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Han, J.*; 内村 友宏*; 荒木 康史; Yoon, J.-Y.*; 竹内 祐太郎*; 山根 結太*; 金井 駿*; 家田 淳一; 大野 英男*; 深見 俊輔*
Nature Physics, 20(7), p.1110 - 1117, 2024/07
被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01量子状態の幾何学的構造を特徴づける基礎的な量として、「量子計量」と「ベリー曲率」が存在する。ベリー曲率は、凝縮系において多種の重要な現象に寄与することが知られている。一方、量子計量も新たなトポロジカル物理現象の起源となることが予想されているが、特に常温常圧下においては、その効果はほとんど探索されていない。本研究では、トポロジカルカイラル反強磁性体MnSnと白金の接合系を用い、界面でのナノスピン構造を介して、電子系の量子計量構造の制御に成功した。ベリー曲率ではなく量子計量特有の効果として、時間反転反対称でかつ電子散乱に対して頑強な、二次非線形ホール効果を測定した。更に、界面スピン構造は弱磁場及び界面スピン軌道相互作用によって急峻に変調されるため、量子計量構造も鋭敏に制御可能であることを示した。本研究成果により、量子状態に内在する量子計量構造を活用したトポロジカル物理現象が室温環境下でも可能になり、且つ応用面においても非線形素子を構築する助けとなることが期待される。
Zeng, Z.*; Zhou, C.*; Zhou, H.*; Han, L.*; Chi, R.*; Li, K.*; 古府 麻衣子; 中島 健次; Wei, Y.*; Zhang, W.*; et al.
Nature Physics, 20(7), p.1097 - 1102, 2024/07
Emergent quasiparticles with a Dirac dispersion in condensed matter systems can be described by the Dirac equation for relativistic electrons, in analogy with Dirac particles in high-energy physics. For example, electrons with a Dirac dispersion have been intensively studied in electronic systems such as graphene and topological insulators. However, charge is not a prerequisite for Dirac fermions, and the emergence of Dirac fermions without a charge degree of freedom has been theoretically predicted to be realized in Dirac quantum spin liquids. These quasiparticles carry a spin of 1/2 but are charge-neutral and so are called spinons. Here we show that the spin excitations of a kagome antiferromagnet, YCu(OD)Br[Br(OD)], are conical with a spin continuum inside, which is consistent with the convolution of two Dirac spinons. The predictions of a Dirac spin liquid model with a spinon velocity obtained from spectral measurements are in agreement with the low-temperature specific heat of the sample. Our results, thus, provide spectral evidence for a Dirac quantum spin liquid state emerging in this kagome lattice antiferromagnet. However, the locations of the conical spin excitations differ from those calculated by the nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model, suggesting the Dirac spinons have an unexpected origin.
市川 翼*; 箱嶋 秀昭*; 乾 幸地*; 伊藤 康介*; 松田 亮*; 御手洗 光祐*; 宮本 幸一*; 水上 渉*; 水田 郁*; 森 俊夫*; et al.
Nature Reviews Physics (Internet), 6(6), p.345 - 347, 2024/06
Access to quantum computers has been democratized by the availability of cloud services from commercial providers, but the numbers of qubits users can exploit have remained modest, limited by noise and errors. What are these qubits used for and what can we expect next?
