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論文

Large-eddy simulation on gas mixing induced by the high-buoyancy flow in the CIGMA facility

安部 諭; 柴本 泰照

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 55(5), p.1742 - 1756, 2023/05

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The hydrogen behavior in a nuclear containment vessel is a significant issue when discussing the potential of hydrogen combustion during a severe accident. After the Fukushima-Daiichi accident in Japan, we have investigated in-depth the hydrogen transport mechanisms by utilizing experimental and numerical approaches. Computational fluid dynamics is a powerful tool for better understanding the transport behavior of gas mixtures, including hydrogen. This paper describes a large-eddy simulation of gas mixing driven by a high-buoyancy flow. We focused on the interaction behavior of heat and mass transfers driven by the horizontal high-buoyant flow during density stratification. For validation, the experimental data of the Containment InteGral effects Measurement Apparatus (CIGMA) facility were used. With a high-power heater for the gas-injection line in the CIGMA facility, a high temperature flow of approximately 390$$^{circ}$$C was injected into the test vessel. By using the CIGMA facility, we can extend the experimental data to the high temperature region. The phenomenological discussion in this paper help understand the heat and mass transfer induced by the high-buoyancy flow in the containment vessel during a severe accident.

論文

CFD analysis on stratification dissolution and breakup of the air-helium gas mixture by natural convection in a large-scale enclosed vessel

Hamdani, A.; 安部 諭; 石垣 将宏; 柴本 泰照; 与能本 泰介

Progress in Nuclear Energy, 153, p.104415_1 - 104415_16, 2022/11

 被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:52.93(Nuclear Science & Technology)

This paper describes the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and validation works from the previous experimental study on the natural convection driven by outer surface cooling in the presence of density stratification consisting of air and helium (as a mimic gas of hydrogen). The experiment was conducted in the Containment InteGral effects Measurement Apparatus (CIGMA) facility at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the detailed effect of the cooling region on the erosion of the helium stratification layer. The temporal and spatial evolution of the helium concentration and the gas temperature inside the containment vessel was predicted and validated against the experimental data. In addition, two stratification behaviors that depend on the cooling location were presented and discussed. The CFD simulation confirmed that an upper head cooling caused two counter-rotating vortexes in the helium-rich zone. Meanwhile, the upper half body cooling caused two counter-rotating vortexes in the helium-poor zone. These findings are important to understand the mechanism of the density stratification process driven by natural convection in the containment vessel.

論文

Numerical analysis of natural convection behavior in density stratification induced by external cooling of a containment vessel

石垣 将宏*; 安部 諭; Hamdani, A.; 廣瀬 意育

Annals of Nuclear Energy, 168, p.108867_1 - 108867_20, 2022/04

 被引用回数:4 パーセンタイル:63.92(Nuclear Science & Technology)

It is essential to improve computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis accuracy to estimate thermal flow in a containment vessel during a severe accident. Previous studies pointed out the importance of the influence of initial and boundary conditions on the CFD analysis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of initial and boundary conditions by numerical analysis of natural convection experiments in a large containment vessel test facility CIGMA(Containment InteGral effects Measurement Apparatus). A density stratification layer was initially formed in the vessel using helium and air, and external cooling of the vessel surface-induced natural convection. In this study, we carried out numerical simulations of the density stratification erosion driven by the natural convection using the RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) model. As a result, the temperature boundary condition of the small internal structure in the vessel had a significant influence on the fluid temperature distribution in the vessel. The erosion velocity of the density stratification layer changed depending on the initial gas concentration distribution. Then, appropriate settings of the temperature and gas concentration conditions are necessary for accurate analysis.

