None

Mitsuguchi, Takehiro; Yamano, Hiroya*

Whole history of the earth; Fragment of earth's history collected from the world, p.59 - 60, 2025/03

no abstracts in English

Evaluation on review of screening level of simple measurement of radioactive iodine radioactivity in the thyroid in the case of a nuclear accident

Hokama, Tomonori; Kimura, Masanori; Togawa, Orihiko

JAEA-Research 2023-010, 57 Pages, 2024/02

JAEA-Research-2023-010.pdf:3.29MB

In the case of a nuclear accident, itis planned to perform simple measurement of radioactive iodine radioactivity in the thyroid of residents. The screening level for simple measurement is set at 0.20 Sv/h as a reference, and it is required to be reviewed appropriately according to the situation such as a nuclear accident. However, a specific method for reviewing the screening level is not shown. When reviewing the screening level, it is important to take into account factors related to the feasibility of simple measurement, such as the judgment level for internal exposure dose of the thyroid and the duration of the measurement period. In this study, we organized the derivation process of 0.20 Sv/h, which was set as the reference for screening level, and considered the feasibility of the reviewing of screening level. We calculated the relationship between the judgment level and the duration of simple measurement for each screening level, ranging from 0.025 to 0.50 Sv/h. Then, the feasibility of the reviewing of screening level was considered. It was found that reviewing the screening level is technically feasible, provided that the judgment level and the duration of simple measurement are appropriate. However, assuming that simple measurement will be performed in an actual nuclear accident, we assessed that it would be reasonable to review the screening level within the range of 0.030 to 0.20 Sv/h, in a situation where the duration of simple measurement must be extended.

Iodate respiration by sp. DN11 and its potential use for removal of radioiodine from contaminated aquifers

Sasamura, Seiya*; Onuki, Toshihiko*; Kozai, Naofumi; Amachi, Seigo*

Frontiers in Microbiology (Internet), 14, p.1162788_1 - 1162788_7, 2023/04

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1162788

sp. DN11 previously isolated from gasoline-contaminated groundwater contained a gene cluster involved in bacterial iodate (IO) respiration. This study determined if strain DN11 performed iodate respiration and assessed its potential use to remove and sequester radioactive iodine (I) from subsurface contaminated aquifers. Strain DN11 grew anaerobically with iodate as the sole electron acceptor. After the growth of strain DN11 on iodate, silver-impregnated zeolite was added to the spent medium to remove iodide from the aqueous phase. In the presence of 200 M iodate as the electron acceptor, more than 98% of iodine was successfully removed from the aqueous phase. These results suggest that strain DN11 is potentially helpful for bioaugmentation of I-contaminated subsurface aquifers.

Development of portable thyroid monitoring system with detector shields

Tanimura, Yoshihiko

FBNews, (548), p.1 - 5, 2022/08

In the situation of a severe nuclear accident, radioiodine monitoring in thyroid should be performed for a large number of people immediately after accident. The portable thyroid dose monitoring system with the radiation shield which can be used in a high dose rate condition has been developed. In this paper, the outline of the monitoring system and the performance test results using the system will be described.

I/I and C records in a modern coral from Rowley Shoals off northwestern Australia reflect the 20th-century human nuclear activities and ocean/atmosphere circulations

Mitsuguchi, Takehiro; Okabe, Nobuaki*; Yokoyama, Yusuke*; Yoneda, Minoru*; Shibata, Yasuyuki*; Fujita, Natsuko; Watanabe, Takahiro; Kokubu, Yoko

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 235-236, p.106593_1 - 106593_10, 2021/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106593

For a contribution to developing the usage of iodine-129 (I) as a tracer of deep-seated fluid, I/I and C were measured for annual bands (AD 1931-1991) of a modern coral collected from Northwestern Australia; the measurements were performed using the JAEA-AMS-TONO-5MV for I/I and an AMS facility of the University of Tokyo for C. Results indicate that both I/I and C distinctly increase from 1950s. The C increase can be ascribed to atmospheric nuclear tests, while the I/I increase is due to nuclear-fuel reprocessing as well as atmospheric nuclear tests. These results are in good agreement with previous studies, indicating that the I/I measurement by JAEA-AMS-TONO-5MV has been further developed.

