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Ota, Masakazu; Tanaka, Taku*
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 201, p.5 - 18, 2019/05
Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:58.23(Environmental Sciences)CH
released from deep underground radioactive waste disposal facilities can be a belowground source of
CO
owing to microbial oxidation of
CH
to
CO
in soils. Environmental
C models assume that the transfer of
CO
from soil to plant occurs via foliar uptake of
CO
. Nevertheless, the importance of
CO
root uptake is not well understood. In the present study, belowground transport and oxidation of
CH
were modeled and incorporated into an existing land surface
CO
model (SOLVEG-II) to assess the importance of root uptake on
CO
transfer to plants. Performance of the model in calculating the belowground dynamics of
CH
was validated by simulating a field experiment of
CH
injection into subsoil. The model was then applied to
C transfer in a hypothetical ecosystem impacted by continuous
CH
input from the water table (bottom of one-meter thick soil). In a shallowly rooted ecosystem with rooting depth of 11 cm, foliar uptake of
CO
was significant, accounting for 80% of the
C accumulation in the leaves. In a deeply rooted ecosystem (rooting depth of 97 cm), where the root penetrated to depths close to the water-table, more than half (63%) the
C accumulated in the leaves was transferred by the root uptake. We found that
CO
root uptake in this ecosystem depended on the distribution of methane oxidation in the soil; all
C accumulated in the leaves was transferred by the root uptake when methane oxidation occurred at considerable depths (e-folding depths of 20 cm, or 80 cm). These results indicate that
CO
root uptake contributes significantly to
CO
transfer to plants if
CH
oxidation occurs at great depths and roots penetrate deeply into the soil.
Nishihara, Kenji
ImPACT Fujita Puroguramu Kokai Seika Hokokukai "Kaku Henkan Niyoru Koreberu Hoshasei Haikibutsu No Ohaba Na Teigen, Shigenka" Seika Hokokusho, Shiryoshu, p.28 - 31, 2019/03
In this project, long-lived fission products (LLFP) contained in conventional high-level radioactive wastes are separated and their life is reduced, and elements that can be used as resources are separated. By shortening the life of LLFP, it has been shown that it may be possible to dispose in intermediate depth of several tens of meters, meeting safety requirements, instead of geological disposal. In addition, for reassuring recycling of usable elements, possible exposure pathways were evaluated to estimate the safe concentration level of radioactivity.
Nishihara, Kenji
ImPACT Fujita Puroguramu Kokai Seika Hokokukai "Kaku Henkan Niyoru Koreberu Hoshasei Haikibutsu No Ohaba Na Teigen, Shigenka" Seika Hokokusho, Shiryoshu, p.130 - 133, 2019/03
High level radioactive waste contains elements with various characteristics. It is possible to reduce the load on the disposal site by separating them according to those characteristics and appropriately dealing with them. In this project, we are working to shorten the life span of long-lived fission products (LLFP). When this technology is realized, high-level radioactive wastes will become new radioactive wastes with low radioactivity. As a result of investigation of disposal concept of new radioactive waste, it turned out that intermediate-depth disposal currently considered for low level radioactive waste may be suitable. Intermediate-depth disposal is a method of small-scale disposal in shallow locations as compared to geological disposal for conventional high-level radioactive waste. We conducted a safety assessment when this disposal is applied to new radioactive wastes, and found that it is possible to safely dispose of for the four LLFPs addressed by this project.
Amamoto, Ippei
Journal of the Society of Inorganic Materials, Japan, 24(391), p.393 - 401, 2017/11
Glass is a non-crystalline solid, as such, it is relatively easy to change its composition to control its characteristics. The borosilicate glass, which is produced by the addition of boron oxide into sodium-lime glass, possesses excellent heat-resistant properties and mechanical strength. It has a wide variety of uses. The borosilicate glass is applied as the vitrified medium for radioactive wastes to immobilize and stabilize them for long term. The glass form which is loaded with high-level radioactive waste is called the vitrified waste. This paper classified the radioactive waste and describes treatment and production methods of vitrified waste, its characteristics, disposal method and also introduces alternative vitrified medium.
Tsuji, Tomoyuki; Hoshino, Yuzuru; Sakai, Akihiro; Sakamoto, Yoshiaki; Suzuki, Yasuo*; Machida, Hiroshi*
JAEA-Technology 2017-010, 75 Pages, 2017/06
It is necessary for reasonable disposal to be studied on evaluation methods to determine radioactivity concentrations in the radioactive wastes, which is generated from post-irradiation examination (PIE) facilities, for establishment of reasonable confirmation methods concerning radioactive wastes generated from research, industrial, and medical facilities. It has been chosen the PIE facilities of NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION as a model for this study. As a result, it has been confirmed that the theoretical methods are applied for the important nuclides (H-3, C-14, Co-60, Ni-63, Sr-90, Tc-99, Cs-137, Eu-154, U-234, U-235, U-238, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-240, Pu-241, Am-241 and Cm-244).
