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Journal Articles

Accelerator mass spectrometry of $$^{90}$$Sr in environmental samples utilizing laser photo-detachment

Honda, Maki; Martschini, M.*; Marchhart, O.*; Steier, P.*; Golser, R.*; Sakaguchi, Aya*

Hoshasen (Internet), 48(4), p.130 - 136, 2024/02

Strontium-90 ($$^{90}$$Sr, 28.9 years) is a key fission product nuclide in internal dose assessment because it accumulates in bones and teeth in the body, causing health problems. Therefore, it is essential to know the distribution of $$^{90}$$Sr in the environment and its temporal variation ($$^{90}$$Sr enrichment in biota), which requires efficient analysis of many environmental samples. An analysis of environmental samples with known $$^{90}$$Sr concentrations conducted with the 3 MV AMS facility (VERA: Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator) at the University of Vienna, Austria, towards the practical application of $$^{90}$$Sr AMS, the results of which are detailed in this paper. In this study, the validity of the AMS method was demonstrated by analyzing environmental samples with known $$^{90}$$Sr concentrations (IAEA-447, IAEA-A-12, and IAEA-TEL-2015-03 sample 5: 1 dry-g each). The chemical separation developed in this study takes approximately two days and is a more straightforward procedure than conventional $$beta$$-ray detection methods. The $$^{90}$$Sr measurements were conducted on the AMS system combined with the Ion Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry (ILIAMS) system. The AMS method achieved a limit of detection $$<$$0.1 mBq ($$<$$ 1.3$$times$$10$$^{5}$$ atoms) for $$^{90}$$Sr, which is 1/30th of typical $$beta$$-ray detection. As a result of the lower detection limit, the AMS method allows $$^{90}$$Sr quantification with smaller sample volumes. For example, a Japanese freshwater sample with a $$^{90}$$Sr concentration of 4 mBq/L requires a sample volume of 5 liter

Journal Articles

Status report of JAEA-AMS-TONO; Research and technical development in the last four years

Kokubu, Yoko; Fujita, Natsuko; Watanabe, Takahiro; Matsubara, Akihiro; Ishizaka, Chika; Miyake, Masayasu*; Nishio, Tomohiro*; Kato, Motohisa*; Ogawa, Yumi*; Ishii, Masahiro*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 539, p.68 - 72, 2023/06

 Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.00(Instruments & Instrumentation)

The JAEA-AMS-TONO facility at the Tono Geoscience Center, JAEA has an accelerator mass spectrometer (JAEA-AMS-TONO-5MV). The spectrometer enabled us to use a multi-nuclide AMS of carbon-14 ($$^{14}$$C), beryllium-10, aluminium-26 and iodine-129, and we have recently been proceeding test measurement of chlorine-36. In response to an increase of samples, we installed a state-of-the-art multi-nuclide AMS with a 300 kV Tandetron accelerator in 2020. Recently, we are driving the development of techniques of isobar separation in AMS and of sample preparation. Ion channeling is applied to remove isobaric interference and we are building a prototype AMS based on this technique for downsizing of AMS. The small sample graphitization for $$^{14}$$C has been attempted using an automated graphitization equipment equipped with an elemental analyzer.

Journal Articles

Current status of new research reactor at the Monju Site

Mineo, Hideaki

Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO$$Sigma$$, 64(11), p.617 - 621, 2022/11

In December 2016 Decisions were made by the Government on the Fast Breeder Prototype Reactor "Monju", which were decommissioning of the reactor and installation of a new research reactor at the Monju site. After the decisions, MEXT started research to list reactor candidates suitable for the site. Among the candidates, medium power reactor type of which thermal output less than 10,000 kW was chosen to utilize neutron beams. Then, from 2020, MEXT launched an entrusted business and adopted JAEA, Kyoto University and University of Fukui as the core institutions of the business to carry out the conceptual design. This paper describes the system to proceed the conceptual design and to examine the utilization management of the new research reactor and also shows their status.

