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Journal Articles

Modeling the processes of hydrogen isotopes interactions with solid surfaces

Chikhray, Y.*; Askerbekov, S.*; Kenzhin, Y.*; Gordienko, Y.*; Ishitsuka, Etsuo

Fusion Science and Technology, 76(4), p.494 - 502, 2020/05

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:10.11(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Lead benchmark experiment with DT neutrons at JAEA/FNS

Kwon, Saerom*; Ota, Masayuki*; Sato, Satoshi*; Konno, Chikara; Ochiai, Kentaro*

Fusion Science and Technology, 72(3), p.362 - 367, 2017/10

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:48.39(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Lead is a candidate material as a neutron multiplier, a tritium breeder and a coolant in nuclear fusion reactor system, and a $$gamma$$ ray shielding for beam dump or shielding of components in accelerator-driven neutron source such as IFMIF. A benchmark experiment on lead with DT neutrons had been performed at JAEA/FNS seven, where the reaction rates related to neutrons below a few keV had included background neutrons scattered in concrete walls of the experiment room. Thus, we designed and carried out a new benchmark experiment with a lead assembly covered with Li$$_{2}$$O blocks absorbing background neutrons. We successfully measured reaction rates of the non-threshold reactions with the activation foil method. The experiment was analyzed with MCNP code and the latest nuclear data libraries. All the calculated reaction rates (C) tended to underestimate the experimental ones (E) with the depth of the lead assembly. Although reasons of the underestimation have not been specified yet, we discovered that there are remarkable different tendencies of C/Es each reaction rate among the nuclear data libraries.

Journal Articles

Effect of helium on irradiation creep behavior of B-doped F82H irradiated in HFIR

Ando, Masami; Nozawa, Takashi; Hirose, Takanori; Tanigawa, Hiroyasu; Wakai, Eiichi; Stoller, R. E.*; Myers, J.*

Fusion Science and Technology, 68(3), p.648 - 651, 2015/10

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:43.95(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Pressurized tubes of F82H and B-doped F82H irradiated at 573 and 673 K up to $$sim$$6dpa have been measured by a laser profilometer. The irradiation creep strain in F82H irradiated at 573 and 673 K was almost linearly dependent on the effective stress level for stresses below 260 MPa and 170 MPa, respectively. The creep strain of $$^{10}$$BN-F82H was similar to that of F82H IEA at each effective stress level except 294 MPa at 573 K irradiation. For 673 K irradiation, the creep strain of some $$^{10}$$BN-F82H tubes was larger than that of F82H tubes. It is suggested that a swelling caused in each $$^{10}$$BN-F82H because small helium babbles might be produced by a reaction of $$^{10}$$B(n, $$alpha$$) $$^{7}$$Li.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of tritium confinement performance of alumina and zirconium for tritium production in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor for fusion reactors

Katayama, Kazunari*; Ushida, Hiroki*; Matsuura, Hideaki*; Fukada, Satoshi*; Goto, Minoru; Nakagawa, Shigeaki

Fusion Science and Technology, 68(3), p.662 - 668, 2015/10

 Times Cited Count:17 Percentile:79.42(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Tritium production utilizing nuclear reactions by neutron and lithium in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is attractive for development of a fusion reactor. From viewpoints of tritium safety and production efficiency, tritium confinement technique is an important issue. It is known that alumina has high resistance for gas permeation. In this study, hydrogen permeation experiments in commercial alumina tubes were conducted and hydrogen permeability, diffusivity and solubility was evaluated. By using obtained data, tritium permeation behavior from an Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$-coated Li-compound particle was simulated. Additionally, by using literature data for hydrogen behavior in zirconium, an effect of Zr incorporation into an Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ coating on tritium permeation was discussed. It was indicated that the majority of produced tritium was released through the Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ coating above 500$$^{circ}$$C. However, it is expected that total tritium leak is suppressed to below 0.67% of total tritium produced at 500$$^{circ}$$C by incorporating Zr fine particles into the inside of Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ coating.

