Effect of coaxial HPGe detector structure on -ray beam measurements

Omer, M.; 静間 俊行*; 小泉 光生; 平 義隆*; Zen, H.*; 大垣 英明*; 羽島 良一*

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 240, p.113467_1 - 113467_8, 2026/03

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113467

Coaxial high-purity germanium detectors are widely used in applications requiring high-resolution -ray spectroscopy. However, the internal structure of these detectors, particularly the geometry of the inactive volumes inside the detector core, can significantly influence their performance in beam detection configurations. This study investigates the impact of detector structure on the spectral response to pencil-like -ray beams, based on a comparison of -ray spectra measured with two coaxial high-purity germanium detectors that have similar active volumes but distinct internal geometries. Experimental measurements were conducted at the UVSOR synchrotron facility using collimated laser Compton scattered -ray beams with an energy of MeV. Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit were performed to refine the detector models and replicate experimental results. The results reveal that the front layer thickness and the presence of structural elements such as the cold finger strongly affect the spectral features, particularly the appearance of a coincidence sum peak of the annihilation radiation at 1.022 MeV. Off-axis irradiation significantly improves the detection efficiency and reduces undesired induced interactions within inactive volumes. Additionally, the observed pair production signatures are validated through the available theoretical cross section data, confirming the dominant role of internal structures in shaping the detector response under beam geometry. These findings are essential for optimizing detector configurations in precision -ray beam experiments. This work is a contribution of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) under the agreement of the coordinated research program (CRP), J02015 (Facilitation of Safe and Secure Trade Using Nuclear Detection Technology - Detection of RN and Other Contraband). A part of this work was conducted at the BL1U of UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS program 23IMS6602).

簡易粘弾性評価モデルを用いた炉内黒鉛構造物の応力挙動の解析的検討

西條 友章; 島崎 洋祐; 石原 正博

JAEA-Technology 2025-010, 126 Pages, 2025/12

JAEA-Technology-2025-010.pdf:12.52MB

HTTR(高温工学試験研究炉)の運転中には、黒鉛構造物に熱応力が発生する。また、黒鉛材料は中性子照射により収縮挙動を示すとともに、クリープ現象が発生するため、原子炉停止時には黒鉛構造物に残留応力が発生する。そこで、HTTR炉心黒鉛構造物の設計においては、有限要素法応力解析コード「VIENUS」を用いた黒鉛構造物の応力解析を行ってきた。HTTRの黒鉛構造物は配置場所によって照射される温度域が400Cから1200Cと大きく異なるため、材料物性値や照射収縮などの照射挙動も黒鉛構造物ごとに異なる。一方、VIENUSコードは熱流動・熱伝導解析結果を解析条件として入力し応力を評価する解析コードであるため、温度条件や材料物性値をパラメータとした検討には向かない。そこで、本報告書ではVIENUSコードよりもパラメータスタディを効率的に実施できる2本のはり要素からなる簡易粘弾性評価モデルを用いて、400Cから1200Cの温度域にある黒鉛構造物の照射挙動が応力挙動に与える影響を解析し、運転時応力は黒鉛構造物の照射収縮の影響により、照射温度800Cを境に2つの異なる挙動を示すことを明らかにした。また、原子炉停止時の残留応力は熱応力に漸近するため、照射収縮が大きくなった場合でも過度に大きくならないことがわかった。さらに、簡易粘弾性評価モデルとVIENUSの応力解析結果を比較した結果、応力挙動の傾向が一致し、簡易粘弾性評価モデルは応力挙動の把握に有用であることが明らかとなった。

Composition dependence of the anomalous Nernst effect in FeMnN and FeCoN films

Yin, W.*; 伊藤 啓太*; 坪和 優佑*; 辻川 雅人*; 白井 正文*; 梅津 理恵*; 高梨 弘毅

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 628, p.173157_1 - 173157_8, 2025/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2025.173157

FeN exhibits a large anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), which motivates a systematic study of enhancing the anomalous Nernst coefficient (S) by modulating its electronic and magnetic structures. In this study, Mn and Co substitution effects for Fe in FeN on S were investigated. FeMnN and FeCoN films in wide ranges of x and y were grown epitaxially on MgO(001) and (LaAlO)(SrTaAlO)(001) substrates, respectively, using molecular beam epitaxy. The S value of the FeN film is suppressed by substituting Fe with Mn or Co. By measuring the ANE, Seebeck effect, and anomalous Hall effect, the transverse thermoelectric conductivity () was evaluated. The composition dependence of S was dominated by the change of for both FeMnN and FeCoN films. First-principles calculations were conducted for the transverse electric conductivity () and of FeN and FeCoN, and large leading to large S was predicted in FeCoN.

