくりと代謝回転する有機炭素プールの実態を解明することに着眼した。日本の森林土壌に対して、放射性炭素を利用する方法により、土壌有機炭素の滞留時間別炭素貯留量を明らかにした。その結果を用いたモデルシミュレーションにより、ゆっくりと代謝回転する土壌有機炭素が来世紀にわたる地球温暖化の加速的進行において重要な役割を果たすことを示した。
安藤 麻里子; 小嵐 淳
no journal, ,
土壌呼吸は陸域生態系から大気への主要な炭素移行経路であり、気候変動予測において最も重要な因子の一つである。土壌呼吸は独立栄養呼吸(根呼吸)と様々な古さの土壌有機物の分解で放出される従属栄養呼吸で構成される。それぞれの土壌呼吸起源は温暖化に対して異なる応答を示すと考えられることから、温度と土壌呼吸の関係について各起源を分けて測定する必要がある。放射性炭素は、半減期5730年で崩壊すること、最近の半世紀の間にその大気中濃度が大きく変化したことから、炭素の年代の評価、起源の分離、そして土壌有機炭素の回転速度の情報の取得に利用することができる。本発表では、放射性炭素を用いた土壌呼吸の起源分離研究について紹介するとともに、温暖化が各土壌呼吸起源に与える影響を評価するために開発した土壌呼吸中放射性炭素の簡便な測定手法について示す。