Zhao, K.*; 常盤 欣文; Chen, H.*; Gegenwart, P.*
Nature Physics, 20(3), p.442 - 449, 2024/03
磁性結晶において、時間反転対称性が明示的に破れているにもかかわらず、時間反転に関連する二つの平衡状態は常にエネルギー的に等価である。強磁性体では、この時間反転の等価性は磁化の磁場依存性のヒステリシスおよび金属的な場合には異常ホール効果(AHE)のヒステリシスに現れる。時間反転において、これらの量は符号が変わるが、その大きさは変わらない。ここでは、金属的なカゴメ型スピンアイスHoAgGeにおいて、カゴメ面に平行な磁場が印加された際に時間反転に似た等価性が現れることを示す。低温で磁化の磁場依存性においては消失するヒステリシスが見られるが、磁場依存のAHEにおいては有限のヒステリシスがある。これは、ほぼ同じエネルギーと純磁化を持ちながら、AHEと縦方向の磁気抵抗の大きさが異なる状態の出現を示唆している。実験データと最小のタイトバインディングモデルの解析により、これらのほぼ等価な状態を関連付ける時間反転に似た操作を特定した。これは、HoAgGeにおけるカゴメ格子の非自明な歪みに関連している。われわれの研究は、トランスポート現象がイライラしたスピン系における隠れた対称性を特定するための診断力を示している。
高木 寛貴*; 高木 里奈*; 見波 将*; 野本 拓也*; 大石 一城*; 鈴木 通人*; 柳 有起*; 平山 元昭*; Khanh, N.*; 軽部 皓介*; et al.
Nature Physics, 19(7), p.961 - 968, 2023/07
被引用回数:8 パーセンタイル:95.84(Physics, Multidisciplinary)In ferromagnets, electric current generally induces a transverse Hall voltage in proportion to the internal magnetization. This effect is frequently used for electrical readout of the spin up and down states. While these properties are usually not expected in antiferromagnets, recent theoretical studies predicted that non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order with finite scalar spin chirality - meaning a solid angle spanned by neighboring spins - can induce a large spontaneous Hall effect even without net magnetization or external magnetic field. This phenomenon, the spontaneous topological Hall effect, can potentially be used for the efficient electrical readout of the antiferromagnetic states, but it has not been experimentally verified due to a lack of appropriate materials hosting such magnetism. Here, we report the discovery of all-in-all-out type non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order in triangular lattice compounds CoTaS and CoNbS. These compounds are reported to host unconventionally large spontaneous Hall effect despite their vanishingly small net magnetization, and our analysis reveals that it can be explained in terms of the topological Hall effect that originates from the fictitious magnetic field associated with scalar spin chirality. These results indicate that the scalar spin chirality mechanism offers a promising route to the realisation of giant spontaneous Hall response even in compensated antiferromagnets, and highlight intercalated van der Waals magnets as a promising quasi-two-dimensional material platform to enable various nontrivial ways of electrical reading and possible writing of non-coplanar antiferromagnetic domains.
西 隆博*; 橋本 直; 他46名*
Nature Physics, 19(6), p.788 - 793, 2023/06
被引用回数:4 パーセンタイル:88.07(Physics, Multidisciplinary)According to quantum chromodynamics, vacuum is not an empty space, because it is filled with quark-antiquark pairs. The pair has the same quantum numbers as the vacuum and forms a condensate because the strong interaction of the quantum chromodynamics is too strong to leave the vacuum empty. This quark-antiquark condensation, the chiral condensate, breaks the chiral symmetry of the vacuum. The expectation value of the chiral condensate is an order parameter of the chiral symmetry, which is expected to decrease at high temperatures or high matter densities where the chiral symmetry is partially restored. Head-on collisions of nuclei at ultra-relativistic energies have explored the high-temperature regime, but experiments at high densities are rare. Here we measure the spectrum of pionic Sn atoms and study the interaction between the pion and the nucleus. We find that the expectation value of the chiral condensate is reduced at finite density compared to the value in vacuum. The reduction is linearly extrapolated to the nuclear saturation density and indicates that the chiral symmetry is partially restored due to the extremely high density of the nucleus.
