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Yamano, Hidemasa; Morita, Koji*
Proceedings of 13th Korea-Japan Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS13) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2024/11
Yamano, Hidemasa; Emura, Yuki; Takai, Toshihide; Kubo, Shigenobu; Quaini, A.*; Fossati, P.*; Delacroix, J.*; Journeau, C.*
Proceedings of International Conference on Nuclear Fuel Cycle (GLOBAL2024) (Internet), 4 Pages, 2024/10
This report mainly introduces trends in fast reactor development in Japan in addition to introducing overseas development trends for major developing countries. The paper describes major severe accident study results focusing on kinetics of interaction in core material mixtures, physical properties of core material mixtures, high temperature thermodynamic data for the uranium oxide (UO)-iron (Fe)-boron carbide (B
C) system, experimental studies on B
C-stainless steel (SS) kinetics and B
C-SS eutectic material relocation (freezing), and B
C-SS eutectic and kinetics models for severe accident code systems,
Morita, Koji*; Yamano, Hidemasa
Proceedings of 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation, and Safety (NTHOS-14) (Internet), 12 Pages, 2024/08
This paper describes the generalized model developed for these eutectic reactions between boron carbide (BC) and stainless steel (SS) as well as for the reactions that occur between eutectic reaction products in the solid and liquid states and SS or B
C. We also describe the thermophysical property model based on thermophysical property data.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Takai, Toshihide; Emura, Yuki; Fukuyama, Hiroyuki*; Higashi, Hideo*; Nishi, Tsuyoshi*; Morita, Koji*; Nakamura, Kinya*; Ahmed, Z.*; Pellegrini, M.*
Proceedings of 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation, and Safety (NTHOS-14) (Internet), 12 Pages, 2024/08
This paper describes the project overview and progress of experimental and analytical studies conducted until 2022. A specific result in this paper is to obtain first experimental data of BC-SS eutectic freezing.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Futagami, Satoshi; Higurashi, Koichi*
Proceedings of 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation, and Safety (NTHOS-14) (Internet), 12 Pages, 2024/08
This paper describes the application of safety design criteria (SDC) and safety design guidelines (SDG) developed in the Generation-IV International Forum on the natural circulation of sodium to sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) recently designed in Japan.
Ahmed, Z.*; Wu, S.*; Pellegrini, M.*; Okamoto, Koji*; Sharma, A.*; Yamano, Hidemasa
Proceedings of 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation, and Safety (NTHOS-14) (Internet), 14 Pages, 2024/08
The analysis show that once eutectic reaction occurs, the boron diffuses into the stainless steel (SS) wall. Melting initiates at the BC and SS interface, with melt flow following SS cladding penetration. Also, we observed that as temperature rises, a proportional increase in the boron concentration within the melt. The updated MPS method indicated a computational capability of the eutectic reaction model used to effectively analyze control rod eutectic reactions, simulating severe accidents, and its subsequent relocation to understand the effect of B
C ingress into the core.
Hong, Z.*; Ahmed, Z.*; Pellegrini, M.*; Yamano, Hidemasa; Erkan, N.*; Sharma, A. K.*; Okamoto, Koji*
Progress in Nuclear Energy, 171, p.105160_1 - 105160_13, 2024/06
Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:95.99(Nuclear Science & Technology)In this study, it is found that the eutectic reaction between BC powder and stainless steel (SS) is considerably more rapid than that between the B
C pellet and SS. The derived reaction rate constant values for powder and pellet cases are consistently based on the reference values. Also, a composition analysis using SEM/EDS was conducted for the detailed microstructures of the powder and pellet samples. In the powder case, only one thick layer is found as the reaction layer consisting of (Fe, Cr)B precipitate, including B
C powder. In the pellet case, two layers are found in the reaction layer.
Ahmed, Z.*; Sharma, A. K.*; Pellegrini, M.*; Yamano, Hidemasa; Kano, Sho*; Okamoto, Koji*
Ceramics International, 50(10), p.17665 - 17680, 2024/05
Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:77.98(Materials Science, Ceramics)In this study, we identified two distinct failure mechanisms: the separation of stainless steel from the BC pellet, resulting in the formation of a later melting drop, and the fracture of the B
C pellet into multiple pieces, possibly due to thermal stress. The visualization technique and thermal interfacial resistance analysis precisely captured the eutectic temperature.
