フェルミウム原子核で起きるユニークな核分裂; 動力学模型の視点から

有友 嘉浩*; 宮本 裕也*; 西尾 勝久

日本物理学会誌, 75(10), p.631 - 636, 2020/10

フェルミウム元素(Fm, 原子番号100)の核分裂において、1980年代の実験で興味深い結果が報告された。FmからFmへと原子核の質量数が1つ変化しただけで、ウランで見られるような質量非対称核分裂から、シャープな質量対称核分裂へと変化した。この変化の原因を説明するため多くの理論モデルが提案されてきたが、実験データを定量的に説明できる模型はなかった。本研究では、ランジュバンモデルを用いた動力学計算を行うことにより、この変化の原因を説明することができた。このモデルの構築のため、原子力科学研究所タンデム加速器で測定した核分裂データを使用した。核分裂の発見と理論の歴史を概説しつつ、Fmで起こる現象について分かりやすく解説した。

電着法を用いたマイナーアクチノイド線源の製作

中村 聡志; 木村 崇弘; 伴 康俊; 津幡 靖宏; 松村 達郎

JAEA-Technology 2020-009, 22 Pages, 2020/08

JAEA-Technology-2020-009.pdf:2.92MB

分離変換技術開発ディビジョンでは、マイナーアクチノイド(MA)核データの検証に資する核分裂反応率について、核分裂計数管を用いた測定を検討している。そのため、核分裂計数管用のMA線源の作製, 定量及び不確かさの評価を行った。電着法を採用して、Np, Am, Am及びCmの4核種について電着量が異なるMA線源を7種類作製した。さらに、同位体希釈法を用いて放射能を定量したCm線源元液からCm作業標準線源を作製し、これを用いて算出した計数効率を適用して各MA線源の放射能を定量した。その結果、作製したMA線源の放射能として、Np線源は1461Bq, 2179Bq及び2938Bq、Am線源は1.428MBq、Am線源は370.5kBq及び89.57kBq並びにCm線源は2.327MBqを得ると共に、不確かさを0.35%(1)と評価した。本報告書では、MA線源の作製及び定量方法並びに不確かさ評価の過程についてまとめる。

-delayed fission of isomers in Bi

Andel, B.*; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.*; Al Monthery, M.*; Barzakh, A.*; Bissell, M. L.*; Chrysalidis, K.*; 他29名*

Physical Review C, 102(1), p.014319_1 - 014319_12, 2020/07

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.014319

-delayed fission (DF) decay of a low-spin (ls) and a high-spin (hs) isomer in Bi was studied at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. Their DF partial half-lives were determined: , DF(Bi)= 5.6(8) 10 s and , DF(Bi)=1.7(6) 10 s. This work is the first DF study of two states in one isotope and allows the spin dependence of low-energy fission to be explored. The fission fragment mass distribution of a daughter nuclide Pb, following the decay of the high-spin isomer, was deduced and indicates a mixture of symmetric and asymmetric fission modes.

Validation of the multinucleon transfer method for the determination of the fission barrier height

Kean, K. R.; 西尾 勝久; 廣瀬 健太郎; Vermeulen, M. J.; 牧井 宏之; Orlandi, R.; 塚田 和明; Andreyev, A. N.; Tsekhanovich, I.*; 千葉 敏*

Physical Review C, 100(1), p.014611_1 - 014611_6, 2019/07

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.014611

The validity of the multinucleon transfer (MNT) approach for deduction of fission barrier heights was investigated in an experiment carried out at the JAEA tandem accelerator facility. By using the O+Np reaction, fission barrier heights were inferred from fission probabilities of the nuclei Np and Pu produced in the and transfer channels, respectively. The deduced values of fission barriers agree well with the literature data, thus demonstrating the potential of the MNT reactions for obtaining fission-barrier data for nuclei not accessible for fission studies via neutron- or light charged particle-induced reactions.

処分と資源化; より安全な処分と安心できるリサイクル

西原 健司

ImPACT藤田プログラム公開成果報告会「核変換による高レベル放射性廃棄物の大幅な低減・資源化」 成果報告書・資料集, p.28 - 31, 2019/03

本プロジェクトでは従来の高レベル放射性廃棄物に含まれていた長寿命の核分裂生成物(LLFP)を分離し短寿命化するとともに、資源化可能な元素を分離する。LLFPの短寿命化によって、地層処分に代わり、数十mの浅い地中に安全要求を満たして処分できる可能性があることが示された。また、資源化可能な元素を安心して再利用できるように、考え得る被ばく経路に対して評価を行い、安全な放射能濃度を推定した。

Observation of the competing fission modes in Pt

Tsekhanovich, I.*; Andreyev, A. N.; 西尾 勝久; Denis-Petit, D.*; 廣瀬 健太郎; 牧井 宏之; Matheson, Z.*; 森本 幸司*; 森田 浩介*; Nazarewicz, W.*; et al.