Aidala, C.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他312名*
Nature Physics, 15(3), p.214 - 220, 2019/03
被引用回数:154 パーセンタイル:99.02(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Experimental studies of the collisions of heavy nuclei at relativistic energies have established the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of hot, dense nuclear matter in which quarks and gluons are not bound into hadrons. In this state, matter behaves as a nearly inviscid fluid that efficiently translates initial spatial anisotropies into correlated momentum anisotropies among the particles produced, creating a common velocity field pattern known as collective flow. In recent years, comparable momentum anisotropies have been measured in small-system proton-proton and proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions, despite expectations that the volume and lifetime of the medium produced would be too small to form a QGP. Here we report on the observation of elliptic and triangular flow patterns of charged particles produced in proton-gold (p+Au), deuteron-gold (d+Au) and helium-gold (He+Au) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy = 200 GeV. The unique combination of three distinct initial geometries and two flow patterns provides unprecedented model discrimination. Hydrodynamical models, which include the formation of a short-lived QGP droplet, provide the best simultaneous description of these measurements.
Marsh, B. A.*; Day Goodacre, T.*; 角田 佑介*; Andreyev, A. N.; 他41名*
Nature Physics, 14(12), p.1163 - 1167, 2018/12
被引用回数:98 パーセンタイル:96.89(Physics, Multidisciplinary)In rare cases, the removal of a single proton (Z) or neutron (N) from an atomic nucleus leads to a dramatic shape change. These instances are crucial for understanding the components of the nuclear interactions that drive deformation. The mercuryisotopes (Z = 80) are a striking example: their close neighbours, the lead isotopes (Z = 82), are spherical and steadily shrink with decreasing N. The even-mass (A = N + Z) mercury isotopes follow this trend. The odd-mass mercury isotopes Hg, however, exhibit noticeably larger charge radii. Due to the experimental difficulties of probing extremely neutron-deficient systems, and the computational complexity of modelling such heavy nuclides, the microscopic origin of this unique shape staggering has remained unclear. Here, by applying resonance ionization spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and nuclear spectroscopy as far as Hg, we determine Hg as the shape-staggering endpoint. By combining our experimental measurements with Monte Carlo shell model calculations, we conclude that this phenomenon results from the interplay between monopole and quadrupole interactions driving a quantum phase transition, for which we identify the participating orbitals. Although shape staggering in the mercury isotopes is a unique and localized feature in the nuclear chart, it nicely illustrates the concurrence of single-particle and collective degrees of freedom at play in atomic nuclei.
塩見 雄毅*; Lustikova, J.*; 渡辺 真悟*; 廣部 大地*; 高橋 三郎*; 齊藤 英治
Nature Physics, 15(1), p.22 - 26, 2018/10
被引用回数:17 パーセンタイル:75.25(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Various spintronic phenomena originate from the exchange of angular momentum between the spin of electrons and other degrees of freedom in crystalline materials. Many degrees of freedom, such as magnetization and mechanical motion, have already been united into this exchange framework. However, the nuclear spin -a key angular momentum- has yet to be incorporated. Here we observe spin pumping from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in which nuclear spin dynamics emits a spin current, a flow of spin angular momentum of electrons. By using the canted antiferromagnet MnCO, in which typical nuclear spin-wave formation is established due to the reinforced hyperfine coupling, we find that a spin current is generated from an NMR. Nuclear spins are indispensable for quantum information technology and are also frequently used in various sensors, such as in magnetic resonance imaging. The observed NMR spin pumping allows spin-current generation from nuclei and will enable spintronic detection of nuclear spin states.
