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Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Jun; Meigo, Shinichiro; Maekawa, Fujio
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 45, p.011174_1 - 011174_10, 2026/06
A 30 MW continuous wave proton linac is devised by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) for the use of Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (ADS) technology. The efficiency of the accelerator is crucial for the realization of ADS in terms of minor actinides management. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the overall efficiency of the different components to ensure the accelerator's feasibility. This study estimated the power required to operate RF cavities, considering effects such as beam loading and microphonics. Additionally, the contribution of cryogenics was considered by calculating the heat load generated by the cryomodules, as well as the power consumption of auxiliary systems such as magnets. In this analysis, we will present the efficiency estimations of the JAEA-ADS linac, as well as the methodology used to obtain the results.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Jun; Meigo, Shinichiro; Maekawa, Fujio
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 45, p.011173_1 - 011173_7, 2026/06
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is carrying out research and development on an Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (ADS) for nuclear transmutation. The JAEA-ADS consists of a CW superconducting proton linac of 30 MW coupling with a subcritical core reactor. The linac will accelerate a 20-mA proton beam to a final energy of 1.5 GeV, starting with a Normal Conducting section up to 2.5 MeV, and followed by a Superconducting part. More than 300 LLRF systems will control longitudinal parameters of the RF structures that compose the linac. In addition to ensuring stability on RF settings for efficient linac performance, the JAEA-ADS LLRF system will also enable fault-tolerance compensations to increase the availability of the linac, which is a major challenge for ADS operation. In this work, we will discuss the necessity of the ADS LLRF and present a proposed model that satisfies these demands.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Jun; Meigo, Shinichiro; Maekawa, Fujio; Pla
ais, A.*; Bouly, F.*
Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on RF Superconductivity (SRF2025) (Internet), p.316 - 320, 2026/04
High-intensity accelerators, particularly Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS), require high availability and reliability for proper operation. For superconducting linear accelerators, the ability to continue operating even when one of the RF cavities fails is key to achieving the required availability, known as cavity compensation. Beam dynamics studies of the JAEA-ADS linear accelerator have demonstrated the possibility of operating with multiple RF cavities disabled with acceptable beam quality. Several other superconducting linear accelerator laboratories have adopted similar methods and developed their procedures. Among these efforts, the LightWin tool has proven to be an effective tool for automatically and systematically identifying compensation settings for each cavity failure in any linear accelerator. This software has been successfully utilized on the MINERVA linac, as well as on the high-energy part of the JAEA-ADS linac. It has currently been tested and improved to ease SPIRAL2 operation. This work presents an analysis of cavity compensation in the JAEA-ADS superconducting linear accelerator using the LightWin tool and compares the results with previous studies.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Jun; Meigo, Shinichiro; Maekawa, Fujio; Miyamoto, Ryoichi*; Milas, N.*; Eshraqi, M.*
Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on RF Superconductivity (SRF2025) (Internet), p.58 - 62, 2026/04
The European Spallation Source (ESS) superconducting proton linac is currently undergoing commissioning. During the initial operation phase, the final beam energy will be about 800 MeV, reaching a 2 MW power. High reliability and availability are crucial for the success of the ESS science programs and thus operations will be maintained even with failures of main linac components such as cavities and quadrupoles, as long as ~50 percent of the intended power can be achieved. To this end, we developed beam optics strategies to address failures in the cavities of the superconducting linac. Due to the constraints in the RF cavity amplitudes, we implemented a modified version of standard cavity compensation techniques. The results indicated that this strategy enables beam recovery that meets the beam quality specifications, thereby enhancing the availability of the ESS linac.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Jun; Meigo, Shinichiro; Maekawa, Fujio
Proceedings of 22nd Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.130 - 134, 2026/03
Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS) represent an efficient solution to the challenge of nuclear waste disposal. Therefore, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is designing a 30-MW proton linac as a key element of its proposal for the use of ADS technology. A key feature of ADS accelerators is their extremely high availability and reliability that is required to avoid thermal stress on reactor structures. To this end, JAEA-ADS adopted a combined strategy of hot standby in the front part of the linac and standby element compensation as a fast and efficient way to reduce the downtime due to an element failure. The JAEA-ADS injector is mainly composed of a normal conducting section and ends with the first section of superconducting cavities (Half Wave Resonator). This paper presents the details of the optics design of the JAEA-ADS injector and the results of beam dynamics simulations.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Jameson, R. A.*; Okamura, Masahiro*; Li, C.*; Jiang, P.*; Maus, J. M.*
Proceedings of 32nd Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC 2024) (Internet), p.492 - 495, 2024/10
LINACs is a simulation framework for designing optics and beam dynamics of charged particles in particle accelerators. LINACs is an open-source software that enables the user complete control over all design and simulation parameters of RFQs. This includes beam-driven design, fully 3D simulation using precise quadrupolar symmetry, and rigorous Poisson solution for external and space charge fields. The code can handle simultaneous particle beams with analytical input distributions and allows input beam scans. The software offers a relatively short running time and provides extensive analysis techniques. This work provides a historical overview of the code, presents results from RFQ models, and discusses future developments.