JAEA Reports

Data comparison of measurement of carbon isotope standards between JAEA-AMS-TONO and JAEA-AMS-MUTSU

Kokubu, Yoko; Matsubara, Akihiro; Fujita, Natsuko; Kuwabara, Jun; Kinoshita, Naoki

JAEA-Technology 2021-028, 33 Pages, 2022/02

JAEA-Technology-2021-028.pdf:2.18MB

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has two facilities of accelerator mass spectrometry, JAEA-AMS-TONO and JAEA-AMS-MUTSU at Tono Geoscience Center and Aomori Research and Development Center, respectively. In this report, characteristics of each facility and results of standard samples in the inner-comparison test of carbon isotope measurement will be described. Both facilities have been used for research by not only JAEA's staff but also researchers who belong to universities and other institutes on the shared use program of JAEA facilities. Recently, researchers trend to use both facilities with the expansion of demand for the carbon isotope measurement by using the accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS). However, each facility has a spectrometer made by a different manufacturer and equipped with different mechanical components. There is a difference in each ability to the carbon isotope measurement such as background level. This is, for example, due to different ion injection system adapted at each spectrometer. Further, each facility uses a different analytical method adjusted to each main research field. When a researcher uses both facilities, the researcher understands more about the characteristics and need to make a suitable choice of a facility for samples and the analytical method. The report presents a detailed information of characteristics of the spectrometer, sample preparation method and analytical method, and of ability of the measurement based on the inner-comparison test.

Journal Articles

An Approach toward evaluation of long-term fission product distributions in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the severe accident

Uchida, Shunsuke; Karasawa, Hidetoshi; Kino, Chiaki*; Pellegrini, M.*; Naito, Masanori*; Osaka, Masahiko

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 380, p.111256_1 - 111256_19, 2021/08

 Times Cited Count:6 Percentile:63.12(Nuclear Science & Technology)

It is essential to grasp the long-term distributions of FP as well as fuel debris all over the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F) for safe completion of its decommissioning projects. The fuel debris is going to be removed from the plant under the severe conditions of FP being scattered during major decommissioning work, and then, the decommissioning projects are going to be terminated by storing safely the removed debris as recovered fertile materials or as materials for final radioactive disposal. In order to determine the FP distribution in the plant for the long period from the accident occurrence to the termination of the plant decommissioning, procedures for analyzing multi-term FP behaviors were proposed. The proposed procedures should be improved by applying the FP data measured in the plant and validated based on the feedback data. Then, the accuracy-improved procedures should be applied to estimate FP distribution during each period of the decommissioning projects.

Journal Articles

Conversion factors bridging radioactive fission product distributions in the primary containment vessel of Fukushima Daiichi NPP and dose rates measured by the containment atmosphere monitoring system

Uchida, Shunsuke; Pellegrini, M.*; Naito, Masanori*

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 380, p.111303_1 - 111303_11, 2021/08

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:12.48(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Multi-term FP analysis procedures were developed to determine FP distribution all over F1 not only for analyzing accident propagation but also for planning its decommissioning projects. They should be validated based on the measured FP data. One of the useful tools for their validation was application of the dose rate data monitored by the containment atmosphere monitoring system (CAMS). However, in order to compare the data with different characteristics and dimensional units, e.g., FP distribution (kg, Bq) and dose rate (Sv/h), application of the conversion factors bridging them would be effective and useful. In order to prepare speedy, easy-to-handle and tractable procedures to calculate radiation dose rates at the CAMS detector locations, dose rate conversion factors were determined for major source locations and major radionuclides. The dose rates could be easily calculated by multiplying FP amounts obtained with the multiterm FP analysis procedures by the conversion factors.

Journal Articles

$$^{60}$$Fe and $$^{244}$$Pu deposited on Earth constrain the r-process yields of recent nearby supernovae

Wallner, A.*; Froehlich, M. B.*; Hotchkis, M. A. C.*; Kinoshita, N.*; Paul, M.*; Martschini, M.*; Pavetich, S.*; Tims, S. G.*; Kivel, N.*; Schumann, D.*; et al.

