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Suyama, Kenya
Kaku Deta Nyusu (Internet), (140), p.13 - 19, 2025/02
A workshop on EXFOR (Exchange Format), a measured nuclear reaction data database, was held in November 2024. This report provides an overview of the workshop and its results.
Tazaki, Makiko; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Suda, Kazunori
JAEA-Review 2024-041, 88 Pages, 2024/11
JAEA-Review-2024-041.pdf:2.83MB
As part of the "Research on factor analysis and technical processes for achieving denuclearization", Investigation and analysis on Iran's nuclear development and denuclearization was conducted. Before Islamic Revolution, Iran pursued nuclear weapon related programs, however, the program was temporarily halted due to the Revolution. On the other hand, during the Iran-Iraq War, Iran was attacked by chemical weapons from Iraq, and it could not receive the response it wanted from the international community, so the Iran decided to pursue secret nuclear weapon program. In 2002, Iranian dissidents exposed Iran's clandestine nuclear activities, so the Iran seemed to have focused more on maintaining its uranium enrichment activities, rather than developing nuclear weapons. Since then, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom have been working to resolve the Iran's nuclear issues through diplomatic negotiations. In 2006, the US, Russia and PRC joined negotiations and in 2015, an agreement was reached with Iran as "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)". The lessons learned from Iran's denuclearization are that there are needs for momentum toward denuclearization in the international community as well as concord and cooperation among the five nuclear-weapon states. In addition, not only the effective use of sanctions including the clear condition of its lifting, but also keeping guarantees for the peaceful use of nuclear energy should not be undermined.
Fukahori, Tokio
Kaku Deta Nyusu (Internet), (137), p.1 - 10, 2024/02
At the request of the EC/Joint Research Center, the author attended on an EU-sponsored side event "Providing the best nuclear data for tomorrow's nuclear solutions: challenges and opportunities" held simultaneously at the IAEA 67th General Conference as a panelist. Presented were the prospects for nuclear data activities in Japan and discussed the sustainability and revitalization of nuclear data activities. In addition, based on the roundtable discussion at this side event, the Nuclear Data Section held a meeting consisting mainly of panelists to consider future responses. In this article, I would like to report on the side event and subsequent follow-up meetings and discuss the background of these meetings.
Kobayashi, Naoki
Enerugi Rebyu, 43(11), p.18 - 21, 2023/10
no abstracts in English
Tada, Kenichi
Kaku Deta Nyusu (Internet), (135), p.1 - 10, 2023/06
This article summarizes presentations at the IAEA technical meeting on nuclear data processing. In this technical meeting, the current development status of nuclear data processing codes and comparisons of the processing results using these codes were presented.
Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tamai, Hiroshi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori
JAEA-Review 2022-020, 82 Pages, 2022/09
JAEA-Review-2022-020.pdf:2.14MB
As part of the "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Processes for Achieving Denuclearization" started in 2018, comprehensive survey of nuclear development and denuclearization of Iraq was conducted, together with analysis of the characteristics and lessons learned from the denuclearization. Iraq's clandestine nuclear weapon related activities were initially focused on plutonium production, but it then switched its focus on producing highly enriched uranium, and built various facilities, including electromagnetic isotope separation (EMIS) and centrifuge uranium enrichment facilities. Denuclearization of Iraq began with the defeat in the 1991 Gulf War, which forced Iraq to accept United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) that year. The Resolution set out a framework for destruction, removal, or rendering harmless of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs. Within the framework, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), with the support and cooperation of the newly established United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM), had verified Iraq's past nuclear activities and denuclearization. Characteristics of Iraq's denuclearization include that 1) Iraq had no choice but to accept denuclearization, 2) IAEA was empowered to implement detectable inspection measures and methods, which later came to fruition as the IAEA Safeguards Agreement Additional Protocol (AP), 3) economic sanctions for the purpose of promoting denuclearization of Iraq were not very successful, and 4) denuclearization of Iraq and subsequent Iraq war, together with collapse of the Hussein regime, has affected the denuclearization of Libya, North Korea and Iraq. Furthermore, the lessons learned from the denuclearization are 1) the need for universalization of AP, and necessities for 2) economic sanctions that are suitable for the original purposes without being abused, 3) the need for diplomatic efforts including denuclearization frameworks and measures with a clear roadmap
Tamai, Hiroshi
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO
, 64(8), p.465 - 467, 2022/08
Though nuclear safety and nuclear security share the same goal of protecting the public and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, their response actions may have differences, especially during transport, where protection could be vulnerable. The interface between them is a major issue. In December 2021, with the aim of complementarily strengthening nuclear safety and nuclear security in the transportation of radioactive materials IAEA published a related technical report and held an international conference. The outline of the technical report and the international conference is introduced.
