IV.各種環境での電気化学測定; 原子力I(原子力プラント環境下における電気化学測定)

上野 文義

材料と環境, 68(1), p.2 - 8, 2019/01

https://doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.68.2

軽水炉(BWR, PWR)の冷却水の水質を適切に管理することは、構造材料の腐食や放射性腐食生成物の発生を低減するために重要である。そのため、電気化学測定法を用いた水質のモニタリングが必要である。本稿では、BWRにおけるECP測定の適用を中心に、軽水炉の水質と電気化学測定の必要性について述べる。

ROSA/LSTF test on nitrogen gas behavior during reflux condensation in PWR and RELAP5 code analyses

竹田 武司; 大津 巌

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 5(4), p.18-00077_1 - 18-00077_14, 2018/08

https://doi.org/10.1299/mej.18-00077

We conducted an experiment focusing on nitrogen gas behavior during reflux condensation in PWR with ROSA/LSTF. The primary pressure was lower than 1 MPa under constant core power of 0.7% of volumetric-scaled (1/48) PWR nominal power. Steam generator (SG) secondary-side collapsed liquid level was maintained at certain liquid level above SG U-tube height. Nitrogen gas was injected stepwise into each SG inlet plenum at certain constant amount. The primary pressure and degree of subcooling of SG U-tubes were largely dependent on amount of nitrogen gas accumulated in SG U-tubes. Nitrogen gas accumulated from outlet towards inlet of SG U-tubes. Non-uniform flow behavior was observed among SG U-tubes with nitrogen gas ingress. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code indicated remaining problems in predictions of the primary pressure and degree of subcooling of SG U-tubes depending on number of nitrogen gas injection. We studied further non-uniform flow behavior through sensitivity analyses.

Data report of ROSA/LSTF experiment SB-PV-07; 1% Pressure vessel top break LOCA with accident management actions and gas inflow

竹田 武司

JAEA-Data/Code 2018-003, 60 Pages, 2018/03

JAEA-Data-Code-2018-003.pdf:3.68MB

LSTFを用いた実験(実験番号:SB-PV-07)が2005年6月9日に行われた。SB-PV-07実験では、PWRの1%圧力容器頂部小破断冷却材喪失事故を模擬した。このとき、高圧注入(HPI)系の全故障と蓄圧注入(ACC)タンクから一次系への非凝縮性ガス(窒素ガス)の流入を仮定した。実験では、上部ヘッドに形成される水位が破断流量に影響を与えることを見出した。一番目のアクシデントマネジメント(AM)策として、手動による両ループのHPI系から低温側配管への冷却材の注入を炉心出口最高温度が623Kに到達した時点で開始した。炉心出口温度の応答が遅くかつ緩慢であるため、燃料棒表面温度は大きく上昇した。AM策に従い、炉心水位が回復して炉心はクエンチした。また、二番目のAM策として、両ループの蒸気発生器(SG)逃し弁開放によるSG二次側減圧を一次系圧力が4MPaに低下した時点で開始したが、SG二次側圧力が一次系圧力に低下するまで一次系減圧に対して有効とならなかった。ACCタンクから窒素ガスの流入開始後、一次系とSG二次側の圧力差が大きくなった。本報告書は、SB-PV-07実験の手順、条件および実験で観察された主な結果をまとめたものである。

ROSA/LSTF test and RELAP5 analyses on PWR cold leg small-break LOCA with accident management measure and PKL counterpart test

竹田 武司; 大津 巌

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 49(5), p.928 - 940, 2017/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2017.03.004

An experiment using PKL was performed for the OECD/NEA PKL-3 Project as a counterpart to a previous test with LSTF on a cold leg small-break loss-of-coolant accident with an accident management measure in a PWR. The rate of steam generator secondary-side depressurization was controlled to achieve a primary depressurization rate of 200 K/h as a common test condition. In both tests, rapid recovery started in the core collapsed liquid level after loop seal clearing. Some discrepancies appeared between the LSTF and PKL test results for the core collapsed liquid level, the cladding surface temperature, and the primary pressure. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code indicated a remaining problem in the prediction of primary coolant distribution. Results of uncertainty analysis for the LSTF test clarified the influences of the combination of multiple uncertain parameters on peak cladding temperature within the defined uncertain ranges.

A Modelling study on water radiolysis for primary coolant in PWR

向井 悟*; 梅原 隆司*; 塙 悟史; 笠原 茂樹; 西山 裕孝

Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Water Chemistry of Nuclear Reactor Systems (NPC 2016) (USB Flash Drive), 9 Pages, 2016/10

日本のPWRでは、水の放射線分解抑制のために、一次冷却材中の溶存水素濃度は2535cc/kg-HOの範囲に制御されている。しかし、日本では被ばく低減の観点から、溶存水素濃度の低下を目指している。そこで、溶存水素濃度を低下したときの一次冷却材中の放射線分解生成物の濃度について、線,高速中性子、及びB(n,)Li反応によるアルファ線を考慮した放射線分解モデルにより評価した。その結果、溶存水素濃度が5cc/kg-HOに低下しても放射線分解が抑制されることが示された。異なるG値と主要反応の速度定数がHOとOの濃度に及ぼす影響を水素注入条件下で調べるとともに、ホウ酸水中でのアルファ線による放射線分解の影響にも注目した。

Data report of ROSA/LSTF experiment SB-HL-12; 1% Hot leg break LOCA with SG depressurization and gas inflow