論文

Experimental investigation of natural convection and gas mixing behaviors driven by outer surface cooling with and without density stratification consisting of an air-helium gas mixture in a large-scale enclosed vessel

安部 諭; Hamdani, A.; 石垣 将宏*; 柴本 泰照

Annals of Nuclear Energy, 166, p.108791_1 - 108791_18, 2022/02

 被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:63.12(Nuclear Science & Technology)

This paper describes an experimental investigation of natural convection driven by outer surface cooling in the presence of density stratification consisting of an air-helium gas mixture (as mimic gas of hydrogen) in an enclosed vessel. The unique cooling system of the Containment InteGral effects Measurement Apparatus (whose test vessel is a cylinder with 2.5-m diameter and 11-m height) is used, and findings reveal that the cooling location relative to the stratification plays an important role in determining the interaction behavior of the heat and mass transfer in the enclosed vessel. When the cooling region is narrower than the stratification thickness, the density-stratified region expands to the lower part while decreasing in concentration (stratification dissolution). When the cooling region is wider than the stratification thickness, the stratification is gradually eroded from the bottom with decreasing layer thickness (stratification breakup). This knowledge is useful for understanding the interaction behavior of heat and mass transfer during severe accidents in nuclear power plants.

論文

Density stratification breakup by a vertical jet; Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of dynamic change of turbulent Schmidt number

安部 諭; Studer, E.*; 石垣 将宏; 柴本 泰照; 与能本 泰介

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 368, p.110785_1 - 110785_14, 2020/11

 被引用回数:14 パーセンタイル:83.82(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The hydrogen behavior in a nuclear containment vessel is one of the significant issues raised when discussing the potential of hydrogen combustion during a severe accident. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for better understanding the turbulence transport behavior of a gas mixture, including hydrogen. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) is a practical-use approach for simulating the averaged gaseous behavior in a large and complicated geometry, such as a nuclear containment vessel; however, some improvements are required. We implemented the dynamic modeling for $$Sc_{t}$$ based on the previous studies into the OpenFOAM ver 2.3.1 package. The experimental data obtained by using a small scale test apparatus at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) was used to validate the RANS methodology. Moreover, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) was performed to phenomenologically discuss the interaction behavior. The comparison study indicated that the turbulence production ratio by shear stress and buoyancy force predicted by the RANS with the dynamic modeling for $$Sc_{t}$$ was a better agreement with the LES result, and the gradual decay of the turbulence fluctuation in the stratification was predicted accurately. The time transient of the helium molar fraction in the case with the dynamic modeling was very closed to the VIMES experimental data. The improvement on the RANS accuracy was produced by the accurate prediction of the turbulent mixing region, which was explained with the turbulent helium mass flux in the interaction region. Moreover, the parametric study on the jet velocity indicates the good performance of the RANS with the dynamic modeling for $$Sc_{t}$$ on the slower erosive process. This study concludes that the dynamic modeling for $$Sc_{t}$$ is a useful and practical approach to improve the prediction accuracy.

論文

Development of remote sensing technique using radiation resistant optical fibers under high-radiation environment

伊藤 主税; 内藤 裕之; 石川 高史; 伊藤 敬輔; 若井田 育夫

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 24, p.011038_1 - 011038_6, 2019/01

東京電力ホールディングス福島第一原子力発電所の原子炉圧力容器と格納容器の内部調査への適用を想定して、光ファイバーの耐放射線性を向上させた。原子炉圧力容器内の線量率として想定されている~1kGy/hレベルの放射線環境に適用できるよう、OH基を1000ppm含有した溶融石英コアとフッ素を4%含有した溶融石英クラッドからなるイメージ用光ファイバを開発し、光ファイバをリモートイメージング技術に応用することを試みた。イメージファイバの本数は先行研究時の2000本から実用レベルの22000本に増加させた。1MGyのガンマ線照射試験を行った結果、赤外線画像の透過率は照射による影響を受けず、視野範囲の空間分解能の変化も見られなかった。これらの結果、耐放射線性を向上させたイメージファイバを用いたプロービングシステムの適用性が確認できた。

論文

Influence of grating type obstacle on stratification breakup by a vertical jet

安部 諭; 石垣 将宏; 柴本 泰照; 与能本 泰介

Proceedings of 12th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-12) (USB Flash Drive), 9 Pages, 2018/10

At Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), small scale experiment, named VIMES (VIsualization and MEasurement system on stratification behavior) experiment, has been performed since 2014. In this paper, we introduce the influence of grating type obstacle to the VIMES experiment. Two types of grating obstacle were constructed based on the aperture area ratio. The obstacles were placed at the intermediate position between the jet nozzle exit and bottom of the initial stratification. Experimental results showed that the vertical jet was strongly affected by the grating obstacle. Due to the rectifying effect, the radial spreading was suppressed and the velocity magnitude on the jet center line became larger than that in case without the grating obstacle. Meanwhile, due to the resistance effect, the integral momentum flux of the vertical jet was decayed with decrease of the aperture area ratio. It means that in case with the grating obstacle the integral jet penetration strength was decayed, although the local jet penetration to the stratification was stronger than that in case without the grating obstacle. Also, the slower stratification breakup could be observed with decrease of the aperture area ratio, indicating that stratification breakup rate to be discussed in detail considering every possible effect of a jet penetration.

論文

Stratification breakup by a diffuse buoyant jet; The MISTRA HM1-1 and 1-1bis experiments and their CFD analysis

安部 諭; Studer, E.*; 石垣 将宏; 柴本 泰照; 与能本 泰介

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 331, p.162 - 175, 2018/05

 被引用回数:22 パーセンタイル:90.16(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Density stratification and its breakup are important phenomena to consider in the analysis of the hydrogen distribution during a severe accident. Many previous experimental studies, using helium as mimic gas of hydrogen, focused on the stratification breakup by a vertical or horizontal jet. However, in a real containment vessel, the upward flow pattern can be considered diffuse and buoyant neither pure jet nor pure plume. HM1-1 and HM1-1bis tests in the MISTRA facility were performed to investigate such erosive flow pattern created from a horizontal hot air jet impinging on a vertical cylinder. The experimental results indicated that the jet flow was quickly mixed with the surrounding gas in the lower region of the initial stratification, and deaccelerated by buoyancy force therein. Consequently, the erosive process became slower at the upper region of the initial stratification. Those observed behavior was analyzed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques focusing on models for turbulent Schmidt and Prndtl numbers. Some previous studies mentioned that these numbers significantly change in the stratified flow. The changes of $$Sc_{t}$$ and $$Pr_{t}$$ are very important factor to predict the stratification erosion process. The results have indicated that the simulation can be much improved by using appropriate dynamic models for those numbers. This research is a collaboration activity between CEA and JAEA.

論文

Experimental study on outer surface cooling of containment vessel by using CIGMA

柴本 泰照; 石垣 将宏; 安部 諭; 与能本 泰介

Proceedings of 17th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-17) (USB Flash Drive), 14 Pages, 2017/09

The present paper introduces the recent outcome from the CIGMA experiments regarding containment vessel cooling, in which an external side of a vessel upper head was flooded by water. The test vessel was initially pressurized by steam and noncondensable gas (air and/or helium), and was subsequently cooled by pouring water to the outside of the vessel top. Similar experiments were performed by authors using air-steam binary system in the previous study, which showed several characteristic phenomena such as inverse temperature stratification. The experimental conditions were extended systematically in this study to investigate the effects of initial gas composition and distribution in a vessel. The measurement results indicated that natural circulation was significantly affected by distributions of each gas species. In particular, it was enhanced when the gas density became heavier after condensation on the vessel inner wall, while it was suppressed when the gas density became lighter, creating density stratification with helium-rich gas in the upper region. The results are explained by the simplified model.