Journal Articles

Hydrophobic platinum honeycomb catalyst to be used for tritium oxidation reactors

Iwai, Yasunori; Kubo, Hitoshi*; Oshima, Yusuke*; Noguchi, Hiroshi*; Edao, Yuki; Taniuchi, Junichi*

Fusion Science and Technology, 68(3), p.596 - 600, 2015/10

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:16.69(Nuclear Science & Technology)

We have newly developed the hydrophobic platinum honeycomb catalysts applicable to tritium oxidation reactor since the honeycomb-shape catalyst can decrease the pressure drop. Two types of hydrophobic honeycomb catalyst have been test-manufactured. One is the hydrophobic platinum catalyst on a metal honeycomb. The other is the hydrophobic platinum catalyst on a ceramic honeycomb made of silicon carbide. The fine platinum particles around a few nanometers significantly improve the catalytic activity for the oxidation tritium at a tracer concentration. The hydrogen concentration in the gaseous feed slightly affects the overall reaction rate constant for hydrogen oxidation. Due to the competitive adsorption of hydrogen and water molecules on platinum surface, the overall reaction rate constant has the bottom value. The hydrogen concentration for the bottom value is 100 ppm under the dry feed gas. We have experimentally confirmed the activity of these honeycomb catalysts is as good as that of pellet-shape hydrophobic catalyst. The results support the hydrophobic honeycomb catalysts are applicable to tritium oxidation reactor.

Journal Articles

Study on operation scenario of tritium production for a fusion reactor using a high temperature gas-cooled reactor

Kawamoto, Yasuko*; Nakaya, Hiroyuki*; Matsuura, Hideaki*; Katayama, Kazunari*; Goto, Minoru; Nakagawa, Shigeaki

Fusion Science and Technology, 68(2), p.397 - 401, 2015/09

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:9.26(Nuclear Science & Technology)

To start up a fusion reactor, it is necessary to provide a sufficient amount of tritium from an external device. Herein, methods for supplying a fusion reactor with tritium are discussed. Use of a high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) as a tritium production device has been proposed. So far, the analyses have been focused only on the operation in which fuel is periodically exchanged (batch) using the block type HTGR. In the pebble bed type HTGR, it is possible to design an operation that has no time loss for refueling. The pebble bed type HTGR (PBMR) and the block type HTGR (GTHTR300) are assumed as the calculation and comparison targets. Simulation is made using the continuous-energy Monte Carlo transport code MVPBURN. It is shown that the continuous operation using the pebble bed type HTGR has almost the same tritium productivity compared with the batch operation using the block type HGTR. The issues for pebble bed type HTGR as a tritium production device are discussed.

Journal Articles

Management strategy for radioactive waste in the fusion DEMO reactor

Someya, Yoji; Tobita, Kenji; Uto, Hiroyasu; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Hoshino, Kazuo; Nakamura, Makoto; Tokunaga, Shinsuke

Fusion Science and Technology, 68(2), p.423 - 427, 2015/09

 Times Cited Count:12 Percentile:68.49(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The radioactive waste is generated in every replacement of an in-vessel component. Maintenance scheme is to replace the blanket segment and divertor cassette independently, as the lifetime of them is different. The blanket segment consists of some blanket modules mounted to back-plate. Total weight is estimated to amount to about 6,648 ton (1,575 ton of blanket module, 3,777 ton of back-plate, 372 ton of conducting shell and 924 ton of divertor cassette). In base case, main parameters of DEMO reactor are 8.2 m of major radius and 1.35 GW of fusion output. The lifetimes of blanket segment and divertor cassette are assumed to be 2.2 years and 0.6 year, respectively, 52,487 ton wastes is generated in plant life of 20 years. Therefore, there is a concern that a contamination controlled area for the radioactive waste may increase because much the waste is generated in every replacement. In this paper, management scenario is proposed to reduce the radioactive waste. The back-plates and cassette bodies (628 ton) of divertor was reused. As a result, the displacement per atom (DPA) of the back-plates of SUS316L was 0.2 DPA/year and that of the cassette bodies of F82H was 0.6 DPA/year. Therefore, reusing the back-plates and cassette bodies would be possible, if re-welding points are arranged under neutron shielding. It was found that radioactive waste could be reduced to 20%, when tritium breeding materials are recycled. Finally, a design of DEMO building such as a hot cell and temporary storage etc. is proposed.