Meguro, Yoshihiro
Kiho Enerugi Sogo Kogaku, 45(2), p.1 - 7, 2022/07
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has decided to terminate operation and decommission about half of its nuclear facilities during the third mid-to-long term period. In line with this decision, JAEA has been developing policies and plans for back-end measures such as decommissioning of these facilities and radioactive waste management, and has compiled and published the back-end roadmap and the medium- to-long term plan for the facilities, respectively. In April 2021, the back-end measures were reviewed by the IAEA's ARTEMIS review service, and eight international experts evaluated the back-end measures developed by JAEA and provided many useful recommendations and suggestions for the future promotion of the measures. In this paper, an overview of the ARTEMIS review, the results of the evaluation and the recommendations are be presented.
Tamai, Hiroshi; Tazaki, Makiko; Shimizu, Ryo; Kimura, Takashi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori
JAEA-Review 2021-073, 19 Pages, 2022/03
JAEA-Review-2021-073.pdf:1.51MB
As a part of "Research on Factor Analysis and Technical Process for Achieving Denuclearisation", investigation on Libya's cases of nuclear development and denuclearisation, and analysis of its characteristics have been conducted. Libya had been suspected that dictator Qadaffi had an interest in the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) since early 1970s after his revolution. US and UK intelligence were focusing on Libya's situation; however, actual status was not revealed for a long time. In 1980s, Libya faced to economic exhaustion due to sanctions from the international community against Libya's supporting terrorism. Libya decided to abandon WMD development and its denuclearisation in early 2000s. Several factors to prompt Libya's decisions can be highlighted; economic sanctions; witnessing regime collapse of President Hussein due to Iraq War who aimed at WMD; revealing secret procurement of centrifuge equipment through the inspection of German-flagged ships by US. Libya's denuclearisation was rapidly implemented to prevent Libya from reverting to nuclear development through well-coordinated roles among main players, quick decisions by Libyan side, and warning effect of Iraqi case. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) played a central role in the verification of all related facilities and activities in Libya. Through safeguards activities beyond those permitted by Additional Protocol (AP), IAEA evaluated the whole Libya's nuclear programme. The denuclearisation was successfully completed by removal of nuclear materials and related equipment from Libya. It was also revealed that Libya's technological capabilities had not well developed to utilize procured materials and equipment. Libya's case is regarded in the international community as a good practice of denuclearisation. On the other hand, Qadaffi administration was overthrown by the democratisation movement that occurred after denuclearisation. It might be understood as a miserable end
Tamai, Hiroshi
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 63(9), p.677 - 678, 2021/09
The International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, has issued a technical report on national approaches to the interface between nuclear safety and nuclear security, which is essential for strengthening through mutual complementation. The report aims to provide Member States with insights on good practices, each of which is important in coordinating the interface. Those are states' experiences in (i) legal and regulatory framework, (ii) nuclear installations, (iii) radioactive sources and associated facilities and activities, (iv) management systems and nuclear safety and nuclear security culture, (v) emergency preparedness and response, and common issues in cross-cutting field.
Fukui, Yasuhito
Biographical Dictionary of Secretaries-General of International Organizations (Internet), 5 Pages, 2020/09
Mr. Yukiya Amano, former director general of IAEA died in July 2019. In order to register in the dictionary of the heads of the international organisations, the author wrote his biography starting from his childhood, university days, the days of the director general of IAEA.
Suda, Kazunori; Kimura, Takashi
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 62(6), p.334 - 338, 2020/06
Amid growing concerns about potential nuclear terrorism, discussions have been conducted internationally to strengthen the nuclear security. In this series, we will explain the efforts of the international community to strengthen the nuclear security and the reflection of the treaty for the nuclear security and the IAEA nuclear security recommendations in the domestic laws.
