Observation of the structure and dynamics of water in aqueous alkaline chloride solutions under gigapascal pressure by neutron scattering

Jing, Z.*; Yamaguchi, Toshio*; Hattori, Takanori; Yamada, Takeshi*; Tamatsukuri, Hiromu; Matsuura, Masato*; Zhou, Y.*

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters (Internet), 17(29), p.8419 - 8428, 2026/07

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6c01411

We conducted high-pressure neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering on a series of aqueous alkaline chloride solutions and clarified that the pressure- and ion-induced modifications to the water structure and diffusion originate from distinct physical mechanisms. Applying gigapascal pressure transforms the tetrahedral hydrogen-bonded network structure of water into a dense random packing, due to the collapse of the second and third coordination shells and an increase in the number of interstitial water molecules, regardless of the ion species. On the contrary, dissolved ions disturb the second shell but preserve the inherent tetrahedral network structure of water at ambient pressure. The anomalous trend of water diffusion from Li to Cs under the ambient conditions disappears under the gigapascal pressure, and all the ions show a behavior of structure-making ions.

Development of a non-destructive carbon quantification method in iron by negative muon lifetime measurement

Ninomiya, Kazuhiko*; Kubo, Kenya*; Inagaki, Makoto*; Yoshida, Go*; Takeshita, Soshi*; Tampo, Motonobu*; Shimomura, Koichiro*; Kawamura, Naritoshi*; Strasser, P.*; Miyake, Yasuhiro*; et al.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 333(7), p.3445 - 3450, 2024/07

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-023-09289-2

Pressure-modulated magnetism and negative thermal expansion in the HoFe intermetallic compound

Cao, Y.*; Zhou, H.*; Khmelevskyi, S.*; Lin, K.*; Avdeev, M.*; Wang, C.-W.*; Wang, B.*; Hu, F.*; Kato, Kenichi*; Hattori, Takanori; et al.

Chemistry of Materials, 35(8), p.3249 - 3255, 2023/04

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00158

Hydrostatic and chemical pressure are efficient stimuli to alter the crystal structure and are commonly used for tuning electronic and magnetic properties in materials science. However, chemical pressure is difficult to quantify and a clear correspondence between these two types of pressure is still lacking. Here, we study intermetallic candidates for a permanent magnet with a negative thermal expansion (NTE). Based on in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, negative chemical pressure is revealed in HoFe on Al doping and quantitatively evaluated by using temperature and pressure dependence of unit cell volume. A combination of magnetization and neutron diffraction measurements also allowed one to compare the effect of chemical pressure on magnetic ordering with that of hydrostatic pressure. Intriguingly, pressure can be used to control suppression and enhancement of NTE. Electronic structure calculations indicate that pressure affected the top of the majority band with respect to the Fermi level, which has implications for the magnetic stability, which in turn plays a critical role in modulating magnetism and NTE. This work presents a good example of understanding the effect of pressure and utilizing it to control properties of functional materials.

Status of the J-PARC RF-driven H ion source

Oguri, Hidetomo; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Shinto, Katsuhiro; Shibata, Takanori*; Nammo, Kesao*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*; Takagi, Akira*; Ueno, Akira

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011008_1 - 011008_7, 2021/03

https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSCP.33.011008

A cesiated RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source was initiated to operate in September, 2014 in response to the need for upgrading J-PARC's linac beam current. The ion source mainly comprises a stainless-steel plasma chamber, a beam extractor and a large vacuum chamber equipped with two turbo molecular pumps, each having the pumping speed of 1500 L/s, for differential pumping. The user operation was started with the beam current of 33 mA from the ion source. We gradually increased both beam current and continuous operation time of the ion source. In July, 2018 (Run#79), approximately 2,200 hours operation was achieved with the typical beam current, pulse length and repetition rate of 47 mA, 300 s and 25 Hz, respectively. Since October, 2018 (Run#80), the ion source has been delivering a nominal beam current of approximately 60 mA.

Morphology change of CeO thin film induced by He precipitation

Serizawa, Hiroyuki; Yamamoto, Shunya*; Yasunaga, Kazushi*

QST-M-2; QST Takasaki Annual Report 2015, P. 68, 2017/03

https://repo.qst.go.jp/records/73804

Recent investigation examined by JAEA showed that a gas bubble bounded by facets is formed in UO during a process of a precipitation of helium followed by injection with HIP. The interest phenomena they found is that the shape of the negative crystal changes depending on the inner pressure of cavity, which implies that the shape of the cavity can be transformed by controlling the condition of helium release followed by the injection. This paper addresses the detailed observation of the gas bubble formation in the thin film using STEM.