Synthesis and characterization of iodovanadinite using PdI, an iodine source for the immobilisation of radioiodine

Johnstone, E. V.*; Bailey, D. J.*; Lawson, S.*; Stennett, M. C.*; Corkhill, C. L.*; Kim, M.*; Heo, J.*; Matsumura, Daiju; Hyatt, N. C.*

RSC Advances (Internet), 10(42), p.25116 - 25124, 2020/07

https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA04114A

Spectroscopic and first-principles investigations of iodine species incorporation into ettringite; Implications for iodine migration in cement waste forms

Guo, B.*; Xiong, Y.*; Chen, W.*; Saslow, S. A.*; Kozai, Naofumi; Onuki, Toshihiko*; Dabo, I.*; Sasaki, Keiko*

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 389, p.121880_1 - 121880_11, 2020/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121880

A Review of revaporisation behaviour of radioactive Cs deposits and its impact on the source term in severe nuclear accidents from Phbus FP results and single effect testing

Knebel, K.*; Jokiniemi, J.*; Bottomley, D.

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(9-10), p.772 - 789, 2019/09

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2018.1558130

Revaporisation of the fission products deposited in the primary circuit of a reactor was identified as a possible late source of fission product release during a severe accident: eg. loss of coolant accident (LOCA). Subsequent testing has shown that revaporisation is very likely to occur given a breach of the reactor and is an important contributor for the source term release to the containment and biosphere. The first part reviews the revaporisation mechanisms of Cs and other volatile or semi-volatile fission products transported in the primary circuit that were derived from the Phebus FP and associated programmes. The second part examines the separate effects testing to determine the high temperature chemistry ofvolatile and semi-volatile fission products (I, Mo, Ru) and structural materials (Ag, B) as well as atmospheric effects which substantially affect the source term. Finally, it examines Cs data from reactor accident sites that is providing additional knowledge of longer-term fission product chemistry. The results have been summarised in the form of a table and schematic diagram. This accumulated knowledge and experience has important applications to minimising contamination during decommissioning and site remediation techniques, as well as improving SA simulation codes and raising nuclear safety.

Distribution and fate of I in the seabed sediment off Fukushima

Otosaka, Shigeyoshi; Sato, Yuhi*; Suzuki, Takashi; Kuwabara, Jun; Nakanishi, Takahiro

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 192, p.208 - 218, 2018/12

AA2017-0744.pdf:1.17MB

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.025

From August 2011 to October 2013, the concentration of iodine-129 (I) in the seabed sediment collected from 26 stations located within 160 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was estimated. The concentrations of I in seabed sediment off Fukushima in 2011 ranged between 0.02 and 0.45 mBq/kg. Although iodine is a biophilic element, the accident-derived radioiodine negligibly affects the benthic ecosystem. Until October 2013, a slightly increased activity of I in the surface sediment in the shelf-edge region (bottom depth: 200-400 m) was observed. The increase of the I concentrations in the shelf-edge sediments was affected by the (1) transport of I-bound particles from the land through rivers and (2) re-deposition of I desorbed from the contaminated coastal sediment to the shelf-edge sediments, which were considered to be dominant processes.

Vertical distribution of I released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in the Kuroshio and Oyashio current areas

Suzuki, Takashi; Otosaka, Shigeyoshi; Kuwabara, Jun; Kawamura, Hideyuki; Kobayashi, Takuya

Marine Chemistry, 204, p.163 - 171, 2018/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.07.007

To investigate the penetration of radionuclides released from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), depth profiles were revealed at Kuroshio current, transition, and Oyashio current areas. The FDNPP-derived I was found in surface layer at Oyashio current and transition areas and in sub-surface layer at Kuroshio current area. Moreover, it was found that the FDNPP-derived I/Cs ratios in the Oyashio current and transition areas were higher than that in the FDNPP reactor. The higher FDNPP-derived I/Cs ratios suggest three potential mechanisms for the migration of radionuclides in the environment: (1) radioiodine was released more easily than radiocesium by the FDNPP accident, (2) I was supplied from the atmosphere by re-emitted I from contaminated areas around Fukushima, (3) leaked water that removed radiocesium reached the sampling stations. The FDNPP-derived I in sub-surface layer would be transported by the meander of the Kuroshio Extension current.