Plaais, A.*; Bouly, F.*; Froidefond, E.*; Lagniel, J.-M.*; Normand, G.*; Orduz, A. K.*; Yee-Rendon, B.; De Keukeleere, L.*; Van De Walle, J.*
Proceedings of 32nd Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC 2024) (Internet), p.563 - 568, 2024/10
Reliability is an important feature for high power particle accelerators. This is particularly true for Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS), for that every beam interruption can strongly affect the availability of the nuclear reactor. Many of these outages come from the loss of accelerating cavities or of their associated systems. Cavity failures can be compensated for by retuning other cavities of the linac. Finding the ideal compensation settings is however a difficult challenge that involves beam dynamics and multi-objective optimisation, and which raises very different issues according to the linac under study. For instance in the SPIRAL2 linac, a lot of cavities are mobilized for the compensation and the search space has a very high number of dimensions. Plus, it has quite low margins on the longitudinal acceptance. Linacs for ADS (such as the Japan Atomic Energy Agency ADS or MYRRHA) have a specific fault-tolerance design which facilitate the optimisation, but cavities have to be retuned in a few seconds. Hence we developed LightWin, a tool to automatically and systematically find compensation settings for every cavity failure of any given linac. In this study, we will present LightWin latest developments as well as the compensation strategies that we developed for SPIRAL2 and ADS linacs, both from a beam dynamics and a mathematical point of view.
Plaais, A.*; Bouly, F.*; Yee-Rendon, B.
Proceedings of 14th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 23) (Internet), p.4097 - 4100, 2023/09
Reliability in high power hadron accelerators is a major issue, particularly for Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS). For example, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) ADS maximum frequency of beam trips longer than 5 min was set to 42 per year. A significant number of breakdowns are caused by the failure of accelerating cavities or by their associated systems. Hence, we studied how these can be effectively reduced. To this end, we developed the numerical tool LightWin that aims to determine the compensation settings for any superconducting (SC) linac automatically and systematically. This tool has been successfully used for the MYRRHA SC linac. In this work, we applied LightWin to compensate for several failure scenarios involving the last section of the JAEA ADS linac and compared the associated retuned settings and beam performance to those found in a previous study with TraceWin.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Jun; Maekawa, Fujio; Meigo, Shinichiro
Proceedings of 14th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 23) (Internet), p.1591 - 1593, 2023/09
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is designing a 30 MW continuous wave (cw) superconducting proton linear accelerator (linac) for the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) proposal. The JAEA-ADS linacs ion source must provide a proton beam over 20 mA with an energy of 35 keV and a normalized rms emittance of less than 0.1 
mm mrad. As the extraction system determines the beam properties and quality, systematic optimizations on the geometry and input values of the extraction system design were conducted using the AXCEL-INP 2-D simulation program to satisfy the goal requirements. This work describes the extraction system design and reports the beam dynamics results of the first study for the proton source of the JAEA-ADS linac.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Jun; Nakano, Keita; Maekawa, Fujio; Meigo, Shinichiro
Proceedings of 19th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.179 - 183, 2023/01
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency accelerator-driven subcritical system (JAEA-ADS) pursues the reduction of nuclear waste by transmuting minor actinides. JAEA-ADS project drives a 30-MW proton beam to a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) spallation target to produce neutrons for a subcritical core reactor. To this end, the JAEA-ADS beam transport (BT) must provide a suitable beam profile and stable beam power to the beam window of the spallation target to avoid high-thermal stress in the components, such as the beam window. The beam transport was optimized by tracking a large number of macroparticles to mitigate the beam loss, performance with high stability in the presence of errors, and fulfill the length requirement on the transport. This work presents beam transport design and beam dynamics research for the JAEA-ADS project.
