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Desai, A. R.*; Wohlfahrt, G.*; Zeeman, M.*; Katata, Genki; Mauder, M.*; Schmid, H. P.*
no journal, ,
The impact of climate change on regional ecosystem has two important aspects: (1) ecosystems don't respond directly to climate, but indirectly via frequency and occurrence of weather systems, (2) many responses of ecosystems to these weather patterns and extremes are lagged in time. Here, we examine these aspects for northern Alpine grasslands. Long-term flux and phenology observations in Austria and Germany and biophysical models reveal a strong influence of winter air temperature, snowfall, and snowmelt frequency on winter grass mortality and spring grassland carbon uptake. Further, the mode of climate variability that drives winter air temperature and snow depth patterns is primarily the frequency of strong regional southerly Foehn flow. Finally, we demonstrate that much of the interannual variance in Foehn frequency and southerly flow is driven by statistics and climatic trends of 500 hPa pressure patterns in Greenland, part of the Arctic Oscillation.
Ohtaki, Akira; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Koito, Yuko; Sato, Yoshiki*
no journal, ,
Plutonium balance of quality and quantity and an increase of MOX spent fuel are important factor for the future fuel cycle. In order to substantiate these countermeasures, we examined the solution by the fast reactor cycle and evaluated the effectiveness of introducing the fast reactor cycle from the viewpoint of nuclear fuel cycle material balance analysis. In this report, we report the possibility of multiple recycling of light water reactors, the effect of reducing the MOX fuel storage amount when using light water reactors and fast reactors in combination, and the effective use of geological disposal facilities.