報告書

Verification of alternative dew point hygrometer for CV-LRT in MONJU; Short- and long-term verification for capacitance-type dew point hygrometer (Translated document)

市川 正一; 千葉 悠介; 大野 史靖; 羽鳥 雅一; 小林 孝典; 上倉 亮一; 走利 信男*; 犬塚 泰輔*; 北野 寛*; 阿部 恒*

JAEA-Research 2017-001, 40 Pages, 2017/03

JAEA-Research-2017-001.pdf:5.19MB

日本原子力研究開発機構は、高速増殖原型炉もんじゅのプラント工程への影響を低減するため、現在、原子炉格納容器全体漏えい率試験で用いている塩化リチウム式露点検出器の代替品として、静電容量式露点検出器の検証試験を実施した。原子炉格納容器全体漏えい率試験(試験条件: 窒素雰囲気、24時間)における静電容量式露点検出器の測定結果は、既存の塩化リチウム式検出器と比較して有意な差は無かった。また、長期検証試験(試験条件:空気雰囲気、2年間)においては、静電容量式露点検出器は、高精度鏡面式露点検出器との比較の結果、「電気技術規程(原子力編)」の「原子炉格納容器の漏えい試験規定」に基づく使用前検査時に要求される機器精度(精度:$$pm$$2.04$$^{circ}$$C)を長期間にわたり有することを確認した。

論文

Outcome of first containment cooling experiments using CIGMA

柴本 泰照; 与能本 泰介; 石垣 将宏; 安部 諭

Proceedings of 11th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-11) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2016/10

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) initiated the ROSA-SA project in 2013 for the purpose of studying thermal hydraulics relevant to over-temperature containment damage, hydrogen risk, and fission product transport. For this purpose, the JAEA newly constructed the Containment InteGral Measurement Apparatus (CIGMA) in 2015 for the experiments addressing containment responses, separate effects, and accident managements. Recently, we successfully conducted first experiments using CIGMA to characterize the facility under typical experimental conditions. Among these experiments, the present paper focuses on the results of containment cooling tests, for which an upper part of the vessel outer surface was cooled by spray water. Several distinctive phenomena were observed in the tests, including inverse temperature stratification in the vessel due to the cooling in the upper region. The RELAP5 analysis result was also presented to roughly indicate the prediction capability of the best-estimate two-phase flow code in predicting the containment thermal hydraulics.

論文

大型装置CIGMAを用いた格納容器熱水力安全研究; 重大事故の評価手法と安全対策の高度化を目指して

柴本 泰照; 与能本 泰介; 堀田 亮年*

日本原子力学会誌ATOMO$$Sigma$$, 58(9), p.553 - 557, 2016/09

日本原子力研究開発機構安全研究センターでは、シビアアクシデント対策の強化を特徴とする新しい安全規制を支援するため、2013年にROSA-SA計画を開始し、今般、本計画の中核となる大型格納容器実験装置CIGMA(Containment InteGral Measurement Apparatus)を完成させた。CIGMAは、設計温度や計測点密度において世界有数の性能を有しており、シビアアクシデント時の格納容器内の事故進展挙動や事故拡大防止に係る熱水力実験を実施することができる。本稿では、本計画と既往研究の概要を述べるとともに、CIGMA装置の特徴、及びこれまで実施した一連の実験結果を紹介する。

論文

First experiments at the CIGMA facility for investigations of LWR containment thermal hydraulics

柴本 泰照; 安部 諭; 石垣 将宏; 与能本 泰介

Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-24) (DVD-ROM), 9 Pages, 2016/06

There has been an extensive reorientation of the light water reactor research in Japan since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident, which focuses on severe accidents and accident managements. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) initiated the ROSA-SA project in 2013 for the purpose of studying thermal hydraulics relevant to over-temperature containment damage, hydrogen risk, and fission product transport. For this purpose, the JAEA newly constructed the Containment InteGral Measurement Apparatus (CIGMA) in 2015 for the experiments addressing containment responses, separate effects, and accident managements. Recently, we successfully conducted first experiments using CIGMA to characterize the facility under typical experimental conditions investigating basic phenomena such as buildup of pressure by steam injection, containment cooling and depressurization by internal or external cooling, and density stratified layer mixing by impinging jet. This paper provides an overview of the research programs, the brief description of the facility specification and the outcomes obtained from the first experiments.

