Difference in expansion and dehydration behaviors between NH- and K-montmorillonite

Kawakita, Ryohei; Saito, Akito*; Sakuma, Hiroshi*; Anraku, Sohtaro; Kikuchi, Ryosuke*; Otake, Tsubasa*; Sato, Tsutomu*

Applied Clay Science, 231, p.106722_1 - 106722_7, 2023/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2022.106722

Diffusion of tritiated water, Cs, and I in compacted Ca-montmorillonite; Experimental and modeling approaches

Fukatsu, Yuta; Yotsuji, Kenji*; Okubo, Takahiro*; Tachi, Yukio

Applied Clay Science, 211, p.106176_1 - 106176_10, 2021/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2021.106176

Surface complexation of Ca and competitive sorption of divalent cations on montmorillonite under alkaline conditions

Sugiura, Yuki; Ishidera, Takamitsu; Tachi, Yukio

Applied Clay Science, 200, p.105910_1 - 105910_10, 2021/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105910

Adsorption mechanism of ReO on Ni-Zn layered hydroxide salt and its application to removal of ReO as a surrogate of TcO

Tanaka, Kazuya; Kozai, Naofumi; Yamasaki, Shinya*; Onuki, Toshihiko; Kaplan, D. I.*; Grambow, B.

Applied Clay Science, 182, p.105282_1 - 105282_8, 2019/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105282

In this study, Ni-Zn layered hydroxide salt (LHS) was used for adsorption experiments of ReO, as a surrogate of TcO, in aqueous solutions with various initial Re and sodium salt concentrations. The maximum adsorption amount of Re was estimated at 127.7 mg/g (6.86 10 eq/g) by fitting adsorption isotherm of ReO to Langmuir plot. The adsorption of ReO at neutral pH was a reversible process by anion exchange, and decreased with increasing Cl, NO and SO in solution. EXAFS analysis indicated that ReO was adsorbed as an outer-sphere complex on Ni-Zn LHS. The Ni-Zn LHS is a more robust adsorbent for ReO than the Mg-Al LDH in terms of solution pH and tolerance to competing anions, and may be an effective alternative to the traditional and more limited method of removing aqueous TcO by reductive precipitation.

3D-microstructure analysis of compacted Na- and Cs-montmorillonites with nanofocus X-ray computed tomography and correlation with macroscopic transport properties

Takahashi, Hiroaki*; Tachi, Yukio

Applied Clay Science, 168, p.211 - 222, 2019/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.11.008

Microstructural and mass transport properties of compacted Na- and Cs-montmorillonites with different swelling properties were investigated by combining 3D microstructure analysis using nanofocus X-ray CT and diffusion measurement of HDO. The X-ray CT observations indicated that macropores in the dry state of compacted Na-montmorillonite are filled with gel phases, and the grain sizes of clay particles shifted toward smaller values through the saturation and swelling processes. By contrast, no gel phase and no decrease in the grain and pore volumes were observed for saturated Cs-montmorillonite. The geometrical factors of the macropores including tortuosity and geometric constrictivity of saturated Cs-montmorillonite determined by the X-ray CT was consistent with the corresponding values derived in the HDO diffusion test. In the case of Na-montmorillonite, the larger differences between the geometric factors evaluated by the X-ray CT and the diffusion tests can be explained by the electrostatic constrictivity factor and the additional geometrical factors in gel phase and interlayer that are smaller than the detection limit of the X-ray CT.

Pore distribution of water-saturated compacted clay using NMR relaxometry and freezing temperature depression; Effects of density and salt concentration

Okubo, Takahiro*; Ibaraki, Moe*; Tachi, Yukio; Iwadate, Yasuhiko*

Applied Clay Science, 123, p.148 - 155, 2016/04

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.01.014

The pore distribution of water-saturated compacted clay (Na-montmorillonite at 0.8 and 1.4 g/cm saturated by three salt concentrations) was evaluated using H NMR relaxometry and freezing point depression. The populations of interlayer water with four hydrated state and non-interlayer water were calculated from the assumed thresholds. The sample with lower density exhibits higher population of non-interlayer water up to 55%. Low-temperature H NMR experiments in view of freezing point depression indicated that mesopore water in approximately 4 nm space observed in the calorimetric study was considered as non-interlayer water and the threshold temperature. The result showed that population of non-interlayer water by expected from freezing point depression agreed with H NMR relaxometry within 10%. Correlation experiments between longitudinal () and transverse relation times () at -10C suggested that high-mobility bulk-like water molecules existed at a clay density of 1.4 g/cm.

Na-montmorillonite dissolution rate determined by varying the Gibbs free energy of reaction in a dispersed system and its application to a coagulated system in 0.3M NaOH solution at 70C

Oda, Chie; Walker, C.; Chino, Daisuke*; Ichige, Satoru; Honda, Akira; Sato, Tsutomu*; Yoneda, Tetsuro*

Applied Clay Science, 93-94, p.62 - 71, 2014/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.02.021

Na-montmorillonite dissolution in a 0.3M NaOH solution has been investigated at pH12 and 70C. The flow-through dissolution experiments were conducted in a dispersed system with varying concentrations of Si and Al to derive a Na-montmorillonite dissolution rate, as a non-linear function of the Gibbs free energy of reaction, dGr. This rate equation was used to simulate the batch-type Na-montmorillonite reaction experiments conducted in a coagulated system. The model simulation of the batch-type experiment adopting the empirical rate equations of Na-montmorillonite dissolution and secondary mineral analcime precipitation were able to reproduce the measured changes in the amount of dissolved Na-montmorillonite and concentrations of Si and Al in solution. The results showed that the empirical rate equation of Na-montmorillonite dissolution determined in the dispersed system was applicable to the coagulated system over a higher dGr range and that the concentrations of Si and Al in the batch experiment were controlled by the precipitation of analcime.

Impacts of thermo-hydro-mechanical experiments on the microbial activity in compacted bentonite at the Kamaishi Mine, northeast Japan

Aoki, Kazuhiro; Sugita, Yutaka; Chijimatsu, Masakazu*; Tazaki, Kazue*

Applied Clay Science, 47(1-2), p.147 - 154, 2010/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.12.016

Microbial activity has been investigated for the bentonite buffer and surrounding host rock (granodiorite) at Kamaishi Mine in Iwate. For the host rock, total number of bacteria and viable microorganisms were enumerated for deep groundwater in granodiorite. Presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were also confirmed. The coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (T-H-M) experiments named" engineered barrier experiments" were carried out to examine the in situ performance of buffer material. At the end of the heating and cooling phases, bentonite samples were taken for microbial analysis to determine if the naturally present microbial population in the buffer material survived the conditions in a simulated vault environment. The results confirmed the existence of heterotrophs, which disappeared in bentonite samples with low water content. These results suggest that microbial activity is severely limited near waste container in the vault for some time after disposal, due to desiccation as a result of the heat output of the waste container. Such knowledge will be useful in assessing the potential effects of microbial activity on deep geological disposal of high level radioactive waste.

Effects of the orientation of smectite particles and ionic strength on diffusion and activation enthalpies of I- and Cs+ ions in compacted smectite

Sato, Haruo

Applied Clay Science, 29, p.267 - 281, 2005/00

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2005.02.003

The concept of air transport of A Type package containing nuclear fuel materials according to the nuclear disaster countermeasures law, and the experience of a transportation of plutonium solution from France are shown.

Diffusion Behaviour of Selenite and Hydroselenide in Compacted Bentonite

Sato, Haruo

Applied Clay Science, 26, p.47 - 55, 2004/00

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2003.10.007

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