米澤 進吾*; 田尻 兼悟*; 中田 勝*; 永井 佑紀; Wang, Z.*; 瀬川 耕司*; 安藤 陽一*; 前野 悦輝*
Nature Physics, 13(2), p.123 - 126, 2017/02
被引用回数:198 パーセンタイル:98.99(Physics, Multidisciplinary)銅酸化物高温超伝導体や鉄系高温超伝導体に代表される非従来型超伝導体は、様々な産業への応用が期待され世界中で盛んに研究されている。特に、従来とは異なった熱応答や電磁応答を示すトポロジカル超伝導体と呼ばれる物質群が注目を集めている。そこで、本論文では、トポロジカル絶縁体BiSeに銅をインターカレートすることで作成される超伝導体CuBiSeの新奇物性を調べるために、磁場を面内に回転させて比熱を高精度に測定し、理論結果と比較した。なお、上記課題の解決にあたり、トポロジカル超伝導体の有効理論を構築することで本質を落とさずに系の自由度を大幅に縮小させることで幅広い温度磁場領域での実験結果との比較を可能にした。その結果、この物質では二回対称性のみを持つネマティック超伝導状態が生じていることを実験によって明らかにすることができた。これらの結果は、超伝導体の基礎物性を明らかにするのみならず、良い物性を持つデバイス開発に資する成果であり、広く原子力分野の材料開発のためのシミュレーション基盤開発にも資する成果である。
廣部 大地*; 佐藤 正寛*; 川股 隆行*; 塩見 雄毅*; 内田 健一*; 井口 亮*; 小池 洋二*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Nature Physics, 13(1), p.30 - 34, 2017/01
被引用回数:100 パーセンタイル:96.77(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Quantum spin fluctuation in a low-dimensional or frustrated magnet breaks magnetic ordering while keeping spin correlation. Such fluctuation has been a central topic in magnetism because of its relevance to high-Tc superconductivity and topological states. However, utilizing such spin states has been quite difficult. In a one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain, a particle-like excitation called a spinon is known to be responsible for spin fluctuation in a paramagnetic state. Spinons behave as a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid at low energy, and the spin system is often called a quantum spin chain. Here we show that a quantum spin chain generates and carries spin current, which is attributed to spinon spin current. This is demonstrated by observing an anisotropic negative spin Seebeck effect along the spin chains in SrCuO. The results show that spin current can flow even in an atomic channel owing to long-range spin fluctuation.
高橋 遼*; 松尾 衛; 小野 正雄; 針井 一哉; 中堂 博之; 岡安 悟; 家田 淳一; 高橋 三郎*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Nature Physics, 12, p.52 - 56, 2016/01
被引用回数:109 パーセンタイル:96.40(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Magnetohydrodynamic generation is the conversion of fluid kinetic energy into electricity. Such conversion, which has been applied to various types of electric power generation, is driven by the Lorentz force acting on charged particles and thus a magnetic field is necessary. On the other hand, recent studies of spintronics have revealed the similarity between the function of a magnetic field and that of spin-orbit interactions in condensed matter. This suggests the existence of an undiscovered route to realize the conversion of fluid dynamics into electricity without using magnetic fields. Here we show electric voltage generation from fluid dynamics free from magnetic fields; we excited liquid-metal flows in a narrow channel and observed longitudinal voltage generation in the liquid. This voltage has nothing to do with electrification or thermoelectric effects, but turned out to follow a universal scaling rule based on a spin-mediated scenario. The result shows that the observed voltage is caused by spin-current generation from a fluid motion: spin hydrodynamic generation. The observed phenomenon allows us to make mechanical spin-current and electric generators, opening a door to fluid spintronics.
山下 卓也*; 下山 祐介*; 芳賀 芳範; 松田 達磨*; 山本 悦嗣; 大貫 惇睦; 住吉 浩明*; 藤本 聡*; Levchenko, A.*; 芝内 孝禎*; et al.
Nature Physics, 11(1), p.17 - 20, 2015/01
被引用回数:51 パーセンタイル:89.49(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Observation of a colossal Nernst signal is reported. URuSi is known as a heavy fermion superconductor. The superconductivity coexists with the so-called hidden-order phase. The Nernst coefficient is enhanced by as large as million times over the theoretically expected value within the standard framework of superconducting fluctuations. Moreover, contrary to the conventional wisdom, the enhancement is more significant with the reduction of the impurity scattering rate. This anomalous Nernst effect intimately reflects the highly unusual superconducting state in URuSi.
