Hydrogen production using thermochemical water-splitting iodine-sulfur process test facility made of industrial structural materials; Engineering solutions to prevent iodine precipitation

Noguchi, Hiroki; Kamiji, Yu; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Takegami, Hiroaki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kasahara, Seiji; Myagmarjav, O.; Imai, Yoshiyuki; Kubo, Shinji

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(43), p.22328 - 22343, 2021/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.071

An iodine-sulfur process offers the potential for mass producing hydrogen with high-efficiency, and it uses high-temperature heat sources, including HTGR, solar heat, and waste heat of industries. R&D tasks are essential to confirm the integrity of the components that are made of industrial materials and the stability of hydrogen production in harsh working conditions. A test facility for producing hydrogen was constructed from corrosion-resistant components made of industrial materials. For stable hydrogen production, technical issues for instrumental improvements (i.e., stable pumping of the HIx solution, improving the quality control of glass-lined steel, prevention of I precipitation using a water removal technique in a Bunsen reactor) were solved. The entire process was successfully operated for 150 h at the rate of 30 L/h. The integrity of components and the operational stability of the hydrogen production facility in harsh working conditions were demonstrated.

Non-volcanic seismic swarm and fluid transportation driven by subduction of the Philippine Sea slab beneath the Kii Peninsula, Japan

Kato, Aitaro*; Saiga, Atsushi; Takeda, Tetsuya*; Iwasaki, Takaya*; Matsuzawa, Toru*

Earth, Planets and Space (Internet), 66, p.86_1 - 86_8, 2014/08

https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-5981-66-86

To understand the mechanism of an intensive non-volcanic seismic swarm in the Kii Peninsula, Japan, we used a dense seismic linear array to measure fine-scale variations of seismic velocities and converted teleseismic waves. A low-velocity anomaly confined to just beneath the seismic swarm area is clearly imaged, which spatially correlates with an uplifted surface area, and a highly conductive and strong attenuative body. These results suggest that fluids such as partial melt or water are present beneath this non-volcanic seismic swarm area. It is notable that the island arc Moho below the seismic swarm area is at depths of ca. 32 km in the northern part of the seismic swarm area, and shallows to ca. 20 km towards the south, due to an upwardly raised structure of serpentinized mantle wedge. In addition, we show that hydrated oceanic crust of the subducting Philippine Sea slab is characterized by low-velocities with a high Poisson's ratio at depths shallower than 40 km. Water released from the subducting oceanic crust could cause serpentinization of the mantle wedge and infiltration into the forearc base of the overlying plate. The interaction between dehydration of the subducting oceanic crust and hydration of the mantle wedge and overlying plate exerts an important role in driving the non-volcanic seismic swarm activity in the Kii Peninsula.

Selective separation of Am(III) from lanthanides(III) by solvent extraction with hydrophobic field of "superweak" anion

Naganawa, Hirochika; Suzuki, Hideya*; Noro, Junji*; Kimura, Takaumi

Chemical Communications, (23), p.2963 - 2965, 2005/06

A "superweak" anion, TFPB-, gives rise to a field effect on the selectivity for Am over Ln in their extraction from aqueous HNO solution into benzene containing a "hard donor" extractant that shows no selectivity for these metal ions in traditional solvent extraction.

Hydrogen and hydration in proteins and nucleic acids; Neutron diffraction from bio-macromolecules at JAERI

Niimura, Nobuo; Arai, Shigeki; Kurihara, Kazuo; Chatake, Toshiyuki*; Tanaka, Ichiro*; Bau, R.*

Hydrogen- and Hydration-Sensitive Structural Biology, p.17 - 35, 2005/00

At the JAERI, we have constructed several high-resolution neutron diffractometers dedicated to biological macromolecules (called BIX-type diffractometers), which use a monochromatized neutron beam and a neutron imaging plate detector. In this paper, we review several interesting results regarding hydrogen positions and hydration in proteins, obtained using the two BIX-type diffractometers in JAERI. The general subject of neutron protein crystallography has been reviewed by several authors, and several selected topics have been discussed.