論文

A Study on improvement of RANS analysis for erosion of density stratified layer of multicomponent gas by buoyant jet in a containment vessel

安部 諭; 石垣 将宏; 柴本 泰照; 与能本 泰介

Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 9(7), p.599 - 607, 2015/07

格納容器内での多成分ガスで形成される密度成層を精度よく解析することはシビアアクシデントの安全評価の上で重要である。日本原子力研究開発機構は格納容器内熱水力現象調査を目的としてROSA-SAプロジェクトを開始した。このプロジェクトの一環として、我々は浮力ジェットによる密度成層の侵食および崩壊についれ数値流体力学(CFD)解析を実行した。その解析では、既往研究でよく使われているが密度成層の侵食・崩壊を過大予測するRANS解析の改善を試みた。具体的には、低Re型k-$$varepsilon$$モデルをベースとして、ジェットの成層への貫入部分での乱流エネルギーを適切に評価、密度成層内での乱流抑制効果を再現するための改良をほどこした。RANS解析の結果は、計算コストは莫大になるものの精度が高いとされるLES解析と比較をおこなった。その結果、密度成層の侵食・崩壊について、本研究で適用した改良型のモデルは従来モデルよりもLES解析とのよく一致した。

論文

Leak-tightness characteristics concerning the containment structures of the HTTR

坂場 成昭; 飯垣 和彦; 近藤 雅明; 江森 恒一

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 233(1-3), p.135 - 145, 2004/10

 被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:40.12(Nuclear Science & Technology)

HTTRの原子炉格納施設は、原子炉格納容器,サービスエリア及び非常用空気浄化設備で構成され、減圧事故等におけるFPの原子炉外への放出を抑制させるものである。原子炉格納容器は、減圧事故時の圧力及び温度挙動に耐え、漏えい率が規定されている。また、サービスエリアは、非常用空気浄化設備により負圧に保たれる。本論文では、原子炉格納施設の気密性能について、系統別総合機能試験等により評価した結果を示す。試験の結果、原子炉格納容器の漏えい率は、規定値0.1%/dを十分満たし、サービスエリアは、非常用空気浄化設備により規定の負圧が保たれること等が確認された。

論文

Performance tests of reactor containment structures of the HTTR

飯垣 和彦; 坂場 成昭; 川路 さとし; 伊与久 達夫

Transactions of 16th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-16) (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2001/08

原研は、高温ガス炉技術基盤の確立と高度化,高温工学に関する先端的基礎研究の実施を主目的として、HTTRを建設し、1998年11月10日に初臨界を達成した。HTTRの原子炉格納施設は、原子炉格納容器(CV),サービスエリア(SA)及び非常用空気浄化設備から構成し、減圧事故時等に外部へ放出する放射性物質の量を低減する役目を担う。このため、CVには漏洩率、SAには機密性、非常用空気浄化設備にはSAの負圧維持,ヨウ素及び微粒子の除去効率並びに起動時間を規定している。CV漏洩率試験では、1次冷却材Heに適応するため、原子炉冷却材圧力バウンダリを閉鎖したまま試験を実施する従来の軽水炉等とは異なる新しい試験方法を確立し、規定値を満たすことを確認した。試験の結果、減圧事故時に外部へ放出する放射性物質の量は所定値内に低減することができるといえる。