神戸 振作; 酒井 宏典; 徳永 陽; Lapertot, G.*; 松田 達磨*; Knebel, G.*; Flouquet, J.*; Walstedt, R. E.*
Nature Physics, 10(11), p.840 - 844, 2014/11
被引用回数:18 パーセンタイル:70.71(Physics, Multidisciplinary)共存した静的なフェルミ液体および非フェルミ液体状態がYbRhSiの中の量子相転移の重要な特徴であることを解明した。単結晶サンプルの核磁気共鳴(NMR)スピン格子緩和時間測定し、フェルミの液体および非フェルミ液体状態の共存比が磁場により変化することを突き止めた。またこの比がもつスケール則も見いだした。
平石 雅俊*; 飯村 壮史*; 小嶋 健児*; 山浦 淳一*; 平賀 晴弘*; 池田 一貴*; Miao, P.*; 石川 喜久*; 鳥居 周輝*; 宮崎 正範*; et al.
Nature Physics, 10(4), p.300 - 303, 2014/04
被引用回数:103 パーセンタイル:95.33(Physics, Multidisciplinary)High-temperature (high-) superconductivity appears as a consequence of the carrier-doping of an undoped parent compound exhibiting antiferromagnetic order; thereby, ground-state properties of the parent compound are closely relevant to the superconducting state. On the basis of the concept, a spin-fluctuation has been addressed as an origin of pairing of the superconducting electrons in cuprates. Whereas, there is growing interest in the pairing mechanism such as an unconventional spin-fluctuation or an advanced orbital-fluctuation due to the characteristic multi-orbital system in iron-pnictides. Here, we report the discovery of an antiferromagnetic order as well as a unique structural transition in electron-overdoped LaFeAsOH (), whereby another parent phase was uncovered, albeit heavily doped. The unprecedented two-dome superconducting phases observed in this material can be interpreted as a consequence of the carrier-doping starting from the original at and advanced at parent phases toward the intermediate region. The bipartite parent phases with distinct physical properties in the second magnetic phase provide us with an interesting example to illustrate the intimate interplay among the magnetic interaction, structural change and orbital degree of freedom in iron-pnictides.
渡邉 峻一郎*; 安藤 和也*; Kang, K.*; Mooser, S.*; Vaynzof, Y.*; 紅林 秀和*; 齊藤 英治; Sirringhaus, H.*
Nature Physics, 10(4), p.308 - 313, 2014/04
被引用回数:171 パーセンタイル:97.86(Physics, Multidisciplinary)In spintronics, pure spin currents play a key role in transmitting, processing and storing information. A pure spin current is a flow of electron spin angular momentum without a simultaneous flow of charge current. It can be carried by conduction electrons or magnons and has been studied in many inorganic metals, semiconductors and insulators, but not yet in organic semiconductors. Charge carriers in -conjugated organic materials are localized spin-1/2 polarons which move by hopping, but the mechanisms of their spin transport and relaxation are not well understood. Here we use ferromagnetic resonance spin pumping in a ferromagnet/conjugated polymer/nonmagnetic spin-sink trilayer to demonstrate the ability of polarons to carry pure spin currents over hundreds of nanometres with long spin relaxation times of up to a millisecond and to exhibit Hanle precession. By systematically comparing charge and spin transport on the same trilayer we show that spin-orbit coupling mediates spin relaxation at room temperature.