Okada, Shota; Izumo, Sari; Nakata, Hisakazu; Tsuji, Tomoyuki; Sakai, Akihiro; Amazawa, Hiroya
JAEA-Technology 2016-023, 129 Pages, 2016/11
Waste packages must meet the technical requirements. This is because JAEA has been preparing an operating procedure manual for quality control of radioactive waste disposal to be applied to the processing of the waste packages. Raw wastes generated by JAEA are segregated and stored by a method specified in the manual. The composition of raw wastes was characterized on the basis of records of the segregation process. Simulated waste packages were produced by placing the waste materials in a 200 liter drum, which was then filled with mortar, followed by curing in a controlled manner. The static load test was conducted to measure deformation and strain performance of the simulated waste package. Compression apparatuses which can imitate loading conditions in pit-type and trench-type facility that are planned by JAEA were used. Based on the test result, waste packages produced in accordance with the manual met the technical requirement under the condition.
Kitamura, Akira; Kirishima, Akira*
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 52(3), p.448 - 450, 2015/03
Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:10.74(Nuclear Science & Technology)The Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology covers a variety of subjects in the field of nuclear waste management, which includes radioactive waste treatment, radioactive waste disposal and environment, decommissioning and dismantling. This summary introduces activities presented in recent years.
Tanaka, Tadao; Sakamoto, Yoshifumi; Yamaguchi, Tetsuji; Takazawa, Mayumi; Akai, Masanobu; Negishi, Kumi; Iida, Yoshihisa; Nakayama, Shinichi
JAERI-Conf 2005-007, p.105 - 110, 2005/08
Highly alkaline environments induced by cementitious materials in radioactive waste repositories are likely to dissolve and to alter montmorillonite, the main constituent of bentonite buffer materials. For the prediction of the long-term variations in permeability of compacted sand-bentonite mixtures, long-term alteration of bentonite should be quantified based on information accumulated by using the compacted or powdered bentonite materials, with batch experiments or column experiments. In this study, we summarize distinctive information obtained from various experimental systems, and propose functional and effective integration of experimental approaches to prediction of bentonite alteration.
Akai, Masanobu; Ito, Nobuyuki*; Yamaguchi, Tetsuji; Tanaka, Tadao; Iida, Yoshihisa; Nakayama, Shinichi; Inagaki, Shingo*
JAERI-Tech 2004-058, 47 Pages, 2004/09
Geochemistry Research Equipment for TRU Waste Elements has been installed in Back-end Cycle Key Elements Research Facility (BECKY) of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety Engineering Research Facility (NUCEF). This equipment is designed to study geochemical behavior of TRU elements and other radionuclides contained in TRU waste (TRU waste elements) and to acquire data for safety assessments of radioactive wastes disposal. The equipment consists of anaerobic glove box systems, aerobic glove box systems equipped with built-in barrier performance testing apparatus, and analytical instruments. This report describes principles, structure, performance and safety designs of each component of the equipment, and results of research performed in the equipment.
7th NUCEF Seminar Working Group
JAERI-Conf 2004-011, 166 Pages, 2004/07
no abstracts in English
6th NUCEF Seminar Working Group
JAERI-Conf 2003-018, 132 Pages, 2003/10
no abstracts in English
Onuki, Toshihiko
Genshiryoku Bakkuendo Kenkyu, 9(1), p.35 - 42, 2002/09
Various microorganisms have been observed in deep geologic formation. The effects of such microorganisms on the performance of HLW disposal are still unknown. This paper reviews the studies of microbial effects on the long-term contaiment of HLW disposal, and discusses the future work to be carried out. Microbial reduction and oxidation and byproducts derived from microbial activities affect performance of HLW repository and have a potential to enhance actinides migration in geologic formation (degradation of the materials of repository, complex-formation, dissolution of actinides precipitates and occurrence of nm scale colloid formation). Potential microbial perturbation of performance of the barriers may enhance confinement of actinides by biomineralization, bioadsorption, bioaccumulation and precipitation. These studies indicate that further experiments are required to elucidate microbial effects on the performance of HLW disposal.
Taniguchi, Naoki; Kawakami, Susumu; *
JNC-TN8400 2001-025, 27 Pages, 2002/03
It is essential to understand the corrosion type of carbon steel under the repository conditions for the lifetime assessment of carbon steel overpack used for geological isolation of high-level radioactive waste. According to the previous study, carbon steel is hard to passivate in buffer material assuming a chemical condition range of groundwater in Japan. However, concrete support will be constructed around the overpack in the case of repository in the soft rock system and groundwater having a higher pH may infiltrate to buffer material. There is a possibility that the corrosion type of carbon steel will be influenced by the rise of the pH in groundwater. In this study, anodic polarization experiments were performed to understand the passivation condition of carbon steel in buffer material saturated with water contacted with concrete. An ordinary concrete and a low-alkalinity concrete were used in the experiment. The results of the experiments showed that the carbon steel can passivate under the condition that water having pH 13 infiltrate to the buffer material assuming present property of buffer material. If the low-alkalinity concrete is selected as the support material, passivation can not occur on carbon steel overpack. The effect of the factors of buffer material such as dry density and mixing ratio of sand on the passivation of carbon steel was also studied. The results of the study showed that the present property of buffer material is enough to prevent passivation of carbon steel.