Tamai, Hiroshi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori
Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Dai-40-Kai Nenji Taikai Puroshideingusushu, p.89 - 92, 2019/11
Libya's denuclearisation, named "the Libya model", is regarded as one of good practices in cooperation of the international community and measures that have a sense of speed with the countries and institutions involved. Success factors of the denuclearisation are the Libya's relatively low technological progress despite the procurement of extensive nuclear materials and components due to the delay of detecting the nuclear programme, prompt implementation with the close collaboration of countries concerned, and Libya's cooperation facing to the economic sanctions and the regime collapse by the Iraq war. Precious lessons will be learned towards the prevention and the denuclearisation in other countries.
Tada, Kenichi
Kaku Deta Nyusu (Internet), (122), p.9 - 21, 2019/02
This paper reports the overview of the technical meeting of nuclear data processing in IAEA to Japanese researchers. In this technical meeting, the current status of nuclear data processing codes and verification of them are described.
Kono, Yuko
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 61(2), P. 150, 2019/02
no abstracts in English
Tamai, Hiroshi; Tazaki, Makiko; Suda, Kazunori
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 60(1), p.25 - 29, 2018/01
IAEA Low Enriched Uranium Bank, which is one of international management initiatives of nuclear materials operated by IAEA, will be realized soon. During increasing concern on proliferation risk of sensitive nuclear technologies as well as in this century the potential acquisition by terrorists, the IAEA bank will offer the fuel assurance aiming at decreasing incentive for acquiring those sensitive technologies. Throughout the argument on the criteria for the fuel supply, the bank site and its requirement have been established and will be in operation next year. The background, significance, and development of this initiative are described.
Tamai, Hiroshi; Okubo, Ayako; Kimura, Yoshiki; Shinohara, Nobuo; Tazaki, Makiko; Shimizu, Ryo; Suda, Kazunori; Tomikawa, Hirofumi
Proceedings of INMM 58th Annual Meeting (Internet), 6 Pages, 2017/07
Nuclear forensics is a technical measure to analyse and collate samples of illegally used nuclear materials, etc., to clarify their origins, routes, etc. and contribute to criminal identifications. Close collaboration with police and judicial organizations is essential. The national response framework is being built up with international cooperation. Discussions on promoting technical capability and regional cooperation are presented.
Tamai, Hiroshi
Hiroshima Repoto 2017-Nen Ban; Kakugunshuku, Kakufukakusan, Kakusekyuritei O Meguru 2016-Nen No Doko, p.163 - 165, 2017/03
The series of Nuclear Security Summit, initiated by President Barack Obama, was held biennially, four times since 2010, and played an important role in promoting international efforts to enhance nuclear security. Despite Russia's refusal to participate in the fourth meeting, these summit-level meetings have gained both international and domestic attention, which have led to remarkable improvements in the field of nuclear security of each participating country. Therefore, there is an urgent need to take continuous measures to keep this momentum alive even after the final Nuclear Security Summit concluded in 2016. The challenges in strengthening nuclear security, prospects in the post-Nuclear Security Summit phase, as well as efforts and measures that Japan should pursue are investigated.
Yamaguchi, Mika
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 58(12), P. 759, 2016/12
The Japan Nuclear Human Resource Development Network, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, the University of Tokyo, and the Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, JAIF International Cooperation Center and Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center had held the "Japan-IAEA Joint Nuclear Energy Management school 2016" to develop future leaders who plan and manage nuclear energy utilization in cooperation with IAEA from July 11 to 27, 2016 in Japan. Through the school, we contributed to the internationalization of Japanese young nuclear professionals, development of nuclear human resource of other countries including nuclear newcomers, and enhanced cooperative relationship between IAEA and Japan.
Saito, Hiroshi
JAEA-Review 2016-009, 80 Pages, 2016/07
JAEA-Review-2016-009.pdf:8.28MB
Environmental remediation has been conducted in closed Ningyo-toge Uranium Mine, after decades of mine-related activities. During the remediation, whole procedure, priority, necessary investigations and specific methods have been examined, and issues are clarified which should be solved in the future. For that, it has been recommended that opinions are exchanged among specialists in related fields overseas, and information and their experience are referred. As part of the activities, Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center has been involved continuously in IAEA ENVIRONET, multinational network for environmental remediation. Also, bonds are tightened among participants and IAEA by exchanging opinions and sharing the issues. In parallel, literature survey has been conducted to supplement the information obtained through ENVIRONET and to clarify additionally-required information and targeted sites. The expected information are obtained from the site-visits and now being organized.