池田 浩章*; 鈴木 通人; 有田 亮太郎*; 瀧本 哲也*; 芝内 孝禎*; 松田 祐司*
Nature Physics, 8(7), p.528 - 533, 2012/07
被引用回数:133 パーセンタイル:96.08(Physics, Multidisciplinary)ウラン化合物URuSiが低温において示す隠れた量子秩序相は、長年、多岐に渡る研究がなされてきたが、その秩序構造は未だ明らかにされておらず、固体物理学の一つのミステリーと目されてきた(それゆえ、隠れた秩序相を呼ばれている)。本論文の目的は、第一原理計算手法に基づいて、その隠れた秩序相における秩序構造を同定することにある。本論文では電子状態の詳細な解析結果の報告とともに、URuSiの多極子相関の計算結果から、対称性を持つ多極子のネマティック秩序が有力な秩序状態であることを示した。この結果は、実際に、実験的に観測される異方的な磁気励起、反強磁性秩序状態との競合、4回対称性の破れなどを含む実験結果を包括的に説明することに成功しており、長年の謎を解明する有力な秩序候補と言える。
Mounce, A. M.*; Oh, S.*; Mukhopadhyay, S.*; Halperin, W. P.*; Reyes, A. P.*; Kuhns, P. L.*; 藤田 和博*; 石角 元志; 内田 慎一*
Nature Physics, 7(2), p.125 - 128, 2011/02
被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:47.06超伝導磁束が電気的に帯電され特に高温超伝導体で増大されることが予言されている。ホール効果と核磁気共鳴(NMR)の実験は渦核での電荷の蓄積の存在を示唆するがその効果は小さくて解釈は論争の的となっている。ここでわれわれは、もしボルテックスコアに電荷が補足されるならアブリコソフ磁束格子(超伝導体の混合状態の特徴である)は十分に高い磁場で不安定になることを示す。Bi2212単結晶のボルテックスによって生成された磁場のNMR測定はそれぞれ210程度のパンケーキ磁束を伴う、静電的に駆動された磁束格子の再構成の証拠を提供する。また、それはドーピングにより理論的な見積もりと一致する。
花栗 哲郎*; 幸坂 祐生*; Davis, J. C.*; Lupien, C.*; 山田 幾也*; 東 正樹*; 高野 幹夫*; 大石 一城; 小野 雅紀*; 高木 英典*
Nature Physics, 3(12), p.865 - 871, 2007/12
被引用回数:141 パーセンタイル:95.63(Physics, Multidisciplinary)High-transition-temperature (high-) superconductivity is ubiquitous in the cuprates containing CuO planes, but each cuprate has its own character. The study of the material dependence of the -wave superconducting gap (SG) should provide important insights into the mechanism of high- superconductivity. However, because of the "pseudogap" phenomenon, it is often unclear whether the energy gaps observed by spectroscopic techniques really represent the SG. Here, we use scanning tunnelling spectroscopy to image nearly optimally doped CaNaCuOCl (Na-CCOC) with K. It enables us to observe the quasiparticle interference effect in this material, through which we obtain unambiguous information on the SG. Our analysis of quasiparticle interference in Na-CCOC reveals that the SG dispersion near the gap node is almost identical to that of BiSrCaCuO (Bi2212) at the same doping level, despite the of Bi2212 being three times higher than that of Na-CCOC. We also find that the SG in Na-CCOC is confined in narrower energy and momentum ranges than Bi2212, which explains at least in part the remarkable material dependence of .
藤森 伸一; 斎藤 祐児; 岡根 哲夫; 藤森 淳*; 山上 浩志*; 芳賀 芳範; 山本 悦嗣; 大貫 惇睦*
Nature Physics, 3(9), p.618 - 622, 2007/09
被引用回数:46 パーセンタイル:83.51(Physics, Multidisciplinary)重い電子系において、f電子は温度によって遍歴・局在の両者の性質を示す。特性温度以上では、磁性は完全に局在したf電子モデルによって記述される。一方、以下の温度では、フェルミ面が遍歴したf電子モデルによって説明される。この二つのモデルは完全に異なるf電子を仮定しており、f電子がどのようにしてその二重性を示すのかは理解されてこなかった。この研究では、重い電子系超伝導化合物UPdAlのバンド構造を角度分解光電子分光によっての上下で測定し、低温でフェルミ面を形成していたf電子が高温でフェルミ準位から排除されることを見いだした。この結果は、f電子がどのようにして遍歴から局在へと変化するかを電子状態の立場から示すものである。