Scalar spin chirality Nernst effect

Go, G.*; Goli, D. P.*; 江崎 蘭世; Tserkovnyak, Y.*; Kim, S. K.*

Physical Review Research (Internet), 7(2), p.L022066_1 - L022066_7, 2025/06

https://doi.org/10.1103/y3m6-25rw

It remains an open question whether or not the scalar spin chirality itself can exhibit a Hall-type transport. In this work, we show that the answer is yes: The scalar spin chirality is Hall-transported in Kagome ferromagnets and antiferromagnets under an external bias, engendering a phenomenon which we dub the scalar spin chirality Nernst effect. Our findings call for the need to lift the conventional assumption that the scalar spin chirality is a static quantity in order to discover the active roles of the scalar spin chirality in transport properties.

Giant Hall effect in a highly conductive frustrated magnet GdCu

軽部 皓介*; 大貫 惇睦*; 中島 多朗*; Chen, H.-Y.*; 石塚 大晃*; 木俣 基*; 大原 高志; 宗像 孝司*; 野本 拓也*; 有田 亮太郎*; et al.

npj Quantum Materials (Internet), 10, p.55_1 - 55_9, 2025/06

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-025-00774-3

The Hall effect is one of the most fundamental but elusive phenomena in condensed matter physics due to the rich variety of underlying mechanisms. Here we report an exceptionally large Hall effect in a frustrated magnet, GdCu, with high conductivity. The Hall conductivity at the base temperature shows abrupt sign changes under magnetic fields. Our systematic measurements indicate that the unusual Hall effect can be understood in terms of spin-splitting-induced emergence/disappearance of Fermi pockets as well as skew scattering from spin-chiral cluster fluctuations in a field-polarized state. The present study demonstrates a complex interplay among magnetization, spin-dependent electronic structure, and spin fluctuations in producing the giant Hall effect in highly conductive frustrated magnets with a distorted triangular lattice.

Heat transfer characteristics of downward saturated boiling flow in vertical round pipes

和田 裕貴; 柴本 泰照; 日引 俊*

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 239, p.126598_1 - 126598_18, 2025/04

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126598

This study reviewed the saturated boiling heat transfer research in downward flows. A database of downward flow heat transfer experiments was created using experimental studies. Saturated boiling heat transfer correlations in internal flows were collected, and no downward flow-specific heat transfer correlations were identified. The applicability of heat transfer correlations to downward flow heat transfer experiments was evaluated, and no correlation could predict the heat transfer coefficients accurately for all experimental databases. However, correlations that could predict heat transfer coefficients reasonably well were determined for each channel size. Cooper's correlation [Int. Chem. Eng. Symp. Ser. 86 (1984) 785-792] had a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 11.7% for mini-channels and Kim and Mudawar's correlation [Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 64 (2013) 1239-1256] had an MAPE of 66.5% for macro-channels. Furthermore, because the advection direction between the liquid-phase and the generated bubbles differed depending on the liquid-phase velocity in downward flows, we evaluated the prediction performance of the heat transfer coefficient for the liquid-phase velocity. For some experimental data, the prediction performance of the existing correlation for downward flow heat transfer worsened as the advection velocity of the bubbles decreased. This result is one of the issues to be addressed in the future development of heat transfer correlations.