Jameson, R. A.*; Yee-Rendon, B.
Journal of Instrumentation (Internet), 17(12), p.P12011_1 - P12011_11, 2022/12
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：4.66(Instruments & Instrumentation)A new application of vane modulation variation in a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) cell has been applied that significantly improves beam bunching and longitudinal emittance control to achieve lower longitudinal rms emittance at the RFQ output. This procedure occurs in the individual cells, is independent of the overall design, and therefore is general, affording an extra parameter for beam manipulation. It can be applied besides the usual goals of vane modulation variation, e.g., to achieve higher acceleration efficiency. Examples of the cumulative effects on the overall design are provided to point out further exploration avenues for the designer.
Yee-Rendon, B.
Proceedings of 31st International Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC 2022) (Internet), p.310 - 313, 2022/10
Accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) offer an advantageous option for the transmutation of nuclear waste. ADS employs high-intensity proton linear accelerators (linacs) to produce spallation neutrons for a subcritical reactor. Besides the challenges of any megawatt proton machine, ADS accelerator must operate with stringent reliability to avoid thermal stress in the reactor structures. Thus, ADS linacs have adopted a reliability-oriented design to satisfy the operation requirements. This work provides a review and the present status of the ADS linacs in the world.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Maekawa, Fujio; Meigo, Shinichiro; Tamura, Jun; Cicek, E.*
Proceedings of 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 21) (Internet), p.793 - 795, 2021/08
The Five-cell Elliptical Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavities (SRFC) provide the final acceleration in the JAEA-ADS linac (from 600 MeV to 1.5 GeV); thus, their performance is essential for the success of the JAEA-ADS project. After their optimization of the cavity geometry to achieve a high-acceleration gradient with lower electromagnetic peaks, the next step in the R&D strategy is the accurate estimation of beam-cavity effects which can affect the performance of the cavities. To this end, multipacting studies were developed to investigate its effect in the cavity operation regimen and find countermeasures. The results of this study will help in the development of the SRFC models and in the consolidation of the JAEA-ADS project.
Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Maekawa, Fujio; Meigo, Shinichiro; Tamura, Jun
Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 1350(1), p.012197_1 - 012197_7, 2019/12
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：66.12(Physics, Particles & Fields)Yee-Rendon, B.; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Maekawa, Fujio; Meigo, Shinichiro; Tamura, Jun
Journal of Physics; Conference Series, 1350(1), p.012198_1 - 012198_6, 2019/12
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：66.12(Physics, Particles & Fields)Futatsukawa, Kenta*; Fang, Z.*; Fukui, Yuji*; Shinozaki, Shinichi; Mizobata, Satoshi; Sato, Yoshikatsu*
Proceedings of 14th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.486 - 489, 2017/12
In the J-PARC linac, the LLRF systems consist of twenty-four 324-MHz systems and twenty-five 972-MHz systems for ACS cavities. The 324-MHz LLRF systems, which were installed in the stations of RFQ, DTLs, and SDTLs, have been used since the beginning of the J-PARC and are more than ten years into the development. Realistically speaking, the incensement of the failure frequency for these systems is expected. Additionally, it is difficult to maintain those for some discontinued boards of a digital feedback (DFB) and a digital feedforward (DFF) at cPCI, and the older OS and developing environment of software. Therefore, we are starting to study the new LLRF system of the next generation. In the present, we are exploring several possibilities of a new way and investigating each advantage and disadvantage. The project and the status of the development for the new system in the J-PARC linac LLRF are introduced.