Science, 372(6543), p.742 - 745, 2021/05

 Times Cited Count:54 Percentile:97.17(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Half of the chemical elements heavier than iron are produced by the rapid neutron capture process (r-process). The sites and yields of this process are disputed, with candidates including some types of supernovae (SNe) and mergers of neutron stars. We search for two isotopic signatures in a sample of Pacific Ocean crust-iron-60 ($$^{60}$$Fe) (half-life, 2.6 million years), which is predominantly produced in massive stars and ejected in supernova explosions, and $$^{244}$$Pu (half-life, 80.6 million years), which is produced solely in r-process events. We detect two distinct influxes of $$^{60}$$Fe to Earth in the last 10 million years and accompanying lower quantities of $$^{244}$$Pu. The $$^{244}$$Pu/$$^{60}$$Fe influx ratios are similar for both events. The $$^{244}$$Pu influx is lower than expected if SNe dominate r-process nucleosynthesis, which implies some contribution from other sources.

JAEA Reports

JAEA-TDB-RN in 2020; Update of JAEA's thermodynamic database for solubility and speciation of radionuclides for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level and TRU wastes

Kitamura, Akira

JAEA-Data/Code 2020-020, 164 Pages, 2021/03

JAEA-Data-Code-2020-020.pdf:3.11MB
JAEA-Data-Code-2020-020-appendix(DVD-ROM).zip:0.56MB

Part of JAEA's Thermodynamic Database (JAEA-TDB) for solubility and speciation of radionuclides (JAEA-TDB-RN) for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level radioactive and TRU wastes has been updated with subsuming the database for geochemical calculations (JAEA-TDB-GC). This report has focused to update JAEA-TDB-RN after selecting change in standard Gibbs free energy of formation ($$Delta_{rm r}$$$$G^{circ}_{rm m}$$), change in standard enthalpy change of formation ($$Delta$$$$H$$$$^{circ}$$$$_{rm m}$$), standard molar entropy ($$S^{circ}$$$$_{rm m}$$) and, heat capacity ($$C^{circ}_{rm p}$$), change in standard Gibbs free energy of reaction ($$Delta_{rm r}G^{circ}$$$$_{rm m}$$), change in standard enthalpy change of reaction ($$Delta$$$$_{rm r}$$$$H$$$$^{circ}$$$$_{rm m}$$) and standard entropy change of reaction ($$Delta_{rm r}S^{circ}_{rm m}$$) as well as logarithm of equilibrium constant (log$$_{10}$$$$K^{circ}$$) at standard state. The extent of selection of these thermodynamic data enables to evaluate solubility and speciation of radionuclides at temperatures other than 298.15 K. Furthermore, the latest thermodynamic data for iron which have been critically reviewed, selected and compiled by the Nuclear Energy Agency within Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD/NEA) have been accepted. Most of previously selected log$$_{10}$$$$K^{circ}$$ have been refined to confirm internal consistency with JAEA-TDB-GC. Text files of the updated JAEA-TDB have been provided for geochemical calculation programs of PHREEQC and Geochemist's Workbench.

Journal Articles

Dating of buried wood logs and fragments for high resolution reconstruction of landslide histories; Case studies in the Japanese Alps region in the historical times

Yamada, Ryuji*; Kimura, Takashi*; Kariya, Yoshihiko*; Sano, Masaki*; Tsushima, Akane*; Li, Z.*; Nakatsuka, Takeshi*; Kokubu, Yoko; Inoue, Kimio*

Sabo Gakkai-Shi, 73(5), p.3 - 14, 2021/01

We discuss the applicability of dating methods for determining landslide chronologies in relation to the type of samples and the sampling location. Case studies are carried out with fossil wood samples buried in the colluvial soil of large-scale landslides occurred in two areas of the Japanese Alps region. Ages are determined by accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating and dendrochronological analysis using the oxygen isotope composition of tree ring cellulose. Most of ages for Dondokosawa rock avalanche are concordant with the period of AD 887 Ninna (Goki-Shichido) earthquake. Ages for Ohtsukigawa debris avalanche are not concentrated in a specific period. In order to obtain accurate age of large-scale landslide, utilizing buried large diameter tree trunk or branches with the good preservation condition has a lot of advantages because it allows us to compare the landslide chronology with historical records of heavy rainfall and large earthquakes.