Physics Letters B, 790, p.583 - 588, 2019/03

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.02.006

Fragment mass distributions from fission of the excited compound nucleus Pt have been deduced from the measured fragment velocities. The Pt nucleus was created at the JAEA tandem facility in a complete fusion reaction Ar+Nd, at beam energies of 155, 170 and 180 MeV. The data are indicative of a mixture of the mass-asymmetric and mass-symmetric fission modes associated with higher and lower total kinetic energies of the fragments, respectively. The measured fragment yields are dominated by asymmetric mass splits, with the symmetric mode contributing at the level of 1/3. This constitutes the first observation of a multimodal fission in the sub-lead region. Most probable experimental fragment-mass split of the asymmetric mode, / 79/99, is well reproduced by nuclear density functional theory using the UNEDF1-HFB and D1S potentials. The symmetric mode is associated by theory with very elongated fission fragments, which is consistent with the observed total kinetic energy/fragment mass correlation.

A New detector system for the measurement of high-energy prompt -rays for low-energy neutron induced fission

牧井 宏之; 西尾 勝久; 廣瀬 健太郎; Orlandi, R.; Lguillon, R.*; 小川 達彦; Soldner, T.*; Hambsch, F.-J.*; Ache, M.*; Astier, A.*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 906, p.88 - 96, 2018/10

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.055

中性子誘起核分裂における即発高エネルギー線を観測するための新しい測定システムの開発を行った。測定システムは核分裂片を観測するための多芯線比例計数管と線測定用のLaBr(Ce)シンチレータから構成される。開発したシステムを仏国ラウエ・ランジュバン研究所にある高中性子束炉のPF1Bコースに設置して、U中性子誘起核分裂における即発線を行った。測定ではエネルギー最大20MeVまでの線スペクトルの観測に成功し、U中性子誘起核分裂において非常に高いエネルギーの線が放出されていることを確認した。

First accurate normalization of the -delayed decay of N and implications for the C(,)O astrophysical reaction rate

Kirsebom, O. S.*; Tengblad, O.*; Andreyev, A. N.; 他41名*

Physical Review Letters, 121(14), p.142701_1 - 142701_6, 2018/10

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.142701

The C(,)O reaction plays a central role in astrophysics, but its cross section at energies relevant for astrophysical applications is only poorly constrained by laboratory data. The reduced width, , of the bound 1 level in O is particularly important to determine the cross section. The magnitude of is determined via sub-Coulomb -transfer reactions or the -delayed decay of N, but the latter approach is presently hampered by the lack of sufficiently precise data on the -decay branching ratios. Here we report improved branching ratios for the bound 1 level () and for -delayed emission (). Our value for is 33 larger than previously held, leading to a substantial increase in . Our revised value for is in good agreement with the value obtained in -transfer studies and the weighted average of the two gives a robust and precise determination of , which provides significantly improved constraints on the C(,)O cross section in the energy range relevant to hydro static He burning.

Nuclear fission; A Review of experimental advances and phenomenology

Andreyev, A.; 西尾 勝久; Schmidt, K.-H.*

Reports on Progress in Physics, 81(1), p.016301_1 - 016301_61, 2018/01

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa82eb

In the last two decades, through technological, experimental and theoretical advances, the situation in experimental fission studies has changed dramatically. With the use of advanced production and detection techniques both much more detailed and precise information can now be obtained for the traditional regions of fission research and, crucially, new regions of nuclei have become routinely accessible for fission studies. This work first of all reviews the recent developments in experimental fission techniques, in particular the resurgence of transfer-induced fission reactions with light and heavy ions, the emerging use of inverse-kinematic approaches, both at Coulomb and relativistic energies, and of fission studies with radioactive beams. The emphasis on the fission-fragment mass and charge distributions will be made in this work, though some of the other fission observables, such as prompt neutron and -ray emission will also be reviewed. The review will conclude with the discussion of the new experimental fission facilities which are presently being brought into operation, along with promising "next-generation" fission approaches, which might become available within the next decade.

Four-dimensional Langevin approach to low-energy nuclear fission of U

石塚 知香子*; Usang, M. D.*; Ivanyuk, F. A.*; Maruhn, J. A.*; 西尾 勝久; 千葉 敏

Physical Review C, 96(6), p.064616_1 - 064616_9, 2017/12

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.064616

We developed a four-dimensional (4D) Langevin model, which can treat the deformation of each fragment independently and applied it to low-energy fission of U, the compound system of the reaction n + U. The potential energy is calculated with the deformed two-center Woods-Saxon (TCWS) and the Nilsson-type potential with the microscopic energy corrections following the Strutinsky method and BCS pairing. The transport coefficients are calculated by macroscopic prescriptions. It turned out that the deformation for the light and heavy fragments behaves differently, showing a sawtooth structure similar to that of the neutron multiplicities of the individual fragments (A). Furthermore, the measured total kinetic energy TKE(A) and its standard deviation are reproduced fairly well by the 4D Langevin model based on the TCWS potential in addition to the fission fragment mass distributions. The developed model allows a multi-parametric correlation analysis among, e.g., the three key fission observables, mass, TKE, and neutron multiplicity, which should be essential to elucidate several longstanding open problems in fission such as the sharing of the excitation energy between the fragments.