Conceptual proposal of new detection method for unauthorized removal from glovebox

Nakamura, Hironobu; Tanigawa, Masafumi; Mukai, Yasunobu; Nakamichi, Hideo; Umino, Yoshinori; Fujisaku, Sakae; Kimura, Takashi; Kurita, Tsutomu

Proceedings of INMM 56th Annual Meeting (Internet), 8 Pages, 2015/07

In the MOX handling facilities, many types and amount of nuclear materials (NM) that are relatively easy to access are used in a GB. In order to prevent unauthorized removal of NM from the GB by an insider, based on the Japanese regulation which was referred from INFCIRC/225 Rev.5, the 2 person rule are being introduced at the area where NM handling GB are installed. As an example of usage of the security counterplan for the detection of unauthorized removal of NM, a new proposal of detection concept for the unauthorized removal by operators were investigated with implementation of several experiments considering actual GB operation. In general, it is considered that normal concept is to use radiation monitor ( or neutron) to detect the event by checking the variation of monitoring data. However, it is thought that distinguish between authorized NM movement during operation and the unauthorized removal (sample bag-out from GB) is very difficult. To solve this subject, JAEA studied and proposes a new concept about negative pressure monitoring in the GB in addition to the radiation monitoring. It is thought that the hybrid monitoring concept between pressure and radiation provides the detection alarm for it with central alarm station (CAS) accurately and rapidly with high integrity, and helps to complement current 2 person rule.

Progress of neutral beam injection system on JT-60U for long pulse operation

Ikeda, Yoshitaka; NBI Heating Group; NCT Design Team

Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 49, p.S43 - S47, 2006/12

There are two type of NBI systems on JT-60U. One is the positive ion-based NBI (P-NBI) to inject the beam energy of 80-85 kV. The other is the negative ion-based NBI (N-NBI) at the beam energy more than 350 keV. Recently the pulse duration of NBI system was required to extend up to 30 sec so as to study long pulse plasmas. The four P-NBI units, which tangentially inject neutral beam to plasma, were modified to extend the pulse duration up to 30 sec with 2 MW/unit at 85 keV. The seven P-NBI units, each of which perpendicularly injects for 10 sec, were conducted to operate in series for the total pulse duration of 30 sec. The ion source of the N-NBI unit was also modified to reduce the heat load of the grid for 30 sec operation. The pulse duration was extended up to 25 sec, 1 MW at the beam energy of 350keV. In the next step, further pulse extension of NBI up to 100 sec is planned for the modified JT-60U with superconducting coils (so called NCT). This paper reports the recent progress of the NBI system on JT-60U and the design study of the upgraded NBI system for NCT.

Operation of the electrostatic accelerators

Mizuhashi, Kiyoshi; Uno, Sadanori; Okoshi, Kiyonori; Chiba, Atsuya; Yamada, Keisuke; Saito, Yuichi; Ishii, Yasuyuki; Sakai, Takuro; Sato, Takahiro; Yokota, Wataru; et al.

JAEA-Review 2005-001, TIARA Annual Report 2004, P. 371, 2006/01

https://jopss.jaea.go.jp/pdfdata/JAEA-Review-2005-001-p0001-p0126.pdf

no abstracts in English

Experimental study on spatial uniformity of H ion beam in a large negative ion source

Hanada, Masaya; Seki, Takayoshi*; Takado, Naoyuki*; Inoue, Takashi; Morishita, Takatoshi; Mizuno, Takatoshi*; Hatayama, Akiyoshi*; Imai, Tsuyoshi*; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Sakamoto, Keishi; et al.

Fusion Engineering and Design, 74(1-4), p.311 - 317, 2005/11

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.259

no abstracts in English

R&D on a high energy accelerator and a large negative ion source for ITER

Inoue, Takashi; Taniguchi, Masaki; Morishita, Takatoshi; Dairaku, Masayuki; Hanada, Masaya; Imai, Tsuyoshi*; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Sakamoto, Keishi; Seki, Takayoshi*; Watanabe, Kazuhiro

Nuclear Fusion, 45(8), p.790 - 795, 2005/08

https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/45/8/004

The R&D of a 1 MeV accelerator and a large negative ion source has been carried out at JAERI for the ITER NB system. The R&D is in progress at present toward: (1) 1 MeV acceleration of H ion beams at the ITER relevant current density of 200 A/m, and (2) improvement of uniform negative ion production over wide extraction area in large negative ion sources. Recently, H ion beams of 1 MeV, 140 mA level have been generated with a substantial beam current density (100 A/m). In the uniformity study, it has been clarified that electron temperature in the ion extraction region is locally high ( 1 eV), which resulted in destruction of negative ions at a high reaction rate. Interception of fast electrons leaking through a transverse magnetic field called "magnetic filter" has been found effective to lower the local electron temperature, followed by an improvement of negative ion beam profile.