Ahmed, Z.*; Sharma, A. K.*; Pellegrini, M.*; Yamano, Hidemasa; Okamoto, Koji*
Proceedings of Saudi International Conference On Nuclear Power Engineering (SCOPE2023) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2023/11
In this study, the eutectic behavior and subsequent melt structure of boron migration are observed by a quantitative and high-resolution visualization method using radiative heating. Experiments were conducted using B4C pellet and powder within SS tubes, replicating the actual control rod design in the temperature range of 1150C to 1372
C to study long-duration melting and relocation behavior. The visualization technique accurately identified the time of eutectic melting onset and the related temperature, pointing out different values for the pellet and the powder cases.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Morita, Koji*
Proceedings of 20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-20) (Internet), p.4295 - 4308, 2023/08
This study applied the SIMMER-IV code with the newly developed model to a preliminary SA analysis of the SFR. The analysis results show that the eutectic reaction is caused by the contact between the liquid SS and the broken BC pellets which are released to the coolant channel after the failure of cladding which is melted by the mixture of liquid SS and fuel particles coming from the neighboring fuel assemblies. The liquid eutectic material formed by the reaction moves from the control assembly to the neighboring fuel assemblies. The lower density of the eutectic melt than molten SS drives the upward motion of the eutectic in the molten core pool. This analysis indicated that the SIMMER-IV code using the eutectic reaction model has successfully simulated the eutectic reaction and the relocation of the eutectic melt as well as the reactivity transient behavior caused by the molten core material relocation.
Hong, Z.*; Pellegrini, M.*; Erkan, N.*; Liao, H.*; Yang, H.*; Yamano, Hidemasa; Okamoto, Koji*
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 180, p.109462_1 - 109462_9, 2023/01
Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:34.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)A series of experiments were conducted using BC material and SUS304 tubes as a simulant of the real control rods. Reaction rate constant data in the 1450K-1500K range were obtained, and are consistent with the reference values. The reaction layer microstructure observation and the associated chemical composition analysis were also carried onto the experiment samples.
Fukuyama, Hiroyuki*; Higashi, Hideo*; Yamano, Hidemasa
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 568, p.153865_1 - 153865_12, 2022/09
Times Cited Count:8 Percentile:79.63(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The normal spectral emissivity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of type 316 austenitic stainless steel (SS) containing boron carbide (BC) in a liquid state were experimentally measured over the composition range of SS-
mass% B
C (up to 10%) and wide temperature ranges using an electromagnetic levitator in a static magnetic field. The normal spectral emissivity and specific heat capacity were almost constant against temperature for all SS-B
C melts, and the thermal conductivities of the melts had a negligible or small positive temperature dependence. The B
C-content dependence of each property at 1800 K had a different tendency across the eutectic composition (around 3 mass% B
C) of the SS-B
C pseudo-binary system.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Morita, Koji*
Nihon Kikai Gakkai 2022-Nendo Nenji Taikai Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 5 Pages, 2022/09
It is necessary to simulate a eutectic melting reaction and relocation behavior of boron carbide (B4C) as a control rod material and stainless steel (SS) during a core disruptive accident (CDA) in an advanced large-scale sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) designed in Japan. A physical model simulating the eutectic reaction and relocation of the eutectic melt was developed to incorporate into the fast reactor severe accident analysis code SIMMER-IV for the CDA numerical analysis of SFRs. This study applied the SIMMER-IV code with the newly developed model to the CDA analysis of the SFR. This analysis indicated that the SIMMER-IV code using the eutectic reaction model has successfully simulated the eutectic reaction and the upward motion of the eutectic melt in the molten core pool as well as the reactivity transient behavior caused by the molten core material relocation.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Takai, Toshihide; Emura, Yuki; Fukuyama, Hiroyuki*; Higashi, Hideo*; Nishi, Tsuyoshi*; Ota, Hiromichi*; Morita, Koji*; Nakamura, Kinya*; Fukai, Hirofumi*; et al.
Proceedings of 13th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-13) (Internet), 12 Pages, 2022/09
This paper describes the project overview and progress of experimental and analytical studies conducted until 2020. Specific results in this paper are the measurement of the eutectic reaction rates and the validation of physical model describing the eutectic reaction in the analysis code through the numerical analysis of the BC-SS eutectic reaction rate experiments in which a B
C pellet was placed in a SS crucible.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Morita, Koji*
Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 16 Pages, 2022/03
For a severe accident (SA) simulation of sodium-cooled fast reactors, a eutectic reaction model between boron carbide (BC) and stainless steel (SS) has been developed to be incorporated into the SA simulation codes: SIMMER-III/IV. To confirm the applicability of SIMMER-IV involving the eutectic reaction model to reactor simulations, this study has preliminarily applied this code with the newly developed physical model to a SA simulation of a large-scale SFR designed in Japan. The simulation results show that the eutectic reaction is caused by the contact between the liquid SS and the broken B
C pellets which are released to the coolant channel after the failure of cladding which is melted by the mixture of liquid SS and fuel particles coming from the neighboring fuel assemblies. The liquid eutectic material formed by the reaction stayed in the control assembly and the neighboring fuel assemblies. This preliminary simulation shows that the spreading area of B
C-SS eutectic formation is limited within this calculation time.
