In situ study of growth mechanism of germanene segregated through Ag(111) thin films by Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

寺澤 知潮; 勝部 大樹*; 矢野 雅大; 小澤 孝拓*; 津田 泰孝; 吉越 章隆; 朝岡 秀人; 鈴木 誠也

Chemistry of Materials, 38(6), p.2933 - 2945, 2026/03

AA2025-0822.pdf:1.33MB

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c03462

Germanene, a honeycomb lattice of Ge atoms, has attracted attention for next-generation electronics and as a topological material. Among reported synthesis routes, the segregation method enables reproducible monolayer germanene formation on Ag(111) through simply annealing an Ag(111) thin film on a Ge(111) substrate. Despite this success, the physical origins of its monolayer selectivity and the mechanism for suppressing competing Ge phases remain unclear. Here, we investigate germanene formation via Ge segregation using in situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to directly track Ge behavior during annealing and cooling. In situ observations revealed that annealing at 500C yielded no Ge-related byproducts, and the system reached a high-temperature surface equilibrium state, independent of the initial Ge amount. Cooling from this state produced a Ge-enriched surface that stabilizes the formation of monolayer germanene. In contrast, heating only to 300C produced three-dimensional Ge islands without Ge-enrichment, followed by Ge-Ag alloy formation upon subsequent cooling. By integrating the temperature-dependent diffusion length and the process-dependent diffusion direction, we established a unified description of Ge behavior on Ag/Ge(111) substrates, in which cooling-induced Ge-enrichment at the surface reproducibly stabilizes the selective formation of monolayer germanene.

Magnetoelastic coupling for Fe-Ga thin films epitaxially grown on different substrates

Ding, H.*; 伊藤 啓太*; 遠藤 恭*; 高梨 弘毅; 関 剛斎*

Journal of Physics D; Applied Physics, 57(38), p.385002_1 - 385002_10, 2024/09

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad58f0

This paper reports the systematic study on the structure, magnetic properties and magnetoelastic properties for the FeGa (001) thin films epitaxially grown on the different substrates of GaAs(001) and MgO(001) using the sputtering technique. The alloy composition dependence of effective magnetoelastic coupling coefficient B along the FeGa [110] direction indicated that the largest magnetoelastic coupling was obtained for the Fe-Ga layer with x = 30 grown on the MgO substrate. Considering the results of structural analysis and magnetization measurement, the different crystallite sizes depending on the kind of substrate may give rise to the different magnetoelastic coupling strengths between the Fe-Ga layers on the MgO and the GaAs. The magnetostriction along the FeGa [111] direction was also estimated with the assumption of plausible elastic property of Fe-Ga, and showed the values comparable to the reported value of bulk Fe-Ga. This means the large magnetostriction can be obtained even for the Fe-Ga thin films epitaxially grown not only on the GaAs(001) but also on the MgO(001). The findings in this work will give a guideline for designing spintronic applications with a Fe-Ga layer exhibiting a large magnetoelastic coupling.

Influence of epitaxial growth on spin current transmission of NiO films

山崎 匠*; 関 剛斎*; 窪田 崇秀*; 高梨 弘毅

Applied Physics Express, 16(8), p.083003_1 - 083003_4, 2023/08

https://doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/acecd5

We report the effect of the epitaxial growth of NiO films on its spin current transmission. Two sample series of Pt/NiO/CoFeB, including epitaxial and polycrystalline NiO, were prepared using different deposition conditions. The spin current transmission of NiO is evaluated using the thermo-spin effects in the trilayers. Epitaxial NiO exhibits a non-monotonic behavior in the NiO thickness dependence of spin current transmission, while this behavior is smeared out in polycrystalline NiO. The non-monotonic behavior implies the presence of multiple spin transport mechanisms, which becomes apparent with epitaxial growth.

Development plan for coupling technology between high temperature gas-cooled reactor HTTR and hydrogen production facility, 1; Overview of the HTTR heat application test plan to establish high safety coupling technology

野本 恭信; 水田 直紀; 守田 圭介; 青木 健; 沖田 将一朗; 石井 克典; 倉林 薫; 安田 貴則; 田中 真人; 井坂 和義; et al.

Proceedings of 30th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE30) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2023/05

JAEA initiated an HTTR heat application test plan to develop for coupling technology between HTGR and hydrogen production facility. The principal objective of this test plan is to establish the high safety coupling technology for coupling a hydrogen production facility to HTGR through the demonstration of a hydrogen production by the proven technology of methane steam reforming method utilizing the HTTR as a high temperature heat source. The other objective is to develop for coupling equipment such as a high temperature isolation valve, a helium gas circulator and a high temperature insulation pipe. This paper describes the overview of an HTTR heat application test plan such as a draft test schedule and test targets for the demonstration of a hydrogen production. This paper also presents basic specifications of an HTTR heat application test facility such as the HTTR modification strategy, overall system configuration and heat and mass balance at rated test operation for the demonstration of a hydrogen production. Furthermore, the operation plan during the normal start-up and shut-down processes is proposed.