Neutron crystallographic study on rubredoxin from by BIX-3, a single-crystal diffractometer for biomacromolecules

Kurihara, Kazuo; Tanaka, Ichiro*; Chatake, Toshiyuki*; Adams, M. W. W.*; Jenney, F. E. Jr.*; Moiseeva, N.*; Bau, R.*; Niimura, Nobuo

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(31), p.11215 - 11220, 2004/08

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403807101

The structure of a rubredoxin (Rd) from , an organism that grows optimally at 100 C, was determined using the neutron single-crystal diffractometer for biological macromolecules (BIX-3) at the JRR-3 reactor of JAERI. Data were collected at room temperature up to a resolution of 1.5 , and the completeness of the data set was 81.9 %. The model contains 306 H atoms and 50 D atoms. A total of 37 hydration water molecules were identified. The model has been refined to final agreement factors of = 18.6 % and = 21.7 %. Several orientations of the O-D bonds of side chains, whose assignments from X-ray data were previously ambiguous, were clearly visible in the neutron structure. While most backbone N-H bonds had undergone some degree of H/D exchange throughout the molecule, five H atom positions still had distinctly negative (H) peaks. The neutron Fourier maps clearly showed the details of an extensive set of H bonds involving the ND terminus that may contribute to the unusual thermostability of this molecule.

High performance neutron diffractometer for biomacromolecules

Niimura, Nobuo; Kurihara, Kazuo; Tanaka, Ichiro

Kagaku, 59(2), p.46 - 47, 2004/02

no abstracts in English

Neutron diffraction study on the structure of rubredoxin from it Pyrococcus furiosus

Kurihara, Kazuo; Tanaka, Ichiro; Adams, M. W. W.*; Jenney, F. E. Jr.*; Moiseeva, N.*; Bau, R.*; Niimura, Nobuo

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol.70, Supplement A, p.400 - 402, 2001/05

With the new single-crystal diffractometer BIX-3 at the JRR-3M reactor of JAERI, a single-crystal neutron diffraction analysis of the structure of the small protein rubredoxin from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus is currently under way. Data were collected at room temperature up to a resolution of 1.5 intervals in and exposure times ranging from 60 to 77 minutes per frame. The completeness factor of the 1.5-. Included in the refinement are 301 hydrogen atoms and 40 deuterium atoms, and 29 water molecules were also identified. In the present model, the current value for R and R are 24.0 and 26.3 , respectively.

Generation of Cd in X-irradiated frozed aqueous solutions; Similar hydration shells for Cd and Cd species

Fujimura, Takashi; L.Kevan*

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 19(6), p.435 - 437, 1982/00

no abstracts in English

Deceleration process of Auger electrons in liquid water calculated by a dynamic Monte Carlo method for prediction of DNA damage induction

Kai, Takeshi; Yokoya, Akinari; Ukai, Masatoshi*; Fujii, Kentaro; Watanabe, Ritsuko

no journal, , 

Countermeasures against piping and erosion of bentonite buffer; Piping inhibition due to pre-hydration

Shirase, Mitsuyasu*; Ishii, Tomoko*; Kobayashi, Ichizo*; Jo, Mayumi*; Ono, Makoto*; Nakayama, Masashi

no journal, , 

A candidate emplacement concept of the engineered barrier system (EBS) for geological disposal in Japan is vertical emplacement option, which has a certain gap is between the wall of the disposal hole and the buffer material. This gap is considered to be filled with the swollen buffer material (self-sealing function) when the underground water is infiltrated to the buffer material. However, some underground water flow conditions such as a pipe-shaped water channel induce erosion of the buffer material, which causes lowering of the function of the EBS. Therefore, RWMC (Radioactive Waste Management Funding and Research Center) studies engineering countermeasures against piping and erosion. RWMC used an intentional water supply system to test the pre-hydration of bentonite buffers.