Bamba, Tsunetaka
Genshiryoku Bakkuendo Kenkyu, 8(2), p.205 - 206, 2002/03
no abstracts in English
Sugita, Yutaka; Yui, Mikazu
JNC-TN8450 2001-007, 16 Pages, 2002/02
This report summary the dataset of the relationship between unconfined compressive strength and tensile strength of the rock mass described in supporting report 2; repository design and engineering technology of second progress report (H12 report) on research and development for the geological disposal of HLW in Japan.
*; Tanai, Kenji; *
JNC-TN8420 2001-007, 86 Pages, 2002/02
The objectives of this study is to identify the research issues, which are to be conducted in the future underground research laboratory, about operation and logistics systems for the planning of future research and development program. The research programs and experiments,etc. were investigated for the geological disposal projects in overseas sedimentary rocks and coastal geological environments aiming to reflect in the future underground research facility plan in Japan. In the investigation, information on the engineered-barrier performance, design and construction of underground facilities, tunnel support, transportation and emplacement, and backfilling technology, etc. were collected. Based on these informations, the purpose, the content, and the result of each investigations and tests were arranged. The strategy and the aim in the entire underground research facility, and the flow of investigations and tests, etc. were also arranged from the purpose, the relations and the sequence of each investigation and experiment, and the usage of results, etc.
*; Mihara, Morihiro;
JNC-TN8430 2001-007, 56 Pages, 2002/01
In the geological disposal concept of radioactive wastes, a kind of clay with sorption ability and low permeability, called bentonite, is envisaged as an engineered barrier system in the geological repository. Also, the cemetitious material is envisaged as the backfill material in the vaults and the structure material of the vaults. The groundwater in contact with the cementitious material will promote hyperalkaline conditions in the repository environment and these conditions will affect the performance of the bentonite. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the interaction between the cementitious material and the bentonite for the evaluation of long term stability of the disposal system. In this study, for the identification and the investigation of the secondary minerals, the batch immersion experiments of the powder bentonite were carried out using synthetic cement leachates (pH=7, 12.5, 14) at 200C. As the results, it was confirmed that Na as exchangeable cations in the bentonite can exchange relatively easily with Ca in the solution from the experiment results. And the ratio of cation exchange was estimated to be about 25% based on the amount of exchangeable cations Ca
between layers. Furthermore, it was concretely shown that the generation of analcime might be affected by the Na concentration from results of the solution analyses and a stability analysis of analcime using the chemical equilibrium model, in addition to the pH in the solution.
Kato, Hiroshige*; Mine, Tatsuya*; Mihara, Morihiro; Oi, Takao; Honda, Akira
JNC-TN8400 2001-029, 63 Pages, 2002/01
Cementitious materials will be used for the TRU waste repository as a component of engineered barrier system. The distribution coefficients which represent the retardation of radionuclides migration for the cementitious materials would be one of the important parameter for the safety assessment. The much information of radionuclide sorption onto the cementitious materials has been accumulated through the study in the world. Therefore it is necessary to compile the information and Kd of the radionuclides reported in previous studies. In this report, the Kd of the important radionuclides, such as C, Ni, Se, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Sn, I, Cs, Sm, Pb, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, for the cementitious materials were compiled as the Sorption Database (SDB). For radionuclides to be sensitive to the redox potential, e.g. Se, Tc, Pa, U, Pu and Np, some Kds measured under the controlled atmosphere had been reported, and few Kds measured under the controlled redox potential had been reported. For Se, Mo, Sm, Cm and Ac, the distribution coefficients had not been reported, therefore distribution coefficients of Se and Mo for OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) pastes were measured by batch sorption experiments and these data were added into the SDB.
Ito, Akira; Kawakami, Susumu; Yui, Mikazu
JNC-TN8400 2001-028, 38 Pages, 2002/01
In a repository for high-level radioactive waste, coupled thermo -hydro -mechanical and chemical (THMC) processes will ocurr, involving the interactive processes between radioactive decay heat from the vitrified waste, infiltration of groundwater, swelling pressure generation and chemical evolution of the buffer material and porewater chemistry. In this program, numerical experiment system for the coupled THMC processes will be developed in order to predict the long-term performance of the near-field (engineered barrier and host rock) for various geological environments. The simulation code development has been started in FY 2001 and three development steps are planned, because (1)development will be continued for some years, (2)feasibility of numerical experiment have to be confirmed by using existing tools. This report presents the following items of the simulation code development for the coupled THMC processes. (1)First step of the simulation code development (2)Mass transport passways in compacted bentonite (3)Parallelization of the simulation code
; ; Shigetome, Yoshiaki
JNC-TN8200 2001-006, 19 Pages, 2001/12
None