Journal Articles

Synchronized gravitational slope deformation and active faulting; A Case study on and around the Neodani fault, central Japan

Komura, Keitaro*; Kaneda, Heitaro*; Tanaka, Tomoki*; Kojima, Satoru*; Inoue, Tsutomu*; Nishio, Tomohiro

Geomorphology, 365, p.107214_1 - 107214_22, 2020/09

 Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:22.95(Geography, Physical)

On the basis of pit excavations and sediment cores at an off-fault deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DGSD) site and a trench excavation across the active Neodani fault at a nearby site, we examined the records of DGSD and surface-rupturing paleoearthquakes of the Neodani fault. We found the four most recent DGSD events and the four most recent surface-rupturing earthquakes, respectively and conclude that the ages of events are overlapped each other. We infer that static crustal strain from repeated seismogenic faulting plays an important role in the occurrence of DGSD events, at least in the immediate vicinity of active faults, although coseismic severe shaking would have at least some effect on them. Our case study suggests that off-fault DGSDs can be used to reconstruct or refine the paleoseismic history of a nearby active fault.

Journal Articles

Radiocarbon dating of a shrine pavilion and offerings at Abushina shrine in Gifu prefecture, Japan

Kokubu, Yoko; Nishio, Tomohiro; Fujita, Natsuko; Matsubara, Akihiro

Proceedings of the 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Symposium and the 22nd Japan Accelerator Mass Spectrometry symposium (EA-AMS 8 & JAMS-22), p.91 - 93, 2020/00

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

A Study of surface stripper for the AMS system with a footprint below 2 m $$times$$ 2 m

Matsubara, Akihiro; Fujita, Natsuko; Kimura, Kenji

Proceedings of the 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Symposium and the 22nd Japan Accelerator Mass Spectrometry symposium (EA-AMS 8 & JAMS-22), p.57 - 59, 2020/00

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

Lahar record during the last 2500 years, Chokai Volcano, northeast Japan; Flow behavior, sourced volcanic activity, and hazard implications

Minami, Yusuke*; Oba, Tsukasa*; Hayashi, Shintaro*; Kokubu, Yoko; Kataoka, Kyoko S.*

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 387, p.106661_1 - 106661_17, 2019/12

 Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:36.03(Geosciences, Multidisciplinary)

The study focuses on volcanic-fan deposits at Chokai Volcano in northeast Japan. The authors conducted sedimentary facies analysis, radiocarbon dating, and historical document analysis to understand the flow characteristics and history of far-reaching lahars. The volcanic fan is composed mainly of a series of lahar deposits formed by at least five large lahar events at: the 2nd - 5th century BC; 2nd to 4th century BC; AD 5th to 7th century; AD 871; and AD 1801 during last 2500 years. These lahar events can be classified into three types: (1) a cohesive debris flow sourced by the debris avalanche deposit; (2) a non-cohesive lahar by a magmatic eruption; and (3) a cohesive debris flow by a phreatic eruption. The lahar, incorporating debris avalanche deposit, flowed as hazardous cohesive debris flow; lahars after magmatic eruptions tends to be streamflow through the flow transformation of sandy debris flow; and a cohesive lahar by a phreatic eruption tends to be of small scale.