Numerical simulation of sodium mist behavior in turbulent Rayleigh-Bnard convection using new developed mist models

大平 博昭*; 田中 正暁; 吉川 龍志; 江連 俊樹

Annals of Nuclear Energy, 172, p.109075_1 - 109075_10, 2022/07

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2022.109075

ナトリウム冷却高速炉(SFR)のカバーガス領域におけるミスト挙動を高精度で評価するため、混合気体のレイリー・ベナール対流(RBC)に対する乱流モデルを選定するとともに、ミストに対するレイノルズ平均数密度とミストの運動量方程式を開発し、OpenFOAMコードに組み込んだ。最初に、単純な並列チャネルのRBCを、Favre平均k-SSTモデルを使用して計算した。その結果、平均温度と流量特性はDNS, LES、および実験の結果とよく一致した。次に、本乱流モデルと新しく開発したミストモデルを用いて、SFRのカバーガス領域を模擬した熱伝達試験装置を計算した。その結果、計算された高さ方向の平均温度分布とミスト質量濃度が試験結果とよく一致した。本研究により、SFRのカバーガス領域において乱流RBC環境でのミスト挙動を高精度にシミュレートできる手法を開発した。

Effect of uranium deficiency on normal and superconducting properties in unconventional superconductor UTe

芳賀 芳範; Opletal, P.; 常盤 欣文; 山本 悦嗣; 徳永 陽; 神戸 振作; 酒井 宏典

Journal of Physics; Condensed Matter, 34(17), p.175601_1 - 175601_7, 2022/04

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/ac5201

Single crystals of the unconventional superconductor UTe have been grown in various conditions. Superconducting samples are nearly stoichiometric within an experimental error of about 1%, while non-superconducting sample significantly deviates from the ideal composition. The superconducting UTe showed that the large density of states was partially gapped in the normal state, while the non-superconducting sample is characterized by the relatively large electronic specific heat as reported previously.

Irradiation growth behavior of improved Zr-based alloys for fuel cladding

天谷 政樹; 垣内 一雄; 三原 武

Proceedings of International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference / Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (Global/Top Fuel 2019) (USB Flash Drive), p.1048 - 1056, 2019/09

New fuel cladding alloys of which composition was changed from conventional ones have been developed by nuclear fuel vendors and utilities. Since the irradiation growth of fuel cladding is one of the most important parameters which determine the dimensional stability of fuel rod and/or fuel assembly during normal operation, the irradiation growth behavior of the improved Zr-based alloys for light-water reactor fuel cladding was investigated. The coupon specimens were prepared from fuel cladding tubes with various kinds of improved Zr-based alloys. The specimens were loaded into test rigs and had been irradiated in the Halden reactor in Norway under several coolant temperature conditions up to a fast-neutron fluence of 7.810 (n/cm, E 1 MeV). Irradiation conditions such as specimen temperatures had been continuously monitored during the irradiation. During and after the irradiation, the amount of irradiation growth of each specimen was evaluated as a part of the interim and final inspections. The effect of the difference in alloy composition on the amount of irradiation growth seemed insignificant if the other conditions e.g. the final heat treatment condition at fabrication and the irradiation temperature were the same.

Evaluation of crack growth rates and microstructures near the crack tip of neutron-irradiated austenitic stainless steels in simulated BWR environment

知見 康弘; 笠原 茂樹; 瀬戸 仁史*; 橘内 裕寿*; 越石 正人*; 西山 裕孝

Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors, Vol.2, p.1039 - 1054, 2018/00

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68454-3_76

照射誘起応力腐食割れ(IASCC)による亀裂進展挙動を理解するため、中性子照射したオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の亀裂進展試験を実施して亀裂進展速度を評価し、亀裂先端における変形組織と酸化皮膜に着目したミクロ組織観察を実施した。供試材は1214dpaまで中性子照射した316Lステンレス鋼で、BWR模擬水質環境(約288C)下で亀裂進展試験を行った。また亀裂進展試験後、FEG-STEMを用いて亀裂先端のミクロ組織を観察した。試験の結果、腐食電位(ECP)の低減による亀裂進展抑制効果は、文献で示されている約2dpa以下の損傷量の低い材料と比較して顕著ではなかった。また1000時間以上高温水中に浸漬し、高ECPと低ECPの双方の環境に置かれた試験片の亀裂内には酸化物形成が認められたが、低ECP条件下のみを経験した亀裂先端近傍には酸化皮膜の形成がほとんど認められなかった。さらに、亀裂先端近傍には変形に伴う双晶組織が高密度に形成していた。これらの結果より、高損傷量のステンレス鋼の亀裂進展挙動において、局所変形と酸化が支配的な因子であることが示唆された。

Fatigue crack growth calculations for two adjacent surface cracks using combination rules in fitness-for-service codes

Lu, K.; Li, Y.

AIMS Materials Science, 4(2), p.439 - 451, 2017/03

https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2017.2.439

If multiple discrete cracks are detected in structural components, the combination rules provided in fitness-for-service (FFS) codes are employed to estimate the remaining lives of the components by fatigue crack growth (FCG) calculations. However, the specific criteria for combination rules prescribed by various FFS codes are different. This paper presents FCG calculations for two adjacent surface cracks in a flat plate using different combination criteria. Three different crack aspect ratios of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.5, and a nominal distance of 5 mm between the two cracks are investigated in the calculations. The results show that the FCG behaviors obtained by various codes are significantly different. In addition, the combination process of the two cracks is found to affect the crack shape development remarkably.

Fatigue lives of multiple flaws in accordance with combination rule

Lu, K.; Li, Y.; 長谷川 邦夫; Lacroix, V.*

Proceedings of 2016 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2016) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2016/07

https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2016-63483

When multiple flaws are detected in structural components, remaining lives of the components are estimated by fatigue flaw growth calculations using combination rules in fitness-for-service codes. ASME, BS7910 and FITNET Codes provide different combination rules. Fatigue flaw growth for adjacent surface flaws in a pipe subjected to cyclic tensile stress were obtained by numerical calculations using these different combination rules. In addition, fatigue lives taking into account interaction effect between the two flaws were conducted by extended finite element method (X-FEM). As the calculation results, it is found that the fatigue lives calculated by the X-FEM are close to those by the ASME Code. Finally, it is worth noticing that the combination rule provided by the ASME Code is appropriate for fatigue flaw growth calculations.