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Endo, Akira
ESI-News, 43(2), p.37 - 41, 2025/04
The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) published ICRU Report 95 in 2020, revising the operational quantities for external exposure. This article provides an overview of the developments in the discussions within the ICRU, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and experts from Japan, and explores the background and process that led the ICRU to revise the operational quantities, as well as future responses and challenges. The article aims to enhance the understanding of the experts of the new operational quantities and to contribute to their smooth implementation in the future.
Endo, Akira
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 200(13), p.1266 - 1273, 2024/08
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.00(Environmental Sciences)This study examines the relationship between ambient dose 
, ambient dose equivalent 
, and effective dose for external neutron irradiation over 163 operational spectra from different workplaces. The results show that provides a reasonable estimate with a controlled margin, even if overestimated, to assess effective dose compared with , which can lead to a significant overestimation or underestimation of effective dose depending on the neutron spectra. The results highlight the limitations of and the superiority of in estimating effective dose according to the requirements of the operational quantity, especially in environments with high-energy neutrons.
Endo, Akira
JAEA-Research 2024-002, 90 Pages, 2024/05
JAEA-Research-2024-002.pdf:4.22MB
This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between three quantities used for area monitoring - ambient dose equivalent , maximum dose equivalent 
, and ambient dose - and effective dose for external irradiation by photons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, protons, muons, pions, and helium ions. For the analysis, calculations were performed using PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) and the ICRU sphere. The analysis result shows that and can induce large differences in the estimation of effective dose over a wide energy range for various particle types covered by ICRP Publication 116 while can conservatively estimate effective dose within the acceptable range for area monitoring. In other words, and have limitations in estimating effective dose, and using is recommended as a more appropriate quantity for the purpose. This conclusion supports the proposal of ICRU Report 95 to use for estimating effective dose in various external exposure situations. The use of ambient dose is particularly important in situations where various types of radiation are encountered, such as the use of radiation in the medical and academic fields and exposure in aviation and can meet the evolving requirements of radiation monitoring for the expansion of the field of radiological protection.
Endo, Akira
no journal, ,
The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), an international organization dedicated to providing internationally accepted recommendations on radiation-related quantities and units, has published ICRU Report 95, which revises the operational quantities for external radiation monitoring in 2020. This presentation will review the evolution of the discussions among the ICRU, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and national and international experts that led to the revision of the operational quantities, and will highlight key points of consideration in the preparation of the ICRU Report 95. This presentation will deepen the understanding of the new operational quantities and enable their smooth implementation in the future.
Yoshitomi, Hiroshi; Tsuji, Tomoya; Nishino, Sho; Fukami, Tomoyo; Tanimura, Yoshihiko
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