Hidaka, Akihide
Insights Concerning the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident, Vol.4; Endeavors by Scientists, p.341 - 356, 2021/10
Fukuyama, Hiroyuki*; Higashi, Hideo*; Yamano, Hidemasa
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 554, p.153100_1 - 153100_11, 2021/10
Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:81.33(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The effects of BC addition on the solidus and liquidus temperatures of type 316 austenitic stainless steel (SS), and on the density and surface tension of molten SS, were experimentally studied. The solidus temperature of SS-x mass% B
C (from 0 to 10) monotonically decreased from 1666 to 1307 K with B
C addition. The liquidus temperature had a minimum at around 2.5 mass% B
C, and increased with further B
C addition up to 10 mass%. The density and surface tension of molten SS-x mass %B
C were successfully measured over a wide temperature range (including an undercooling region) via an electromagnetic-levitation technique. The density of each sample decreased linearly with temperature. The density also monotonically decreased with B
C content. Although the addition of B
C had no clear effect on the surface tension of SS-x mass %B
C, sulfur dissolved in SS316L caused a significant decrease in the surface tension.
Nishi, Tsuyoshi*; Sato, Rika*; Ota, Hiromichi*; Kokubo, Hiroki*; Yamano, Hidemasa
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 552, p.153002_1 - 153002_7, 2021/08
Times Cited Count:4 Percentile:44.71(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Determining high precision viscosities of molten BC-stainless steel (B
C-SS) alloys is essential for the core disruptive accident analyses of sodium-cooled fast reactors and for analysis of severe accidents in boiling water reactors (BWR) as appeared in Fukushima Daiichi. However, there are no data on the high precision viscosities of molten B
C-SS alloys due to experimental difficulties. In this study, the viscosities of molten SS (Type 316L), 2.5mass%B
C-SS, 5.0mass%B
C-SS, and 7.0mass%B
C-SS alloys were measured using the oscillating crucible method in temperature ranges of 1693-1793 K, 1613-1793 K, 1613-1793 K, and 1713-1793 K, respectively. The viscosity was observed to increase as the B
C concentration increased from 0 to 7.0 mass%. Using the experimental data of the molten 2.5mass%B
C-SS and 5.0mass%B
C-SS and 7.0mass%B
C-SS in the temperature range of 1713-1793 K, the equation for the viscosity of molten B
C-SS alloys was determined, and the measurement error of the viscosity of molten B
C-SS alloys is less than
8%.
Kikuchi, Shin; Nakamura, Kinya*; Yamano, Hidemasa
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 8(4), p.20-00542_1 - 20-00542_13, 2021/08
In a postulated severe accidental condition of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), eutectic melting between boron carbide (BC) and stainless steel (SS) may take place. Thus, kinetic behavior of B
C-SS eutectic melting is one of the important phenomena to be considered when evaluating the core disruptive accidents in SFR. In this study, for the first step to obtain the fundamental information on kinetic feature of B
C-SS eutectic melting, the thermal analysis using the pellet type samples of B
C and Type 316L SS as different experimental technique was performed. The differential thermal analysis endothermic peaks for the B
C-SS eutectic melting appeared from 1483K to 1534K and systematically shifted to higher temperatures when increasing heating rate. Based on this kinetic feature, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the B
C-SS eutectic melting were determined by Kissinger method. It was found that the kinetic parameters obtained by thermal analysis were comparable to the literature values.
Yamano, Hidemasa; Takai, Toshihide; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Kikuchi, Shin; Emura, Yuki; Kamiyama, Kenji; Fukuyama, Hiroyuki*; Higashi, Hideo*; Nishi, Tsuyoshi*; Ota, Hiromichi*; et al.
Proceedings of 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 28) (Internet), 11 Pages, 2021/08
One of the key issues in a core disruptive accident (CDA) evaluation in sodium-cooled fast reactors is eutectic reactions between boron carbide (BC) and stainless steel (SS) as well as its relocation. Such behaviors have never been simulated in CDA numerical analyses in the past, therefore it is necessary to develop a physical model and incorporate the model into the CDA analysis code. This study focuses on B
C-SS eutectic melting experiments, thermophysical property measurement of the eutectic melt, and physical model development for the eutectic melting reaction. The eutectic experiments involve the visualization experiments, eutectic reaction rate experiments and material analyses. The thermophysical properties are measured in a range from solid to liquid state. The physical model is developed for a CDA computer code based on the measured data of the eutectic reaction rate and the physical properties. This paper describes the project overview and progress of experimental and analytical studies conducted until 2019. Specific results in this paper are the validation of physical model describing B
C-SS eutectic reaction in the CDA analysis code, SIMMER-III, through the numerical analysis of the B
C-SS eutectic melting experiments in which a B
C block was placed in a SS pool.