Journal Articles

A Suitable procedure for preparing of water samples used in radiocarbon intercomparison

Takahashi, Hiroshi*; Minami, Masayo*; Aramaki, Takafumi*; Handa, Hiroko*; Kokubu, Yoko; Ito, Shigeru*; Kumamoto, Yuichiro*

Radiocarbon, 61(6), p.1879 - 1887, 2019/12

 Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:10.32(Geochemistry & Geophysics)

Water sample for interlaboratory comparison (here after "comparison water") must have inalterable $$^{14}$$C concentration during the comparison campaign and inter-batches homogeneity. In this study, the procedure for preparing of comparison water was discussed. We employed that comparison waters were artificially made by mixing chemical reagents, controlling $$^{14}$$C concentration and chemical composition. We could prepare six comparison waters, having 1, 14, 37, 56, 72 and 100 pMC, respectively. The stable carbon isotopic values and chemical compositions of some batches were measured to exanimate the inter- batches homogeneity. The $$^{14}$$C discrepancies among the batches were negligible for the inter-laboratory comparison. Finally, the results of trial comparison in Japan will be presented. Most of $$^{14}$$C results of CO$$_{2}$$ extracted by six laboratories showed good agreements each other.

JAEA Reports

Sample preparation method for measurement of in-situ belliyum-10 and allumium-26 in terrestrial quartz using accelerator mass spectrometry at Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Kokubu, Yoko; Matsushi, Yuki*; Ishizaka, Chika*; Hirao, Noriaki*; Yonaga, Yusuke; Yoshikawa, Kiyotaka*

JAEA-Testing 2019-002, 101 Pages, 2019/11

JAEA-Testing-2019-002.pdf:4.69MB

This report provides a description of sample preparation method for measurement of in-situ belliyum-10 ($$^{10}$$Be) and allumium-26 ($$^{26}$$Al) in terrestrial quartz using accelerator mass spectrometry at Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The report is based on the laboratory manual "Chemistry for in-situ $$^{10}$$Be and $$^{26}$$Al measurement for terrestrial quartz by AMS at MALT ver.1.3 and ver.2.2" prepared by ph.D Matsushi at Kyoto University.

Journal Articles

Current status of JAEA-AMS-TONO in the 20th year

Kokubu, Yoko; Fujita, Natsuko; Miyake, Masayasu; Watanabe, Takahiro; Ishizaka, Chika; Okabe, Nobuaki; Ishimaru, Tsuneari; Matsubara, Akihiro*; Nishizawa, Akimitsu*; Nishio, Tomohiro*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 456, p.271 - 275, 2019/10

 Times Cited Count:5 Percentile:44.57(Instruments & Instrumentation)

JAEA-AMS-TONO has been in operation at the Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency since 1998 and 20 years have passed from the beginning of its utilization. The AMS system is a versatile system based on a 5 MV tandem Pelletron type accelerator. The system has been used to measure carbon-14 ($$^{14}$$C), beryllium-10 ($$^{10}$$Be) and aluminium-26 ($$^{26}$$Al). In addition, the development of measurement of iodine-129 ($$^{129}$$I) has been started. The main use is measurement of $$^{14}$$C in geological samples for dating studies in neotectonics and hydrogeology. In order to increase the speed of sample preparation, we introduced the automated graphitization equipment and made a gas-strip line to collect dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater samples. Measurement of $$^{10}$$Be and $$^{26}$$Al has been used for geoscience studies and the detection limit in the measurement of $$^{10}$$Be was improved by $$^{7}$$Be-counting suppression. Recently tuning of measurement condition of $$^{129}$$I has been progressed.