報告書

HTTR原子炉格納施設に関する機能試験

坂場 成昭; 飯垣 和彦; 川路 さとし; 伊与久 達夫

JAERI-Tech 98-013, 152 Pages, 1998/03

JAERI-Tech-98-013.pdf:7.69MB

HTTRの原子炉格納施設は、主冷却設備、補助冷却設備等を配置する原子炉格納容器(CV)、1次ヘリウム純化設備、1次ヘリウムサンプリング設備等を配置するサービスエリア(SA)及び非常用空気浄化設備から構成し、1次冷却設備の二重管破断事故(減圧事故)時等に外部へ放出する放射性物質の量を低減する役目を担っている。このため、CVには漏洩率、SAには気密性、非常用空気浄化設備にはSAの負圧維持、ヨウ素及び微粒子の除去効率並びに起動時間を規定している。これら規定した事項を、原子炉格納施設の系統別機能試験として燃料装荷前に確認した。CVの漏洩率試験では、1次冷却材がヘリウムガスであるHTTRに適応するため、原子炉冷却材圧力バウンダリを閉鎖したまま試験を実施するという従来の軽水炉等とは異なる新しい試験方法を確立し、規定値を満たすことを確認した。また、SA及び非常用空気浄化設備の機能試験では、所定の性能を発揮することを確認した。原子炉格納施設の機能試験の結果、減圧事故時等に外部へ放出する放射性物質の量は所定値内に低減することができるといえる。

論文

Dynamic response of a containment surrounding extreme pressure source due to steam explosion

吉江 伸二*; 福田 博徳*; 丸山 結; 山野 憲洋; 杉本 純

Transactions of 13th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-13), 4, p.359 - 370, 1995/00

水蒸気爆発は、シビアアクシデント時に格納容器の健全性を脅かし得る現象の1つと考えられている。原研では水蒸気爆発現象を明らかにするために、事故時格納容器挙動試験計画(ALPHA)において、溶融物落下水蒸気爆発実験を実施している。この実験シリーズの中で最大規模の水蒸気爆発が生じたと推定された実験について、流体-構造相互作用解析コードAUTODYN-2Dを用いて、水蒸気爆発によって発生した圧力波の模擬格納容器内伝播解析を実施した。水蒸気爆発に関与した溶融物の割合、圧力源の拘束条件をパラメータにした解析を行い、圧力波伝播特性を把握するとともに、実験で観測された模擬格納容器内圧力履歴と比較した。

論文

Shielding design of obtain compact marine reactor

山路 昭雄; 迫 淳

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 31(6), p.510 - 520, 1994/06

 被引用回数:16 パーセンタイル:78.26(Nuclear Science & Technology)

舶用炉は船内の狭隘な場所に設置されること及び原子力船の経済上の観点から、軽量・小型でなければならない。現在の舶用炉では遮蔽体が原子炉プラント重量の大きな割合を占めている。例えば、原子力船「むつ」の遮蔽体は原子炉プラント重量の70%を越えている。また、遮蔽体の重量と大きさの大部分は二次遮蔽体によるものであり、「むつ」の場合では二次遮蔽体が全遮蔽重量の88%を占めている。改良舶用炉MRXは一体型PWRと水張り式格納容器を採用することによってこの問題をかなりの程度まで解決している。この概念では二次遮蔽体を必要としない設計が可能である。この結果、MRXは従来の舶用炉と比べて軽量・小型化されている。例えば、MRXの原子炉出力は「むつ」の2.8倍であるが、プラント重量は「むつ」の0.5倍、格納容器体積は「むつ」の0.7倍である。

論文

Experimental study of aerosol reentrainment from flashing pool in ALPHA program

工藤 保; 山野 憲洋; 森山 清史; 丸山 結; 杉本 純

3rd Int. Conf. on Containment Design and Operation,Conf. Proc., Vol. 1, 0, 10 Pages, 1994/00

ALPHA計画では、格納容器が加圧破損した場合に水プールの減圧沸騰により再浮遊するエアロゾルの挙動を把握し、定量化するためにエアロゾル再浮遊実験を実施している。最初の実験ARE001では模擬格納容器内に硫酸ナトリウム50kgを水750kgに溶かした水プールを設置し、圧力1.5MPaから大気圧までの減圧に45分要した。ARE002では、硫酸ナトリウム25kgを375kgの水に溶かし、1.3MPaから40分で大気圧まで減圧された。格納容器内熱水力挙動を測定するとともに水プールから再浮遊した液滴の空間分布、粒径分布を評価した。減圧の間に水プールは約20%減少したが、フラッシングによって飛散した硫酸ナトリウムは0.03%以下であった。Kataoka-Ishiiのモデルを用いて予測した飛散量は実験値のおよそ1/10であった。

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