Journal Articles

Present status of manufacturing and R&Ds for the JT-60SA tokamak

Higashijima, Satoru; Kamada, Yutaka; Barabaschi, P.*; Shirai, Hiroshi; JT-60SA Team

Fusion Science and Technology, 68(2), p.259 - 266, 2015/09

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

One-dimensional analysis of ECRH-assisted plasma start-up in JT-60SA

Hada, Kazuyoshi*; Nagasaki, Kazunobu*; Masuda, Kai*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Ide, Shunsuke; Isayama, Akihiko; Kajiwara, Ken

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(4), p.693 - 704, 2015/05

 Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:62.42(Nuclear Science & Technology)

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Development of ITER equatorial EC launcher components toward the final design

Takahashi, Koji; Kajiwara, Ken; Oda, Yasuhisa; Sakamoto, Keishi; Omori, Toshimichi*; Henderson, M.*

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(4), p.718 - 731, 2015/05

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:31.62(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Development of an electron cyclotron (EC) equatorial launcher has been undergoing a series of prototype tests and design enhancements intending to improve reliability and functionality of the launcher. The design enhancements include adaptation of the launcher steering angles such that one of three beam rows of the launcher is necessary flipped to perform counter current drive (to conform to a new ITER physics requirement). Also the top and bottom steering rows have been tilted with angle of 5$$^{circ}$$ so that the top and bottom beam row can access from on axis to near mid-radius. Furthermore, the position of the focusing mirror that forms a quasi-optical in-vessel millimeter wave transmission line is modified to increase the nuclear shielding capability. High power experiment of the mm-wave launching system mock-up fabricated in basis of the design confirmed the successful steering capability of 20$$^{circ}$$$$sim$$40$$^{circ}$$. It was measured that some of stray RF propagated in the beam duct and generated some heat on the duct at a certain condition of mm-wave transmission. Prototype tests also include the fabrication of the blanket shield module and the partial port plug mock-up and have shown no serious technological issue on the fabrication and the cooling functionality.

Journal Articles

Effect of tritium on corrosion behavior of chromium in 0.01N sulfuric acid solution

Oyaizu, Makoto; Isobe, Kanetsugu; Hayashi, Takumi

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(3), p.519 - 522, 2015/04

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:24.66(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The effects of tritiated water on the corrosion behavior of chromium were electrochemically studied by anodic polarization measurements with changing tritium concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration as parameters in the electrolyte of 0.01N sulfuric acid solution, self-passivation due to dissolved oxygen could be observed in pure water without tritium. As a result, it was found that the self-passivation was inhibited in tritiated electrolyte as shown in the previous studies for SUS304 stainless steel. It is indicated from the result that the passivation inhibitory effect for SUS304 stainless steel could be induced by dissolution of chromium in passivation film on SUS304 stainless steel.

Journal Articles

Behavior of tritium in the vacuum vessel of JT-60U

Kobayashi, Kazuhiro; Torikai, Yuji*; Saito, Makiko; Alimov, V. Kh.*; Miya, Naoyuki; Ikeda, Yoshitaka

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(2), p.428 - 431, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Disassembly of the JT-60U torus was started in 2010 after 18 years deuterium operations. In the disassembly of the JT-60U torus, tritium retention in the vacuum vessel of the JT-60U is one of the most important safety issues for the fusion reactor. It was very important to study the tritium behavior in Inconel 625 from viewpoint of the clearance procedure in the future plan. After the tritium release for about 1 year at 298 K, the residual tritium in the specimen was released by heating up to 1073 K, and then the residual tritium in the specimen was measured by chemical etching method. Most of the chemical form of the released tritium was HTO. The contaminated specimen by tritium was released continuously the diffusible tritium under the ambient condition. In the tritium release experiment, most of tritium in the specimen was released during 1 year.

Journal Articles

Evaluation of tritium release properties of advanced tritium breeders

Hoshino, Tsuyoshi; Ochiai, Kentaro; Edao, Yuki; Kawamura, Yoshinori

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(2), p.386 - 389, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:13 Percentile:71.17(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Demonstration power reactors (DEMOs) require advanced tritium breeders that have high stability at high temperatures. Therefore, the pebble fabrication of Li$$_{2}$$TiO$$_{3}$$ with excess Li (Li$$_{2+x}$$TiO$$_{3+y}$$) as an advanced tritium breeder was carried out. In this study, a preliminary examination of the tritium release properties of advanced tritium breeders was performed. DT neutron irradiation experiments were performed at the fusion neutronics source (FNS) facility in JAEA. The Li$$_{2+x}$$TiO$$_{3+y}$$ pebbles exhibited good tritium release properties similar to the Li$$_{2}$$TiO$$_{3}$$ pebbles. In particular, the released amount of HT gas for easier tritium handling was higher than that of HTO water.