Journal Articles

Preliminary test of the EA-AGE3 system for $$^{14}$$C measurement of CaCO$$_{3}$$ samples and coral-based estimation of marine reservoir correction in the Ogasawara Islands, Northwestern Subtropical Pacific

Kokubu, Yoko; Mitsuguchi, Takehiro*; Watanabe, Takahiro; Yamada, Tsutomu*; Asami, Ryuji*; Iryu, Yasufumi*

Radiocarbon, 61(5), p.1593 - 1601, 2019/10

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:5.23(Geochemistry & Geophysics)

We performed $$^{14}$$C measurements of two fossil and one modern corals using a combined system of an elemental analyzer and an automated graphitization equipment AGE3 (EA-AGE3 system) and JAEA-AMS-TONO. The $$^{14}$$C concentrations (pMC values) of mid-Holocene Okinawa corals obtained by our EA-AGE3 system appear to be slightly higher than those obtained by the conventional graphitization method using phosphoric acid. The pMC increase in our EA-AGE3 system may result in significant underestimation of $$^{14}$$C age especially for older samples (e.g., 10,000 BP); however, the pMC increase is negligible in $$^{14}$$C measurements of modern or recent samples. We applied the EA-AGE3 method to the pre- and post-bomb annual-band samples from the modern Ogasawara coral for $$^{14}$$C measurements. On the basis of the pre-bomb coral $$^{14}$$C data, we estimated marine reservoir correction ($$Delta$$R) around Ogasawara Islands and its stability between $$sim$$1900 and 1950 AD.

Journal Articles

$$^{14}$$C ages and calendar years of Japanese nails measured with accelerator mass spectrometry

Nagata, Kazahiro*; Furunushi, Yasuko*; Matsubara, Akihiro*; Kokubu, Yoko; Nakamura, Toshio*

Tetsu To Hagane, 105(4), p.488 - 491, 2019/04

 Times Cited Count:1 Percentile:5.50(Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering)

The Japanese nails had been produced by the traditional ironmaking way of Tatara until the Edo period since the late of 6 Century. The quality of the Japanese nails is affected from steel produced by Tatara in each age. The $$^{14}$$C ages of 3 Japanese nails collected at shrines and temples at their repair were measured with accelerator mass spectrometry and calibrated to calendar years. Each $$^{14}$$C age provided plural calendar year periods with definite probabilities, and one of the periods determined in comparison with the history of temples and their repair records. The production ages of nails used in the Daibutuden of the Todaiji temple, the living quarters of the Manjuin temple and the Zaoudo of the Yoshino-Kongoji temple are before 1692, the 12 Century and before 1592, respectively, when they were repaired or reconstructed.

Journal Articles

Grain size dependence of meteoric $$^{10}$$Be concentrations in bed-sediments of Ado and Yasu rivers flowing into Lake Biwa

Fujisawa, Jumpei*; Minami, Masayo*; Kokubu, Yoko; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki*

JAEA-Conf 2018-002, p.91 - 94, 2019/02

Beryllium-10 ($$^{10}$$Be) of a cosmogenic nuclide precipitates in forms of BeO and Be(OH)$$_{2}$$ attaching with aerosol on the Earth surface. It is accumulated on the sea- and lake-bottoms. Recently, the meteoric $$^{10}$$Be is attracting attention as a powerful tool for investigating the past climate change, because it is affected by the earth- and lorcal- cyclical changes of materials such as atmosphere and water circulation. The $$^{10}$$Be exists mostly as hydroxide at pH $$>$$5, and is easy to adhere to soil and mineral surface. Therefore, $$^{10}$$Be concentration in sediment could be influenced by its grain size composition because fine-grained sediment has a big surface area per unit mass. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between $$^{10}$$Be concentrations and the grain-size of river sediments. The samples used were bottom-sediments of 18 rivers flowing into Lake Biwa, Japan. The sediments were sieved to 5 fractions and analyzed each for $$^{10}$$Be concentration by JAEA-AMS-TONO.

Journal Articles

The Twenty years of JAEA-AMS-TONO

Kokubu, Yoko; Fujita, Natsuko; Matsubara, Akihiro*; Nishizawa, Akimitsu*; Nishio, Tomohiro; Miyake, Masayasu; Ishimaru, Tsuneari; Watanabe, Takahiro; Ogata, Nobuhisa; Shimada, Akiomi; et al.

JAEA-Conf 2018-002, p.5 - 8, 2019/02

no abstracts in English

127 (Records 1-20 displayed on this page)