Seya, Michio; Kureta, Masatoshi; Soyama, Kazuhiko; Nakamura, Hironobu; Harada, Hideo; Hajima, Ryoichi
Proceedings of INMM 55th Annual Meeting (Internet), 10 Pages, 2014/07
JAEA has been implementing development programs of basic technologies of the following advanced NDA (non-destructive assay) of nuclear material (NM) for nuclear safeguards and security. (1) Alternative to 
He neutron detection using ZnS/B
O
ceramic scintillator, (2) NRD (neutron resonance densitometry) using NRTA (neutron resonance transmission analysis) and NRCA (neutron resonance capture analysis), (3) NRF (nuclear resonance fluorescence)-NDA using laser Compton scattered (LCS) 
-rays (intense mono-energetic -rays). The development program (1) is for NDA systems that use ZnS/BO ceramic scintillator as alternative neutron detector to He for coming shortage of its supply. The program (2) is for a NDA system of isotopic composition measurement (non-destructive mass spectroscopy) in targets such as particle-like melted fuel debris using NRTA and NRCA. The program (3) is for NDA systems using a specific NRF reaction of certain Pu/U isotope caused by mono-energetic LCS -ray with energy tuned to the specific excited state of the isotope. This paper introduces above three programs.
Minehara, Eisuke; Hajima, Ryoichi; Sawamura, Masaru; Nagai, Ryoji; Kikuzawa, Nobuhiro; Nishimori, Nobuyuki; Iijima, Hokuto; Nishitani, Tomohiro; Kimura, Hideaki*; Oguri, Daiichiro*; et al.
Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-13) (CD-ROM), 10 Pages, 2005/05
The JAERI FEL has recently discovered the new FEL lasing of 255fs ultra fast pulse, 6-9% high-efficiency, one gigawatt high peak power, a few kilowatts average power, and wide tunability of medium and far infrared wavelength regions at the same time. Using the new lasing and energy-recovery linac technology, we could extend a more powerful and more efficient free-electron laser (FEL) than 10kW and 25%, respectively, for nuclear industry, pharmacy, medical, defense, shipbuilding, semiconductor industry, chemical industries, environmental sciences, space-debris, power beaming and so on. In order to realize such a tunable, highly-efficient, high average power, high peak power and ultra-short pulse FEL, we need the efficient and powerful FEL driven by the JAERI compact, stand-alone and zero boil-off super-conducting RF linac with an energy-recovery geometry. Our discussions on the FEL will cover the application of non-thermal peeling, cutting, and drilling to decommission the nuclear power plants, and to prevent stress-corrosion cracking in nuclear industry and roadmap for the industrial FELs, the JAERI compact, stand-alone and zero-boil-off cryostat concept and operational experience, the new, highly-efficient, high-power, and ultra fast pulse lasing mode, and the energy-recovery geometry.
Yamazaki, Yoshishige
Proceedings of 9th European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 2004), p.1351 - 1353, 2004/00
The J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) is under construction in JAERI Tokai site. The beam commissioning will start there by the end of 2006. Prior to this, the front end of the linac was beam-commissioned in 2003 at KEK. The negative hydrogen beam with a peak current of 30 mA was accelerated up to 20 MeV by the first tank of the three DTL's following the 3-MeV RFQ linac. The 324-MHz DTL contains the electro quadrupole magnets with water-cooling channels specially fabricated by means of electroforming and wire-cutting technologies. The construction status of the J-PARC accelerator is also presented.
Minehara, Eisuke; Hajima, Ryoichi; Sawamura, Masaru; Nagai, Ryoji; Kikuzawa, Nobuhiro; Nishimori, Nobuyuki
Proceedings of 28th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan, p.31 - 32, 2003/08
Current status of the JAERI superconducting RF linac driven free-electron laser has been reported to describe some details of the FEL device and application researches. In the presentation, several progresses and achievements itimized below have been reproted briefly. Firstly a semi-perpetual, non-stop and continous operation of the JAERI cryogenic and refrigeration system is only available in the world for the JAERI superconducting linac-based FEL. Secondly a conceptual design and each vital component of the ERL(energy recovery linac) light souce has recently been developed and progressed quickly as the next-generation light source. Thirdly,large-scaled industrial applications have been briefly reported here.