Estimation of influence of implicit effect due to multi-group cross-section perturbations on uncertainty analysis in PWR-UO and -MOX lattice calculations

藤田 達也

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 9 Pages, 2025/03

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2025.2470234

本研究では、PWR-UO及びMOX燃料格子計算において、多群核反応断面積(XS)摂動に起因する間接効果が中性子無限増倍率の不確かさに与える影響を評価した。まず、XS共分散行列と感度係数を用いたサンドウィッチ式に基づき、間接関数の影響を簡易的に評価した。その結果、重核種の核分裂反応と(n,)反応において間接効果の影響が顕著であり、またUO及びMOX燃料集合体の燃焼度に対する依存性は小さいことを確認した。これを踏まえて重核種に着目し、中性子輸送計算や核反応断面積の共分散行列のエネルギー群数に対する間接効果の影響を比較した。PuとPuについては、MOX燃料棒体系において間接効果の影響が顕著に見られた。一方で、中性子輸送計算や核反応断面積の共分散行列のエネルギー群数を増加させることにより、これらの間接効果の影響を低減可能であることが分かった。以上から、中性子輸送計算や核反応断面積の共分散行列のエネルギー群数を適切に設定することにより、ランダムサンプリングにおける間接効果の取扱を明示的に考慮しないことが現実的に可能となった。

Hybrid data assimilation methods for nuclear-data-induced uncertainties

丸山 修平; 山本 章夫*; 遠藤 知弘*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 14 Pages, 2025/00

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2025.2500579

This study proposes new hybrid data assimilation (DA) methods to effectively use experimental data represented in two different ways in the DA process for reducing nuclear-data-induced uncertainties. Conventional DA methods often assume a linear model, where data in a DA database are represented by their differential coefficients, i.e., nuclear data sensitivity coefficients. In contrast, more rigorous and versatile DA methods based on sampling techniques have been proposed recently. These sampling-based DA methods describe data for DA using results derived from direct transport calculations performed with perturbed nuclear data samples. The proposed hybrid DA methods simultaneously use both types of data described by sensitivity coefficients and sampling results and thus are called "hybrid." Two hybrid DA methods are proposed herein: the simple hybrid DA and efficient hybrid DA methods. Among these, the simple method is based on a straightforward concept that uses a random sampling technique. In contrast, the efficient method employs a more technical method that effectively combines a new deterministic sampling technique with sensitivity coefficients to reduce statistical uncertainties associated with the simple method. The efficient method is expected to be a candidate to achieve high precision and rigorous DA with a realistic sample size.

Vicinage effect on the yield of convoy electrons emitted from thin carbon foil induced by the penetration of 3.5 MeV/atom C ions

椎名 陽子*; 木下 亮*; 舟田 周平*; 松田 誠; 今井 誠*; 川面 澄*; 左高 正雄*; 笹 公和*; 金子 敏明*; 冨田 成夫*

Physical Review A, 110(6), p.062826_1 - 062826_7, 2024/12

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.110.062826

We investigated the target thickness dependence of convoy electron yields resulting from bombardments with 3.5 MeV/atom C (n = 1 - 3) cluster ions. We observed that for bombardments with C and C ions, the convoy electron yield per atom, Y/n, reaches a maximum around 3-5 g/cm and decreases with increasing target thickness from 3.1 to 10.5 g/cm, and ultimately reaches an asymptotic value. This asymptotic value of the convoy electron yield was nearly proportional to the size of the cluster n, that is, Y n, consistent with previous observations. We found that the escape length of the convoy electrons for C and C is much longer than that of C bombardment. The present result suggests that the enhancement of the escape length could be the origin of this vicinage effect (i.e., Y nY) on the convoy electron yield.

Heat transfer coefficients model for SIMMER-III and SIMMER-IV

Brear, D. J.*; 近藤 悟; 曽我部 丞司; 飛田 吉春*; 神山 健司

JAEA-Research 2024-009, 134 Pages, 2024/10

JAEA-Research-2024-009.pdf:2.45MB

SIMMER-III/SIMMER-IVは液体金属高速炉の炉心崩壊事故(CDA)の解析に使用する計算コードである。CDAの事象進展は炉心物質間の熱伝達係数(HTC)により大きく影響される。溶融・固化、蒸発・凝縮といった質量移行現象も熱伝達により支配される。複雑な多相・多成分系においては、一つの流体成分と他の流体又は構造材表面との間での多数の異なるHTCを計算する必要がある。また、多相流の流動様式や構造材の配位に従って異なる伝熱モードを考慮する必要もある。結果として、各計算セルごとに数十のHTCが計算される。本報告書には、SIMMER-III/SIMMER-IVのHTCモデルの役割、選定したHTC相関式とその技術的背景、流動様式の取扱いとHTCの内挿方法、検証及び妥当性確認の成果概要を記載する。