Journal Articles

Recent progress on tritium technology research and development for a fusion reactor in Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Hayashi, Takumi; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Kawamura, Yoshinori; Iwai, Yasunori; Isobe, Kanetsugu; Yamada, Masayuki; Suzuki, Takumi; Kurata, Rie; Oyaizu, Makoto; Edao, Yuki; et al.

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(2), p.365 - 370, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:9.26(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Measurement of tritium penetration through concrete material covered by various paints coating

Edao, Yuki; Kawamura, Yoshinori; Kurata, Rie; Fukada, Satoshi*; Takeishi, Toshiharu*; Hayashi, Takumi; Yamanishi, Toshihiko

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(2), p.320 - 323, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The present study aims at obtaining fundamental knowledge for tritium transfer behavior and interaction between tritium and paint coated on concrete walls. The amounts of tritium penetration and release in cement paste with epoxy and urethane paint coatings were measured. The tritium penetration amounts were increased with the HTO exposure time. Time to achieve each saturate tritium value was more than 60 days for cement paste coated with epoxy paint and with urethane paint, while cement paste without paint took 2 days to achieve it. Tritium penetration rates were estimated by an analysis of diffusion model. Although their paint coatings were effective for reduction of tritium penetration through the cement paste exposed to HTO for a short period, the amount of tritium trapped in the paints became large for a long time. This work has been performed under the collaboration research between JAEA and Kyushu University.

Journal Articles

Correlation of rates of tritium migration through porous concrete

Fukada, Satoshi*; Katayama, Kazunari*; Takeishi, Toshiharu*; Edao, Yuki; Kawamura, Yoshinori; Hayashi, Takumi; Yamanishi, Toshihiko

Fusion Science and Technology, 67(2), p.99 - 102, 2015/03

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Development of advanced neutron multipliers for DEMO blankets

Nakamichi, Masaru; Kim, Jae-Hwan

Fusion Science and Technology, 66, p.157 - 162, 2014/08

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:8.38(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Engineering validation and engineering design of lithium target facility in IFMIF/EVEDA project

Wakai, Eiichi; Kondo, Hiroo; Kanemura, Takuji; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Ida, Mizuho*; Ito, Yuzuru; Niitsuma, Shigeto; Edao, Yuki; et al.

Fusion Science and Technology, 66(1), p.46 - 56, 2014/07

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:29.67(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Journal Articles

Honeycomb Palladium catalyst for the oxidation of tritiated hydrocarbons produced in tritium facilities

Iwai, Yasunori; Sato, Katsumi; Yamanishi, Toshihiko

Fusion Science and Technology, 66(1), p.214 - 220, 2014/07

 Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:29.67(Nuclear Science & Technology)

We have developed a honeycomb Pd catalyst applicable for the oxidation of the tritiated hydrocarbons. In this study, honeycomb Pd catalysts of three different densities, 2, 5 and 10 g/L, were prepared to investigate the effect of density on reaction rate. Tritiated methane was selected as a typical hydrocarbon. Overall reaction rate constant for tritiated methane oxidation on honeycomb Pd catalyst were determined with a flow-through system as a function of space velocity from 1000 to 6300 h$$^{-1}$$, methane concentration in carrier from 0.004 to 100 ppm, temperature of catalyst from 322 to 673 K. The density of palladium deposited on the base material had little effect on reaction rate for tritiated methane oxidation. The overall reaction rate constant was proportional to the space velocity. The overall reaction rate constant was independent on the methane concentration when it was less than 10 ppm.

Journal Articles

Neutronics of SiC-LiPb high temperature blanket for tritium production

Kwon, S.*; Sato, Satoshi; Kasada, Ryuta*; Konishi, Satoshi*

Fusion Science and Technology, 64(3), p.599 - 603, 2013/09

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:17.98(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Tritium production/breeding behavior in LiPb blanket module was evaluated by neutron transport code MCNP with nuclear cross-section data from FENDL-2.1 libraries. The calculation results were suggested that the sufficient TBR can be obtained in the SiC-LiPb blanket concept. A proper integral experiment on LiPb with DT neutrons in a small test module was evaluated. Also, tritium breeding ratio, tritium production ratio, proper neutron shielding material and nuclear heating in the module were evaluated. With the results of TPR and actual neutron generation devices, we have proposed the plan of the integral experiment and measurable tritium amount.

510 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)