竹田 武司

JAEA-Data/Code 2015-022, 58 Pages, 2016/01

JAEA-Data-Code-2015-022.pdf:3.31MB

LSTFを用いた実験(実験番号: SB-HL-12)が1998年2月24日に行われた。SB-HL-12実験では、PWRの1%高温側配管小破断冷却材喪失事故を模擬した。このとき、高圧注入系の全故障とともに、蓄圧注入系(ACC)タンクからの非凝縮性ガス(窒素ガス)の流入を仮定した。また、アクシデントマネジメント(AM)策として両ループの蒸気発生器(SG)逃し弁全開による減圧を燃料棒表面最高温度が600Kに到達直後に開始した。一回目のボイルオフによる炉心露出に起因したAM策開始後、一次系圧力は低下したため、炉心二相混合水位は上昇し、燃料棒表面温度は635Kまでの上昇にとどまった。低温側配管内でのACC水と蒸気の凝縮に誘発されたループシールクリアリング(LSC)前に、二回目のボイルオフによる炉心露出が生じた。LSC後速やかに炉心水位は回復し、燃料棒表面温度は696Kまでの上昇にとどまった。窒素ガスの流入開始後、一次系とSG二次側の圧力差が大きくなった。SG伝熱管でのリフラックス凝縮時に、三回目のボイルオフによる炉心露出が生じ、燃料棒表面最高温度が908Kを超えた。本報告書は、SB-HL-12実験の手順、条件および実験で観察された主な結果をまとめたものである。

ROSA/LSTF experiment on a PWR station blackout transient with accident management measures and RELAP5 analyses

竹田 武司; 大津 巌

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 2(5), p.15-00132_1 - 15-00132_15, 2015/10

http://doi.org/10.1299/mej.15-00132

An experiment on a PWR station blackout transient with accident management (AM) measures was conducted using the ROSA/LSTF under an assumption of non-condensable gas inflow to primary system from accumulator tanks. The AM measures considered are SG secondary-side depressurization by fully opening safety valves in both SGs with start of core uncovery and coolant injection into the secondary-side of both SGs at low pressures. The primary pressure started to decrease when the SG primary-to-secondary heat removal resumed soon after the SG secondary-side coolant injection. The primary depressurization worsened due to the gas accumulation in SG U-tubes after accumulator completion. The RELAP5 code indicated remaining problems in the predictions of the SG U-tube collapsed liquid level and primary mass flow rate after gas ingress. The SG coolant injection flow rate was found to significantly affect the peak cladding temperature and the ACC actuation time through RELAP5 sensitivity analyses.

RELAP5 code study of ROSA/LSTF experiments on PWR safety system using steam generator secondary-side depressurization

竹田 武司; 大貫 晃*; 西 弘昭*

Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 9(5), p.426 - 442, 2015/05

https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-8975/2015.05.002

RELAP5 code analyses were performed on two ROSA/LSTF validation tests for PWR safety system that simulated cold leg small-break loss-of-coolant accidents with 8-in. or 4-in. diameter break using SG (steam generator) secondary-side depressurization. The SG depressurization was initiated by fully opening the depressurization valves in both SGs immediately after a safety injection signal. In the 8-in. break test, loop seal clearing occurred and then core uncovery and heatup took place. Core collapsed liquid level recovered after the initiation of accumulator coolant injection, and long-term core cooling was ensured by the actuation of low-pressure injection system. Adjustment of break discharge coefficient for two-phase discharge flow predicted the break flow rate reasonably well. The code overpredicted the peak cladding temperature because of underprediction of the core collapsed liquid level due to inadequate prediction of the accumulator flow rate in the 8-in. break case.

RELAP5 code study of ROSA/LSTF validation tests for PWR safety system using SG secondary-side depressurization

竹田 武司; 大貫 晃*; 西 弘昭*

Proceedings of 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-10) (USB Flash Drive), 13 Pages, 2014/12

RELAP5 code post-test analyses were performed on two ROSA/LSTF validation tests for PWR safety system that simulated cold leg small-break LOCAs using SG secondary-side depressurization. The SG depressurization was initiated by fully opening the depressurization valves a little after a safety injection signal. In the 8-in. break test, core uncovery and heatup took place by boil-off. Core collapsed liquid level recovered after accumulator coolant injection. In the 4-in. break test, no core uncovery and heatup happened. Adjustment of break discharge coefficient for two-phase discharge flow predicted the break flow rate reasonably well. The code overpredicted the peak cladding temperature (PCT) because of underprediction of the core collapsed liquid level in the 8-in. break case. Sensitivity analyses indicated that a time delay for SG depressurization start and break discharge coefficient for two-phase discharge flow affect the PCT significantly in the 8-in. break case.

RELAP5 analyses of ROSA/LSTF experiments on AM measures during PWR vessel bottom small-break LOCAs with gas inflow

竹田 武司

International Journal of Nuclear Energy, 2014, p.803470_1 - 803470_17, 2014/00

https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/803470

RELAP5 code analyses were performed on ROSA/LSTF experiments that simulated PWR 0.2% vessel bottom small-break LOCAs with different AM measures under an assumption of non-condensable gas inflow. Depressurization of and auxiliary feedwater (AFW) injection into both steam generators (SGs) as the AM measures were taken 10 min after a safety injection signal. The primary depressurization rate of 55 K/h caused rather slow primary depressurization being obstructed by the gas accumulation in the SG U-tubes. Core temperature excursion thus took place by core boil-off before the actuation of low-pressure injection (LPI) system. The fast primary depressurization by fully opening the relief valves in both SGs with continuous AFW injection led to long-term core cooling by the LPI actuation even under the gas accumulation in the SG U-tubes. The code indicated remaining problems in the predictions of break flow rate during two-phase flow discharge period and primary pressure after the gas inflow.