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Miyazawa, Takeshi; Kikuchi, Yuta*; Ando, Masami*; Yu, J.-H.*; Yabuuchi, Kiyohiro*; Nozawa, Takashi*; Tanigawa, Hiroyasu*; Nogami, Shuhei*; Hasegawa, Akira*
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 575, p.154239_1 - 154239_11, 2023/03
Times Cited Count:0 Percentile:0.01(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Naoe, Takashi; Kinoshita, Hidetaka; Wakui, Takashi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Haga, Katsuhiro
JAEA-Technology 2022-018, 43 Pages, 2022/08
In the liquid mercury target system for the pulsed spallation neutron source of Materials and Life science experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), cavitation that is generated by the high-energy proton beam-induced pressure waves, resulting severe erosion damage on the interior surface of the mercury target vessel. The erosion damage is increased with increasing the proton beam power, and has the possibility to cause the leakage of mercury by the penetrated damage and/or the fatigue failure originated from erosion pits during operation. To achieve the long term stable operation under high-power proton beam, the mitigation technologies for cavitation erosion consisting of surface modification on the vessel interior surface, helium gas microbubble injection, double-walled beam window structure has been applied. The damage on interior surface of the vessel is never observed during the beam operation. Therefore, after the target operation term ends, we have cut out specimen from the target nose of the target vessel to inspect damaged surface in detail for verification of the cavitation damage mitigation technologies and lifetime estimation. We have developed the techniques of specimen cutting out by remote handling under high-radiation environment. Cutting method was gradually updated based on experience in actual cutting for the used target vessel. In this report, techniques of specimen cutting out for the beam entrance portion of the target vessel in high-radiation environment and overview of the results of specimen cutting from actual target vessels are described.
Matsuda, Hiroki; Meigo, Shinichiro; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Yoshida, Makoto*; Hasegawa, Shoichi; Maekawa, Fujio; Iwamoto, Hiroki; Nakamoto, Tatsushi*; Ishida, Taku*; Makimura, Shunsuke*
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 57(10), p.1141 - 1151, 2020/10
Times Cited Count:11 Percentile:80.72(Nuclear Science & Technology)To estimate the structural damages of materials in accelerator facilities, displacement per atom (dpa) is widely employed as a damage index, calculated based on the displacement cross-section obtained using a calculation model. Although dpa is applied as standard, the experimental data of the displacement cross-section for a proton in the energy region above 20 MeV are scarce. Among the calculation models, difference of about factor 8 exist, so that the experimental data of the cross-section are crucial to validate the model. To obtain the displacement cross-section, we conducted experiments at J-PARC. The displacement cross-section of copper and iron was successfully obtained for a proton projectile with the kinetic energies, 0.4 - 3 GeV. The results were compared with those obtained using the widely utilized Norgertt-Robinson-Torrens (NRT) model and the athermal-recombination-corrected (arc) model based on molecular dynamics. It was found that the NRT model overestimates the present displacement cross-section by 3.5 times. The calculation results obtained using with the arc model based on the Nordlund parameter show remarkable agreement with the experimental data. It can be concluded that the arc model must be employed for the dpa calculation for the damage estimation of copper and iron.
Tsai, P.-E.; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Hagiwara, Masayuki*
Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 121(1), p.13 - 16, 2019/11
The importance of PKA characteristics to radiation damage assessment for proton accelerators has been demonstrated in the paper by the PHITS simulations. In order to obtain accurate results of displacement cross section calculated by PHITS, it is therefore critical to have the physics models implemented in PHITS be properly validated by experimental data. With the new measurement system, which has been being developed here at JAEA, it is expected to provide experimental PKA data with low measurement thresholds and good mass resolutions. The test result we obtained at CYRIC, Tohoku University, for the -
gas ionization chamber as a part of the new measurement system was very promising. We were able to successfully distinguish C, B, Be, Li, and He elements with threshold energies lower than 1 MeV/nucleon in the configuration of 70-MeV proton beam and 920-nm thick C target. More experiments and tests shall continue in the future with heavier targets and higher proton beam energies.
Abe, Takeyasu; Kuribayashi, Takahiro*; Nakamura, Michihiko*
European Journal of Mineralogy, 29(6), p.949 - 957, 2017/12
Times Cited Count:2 Percentile:6.07(Mineralogy)Polarised infrared spectra of synthetic single crystals and radiation-damaged natural samples were collected to examine hydroxyl incorporation in monazite. The IR spectra of pure synthetic monazite contain two OH stretching bands at 3163 and 3335 cm with contrasting bandwidths of 40 and 90 cm
, respectively. The two OH bands show strong pleochroism and dominant infrared absorption in the Y direction. The IR spectra of natural monazite contains a weak pleochroic OH band centered around 3400 cm
with a bandwidth of more than 200 cm
. During step-heating experiments, this broad OH band split into several bands, and these bands differ from those observed in the spectra of synthetic samples. The OH stretching signals in the spectra of both natural and synthetic samples disappeared after heating at 1000
C. Based on these results, OH defects in natural monazite arise because of secondary hydration facilitated by radiation damage, as in the case of natural zircon and xenotime.
Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Oishi, Makoto; Ito, Masayasu; Kaji, Yoshiyuki
Nihon Hozen Gakkai Dai-12-Kai Gakujutsu Koenkai Yoshishu, p.105 - 112, 2015/07
Authors previously reported that Eddy current method and AC magnetization method have potential to be applied for development of diagnostic technics to detect the sign of material degradation before cracking on the austenitic stainless steels used as structural material in nuclear power plants. In typical austenitic stainless steels such as type304, magnetic ferrite phase would exist in the alloy before irradiation, and it is concerned to disturb the magnetic measurement on irradiated material. Magnetic measurements were conducted in this work on type304 austenitic stainless steel specimens irradiated up to different doses. In addition, microstructure observation was conducted on the area including grain boundary to discuss the correlation of magnetization on irradiated austenitic stainless alloy and grain boundary cracking. Obtained magnetic data on irradiated type304 stainless steel were seen clearly different from that on un-irradiated specimen, and showed positive correlation with radiation dose, therefore it was thought that magnetic measurement technics can be applied for the material which contains certain quantity of ferrite phase before irradiation. In the microstructural observation, magnetic phase (FeNi) formation along the grain boundary was revealed.
Shimada, Hiroyuki*; Minami, Hirotake*; Okuizumi, Naoto*; Sakuma, Ichiro*; Ukai, Masatoshi*; Fujii, Kentaro; Yokoya, Akinari; Fukuda, Yoshihiro*; Saito, Yuji
Journal of Chemical Physics, 142(17), p.175102_1 - 175102_9, 2015/05
Times Cited Count:10 Percentile:38.14(Chemistry, Physical)Mizuta, Eiichi*; Kuboyama, Satoshi*; Abe, Hiroshi; Iwata, Yoshiyuki*; Tamura, Takashi*
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 61(4), p.1924 - 1928, 2014/08
Times Cited Count:95 Percentile:99.23(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)Shimada, Hiroyuki*; Fukao, Taishi*; Minami, Hirotake*; Ukai, Masatoshi*; Fujii, Kentaro; Yokoya, Akinari; Fukuda, Yoshihiro*; Saito, Yuji
Journal of Chemical Physics, 141(5), p.055102_1 - 055102_8, 2014/08
Times Cited Count:17 Percentile:55.69(Chemistry, Physical)Baba, Shinichi; Nemoto, Makoto*; Sozawa, Shizuo; Yamaji, Masatoshi*; Ishihara, Masahiro; Sawa, Kazuhiro
JAERI-Tech 2005-055, 157 Pages, 2005/09
The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) has been carrying out the research on radiation damage mechanism of heat-resistant ceramics composite materials, as one of the subjects of the innovative basic research on high temperature engineering using the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR). A series of preliminary irradiation tests is being made using the Japan Materials Testing Reactor (JMTR). The present report describes results of post-irradiation examinations so far on specimens irradiated in the second and third capsule, designated 98M-41A and 99M-30A, to fast neutron fluences of 1.010
m
(E
1MeV) at temperatures of 973K-1173K and 1273K-1473K. The PIE were conducted as the fundamental statistics index of the diametral dimensions for irradiated specimen, irradiation induced dimensional change rate and thermal expansion rate.
Yokoya, Akinari; Shikazono, Naoya; Urushibara, Ayumi; Fujii, Kentaro; Akamatsu, Ken; Watanabe, Ritsuko
Hoshasen Seibutsu Kenkyu, 40(2), p.168 - 184, 2005/06
Ionizing radiation causes modifications in a DNA molecule depending on the characteristic tack-structure in which two or more isolated lesions arise in a few nm scale (1 or 2 helical turn of DNA), known as "clustered DNA damage". These clustered DNA damages could be distinct from those by reactive oxygen species (ROS) endogenously induced on their severity of induction of biological effects such as mutation. However, the studies on the nature and repair mechanism of clustered DNA damage have still been behind because of the technical difficulties on determination of the chemical structure and yield. This article reviews some experimental evidences of the clustered DNA damages in this research field, as well as our recent progress on the studies on the clustered DNA damages using both molecular biological techniques and synchrotron spectroscopic method.
Ishikura, Shuichi*; Shiga, Akio*; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Sato, Hiroshi; Haga, Katsuhiro; Ikeda, Yujiro
JAERI-Tech 2005-026, 65 Pages, 2005/03
Failure probability analysis was carried out to estimate the lifetime of the mercury target which will be installed into the JSNS (Japan spallation neutron source) in J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex). The lifetime was estimated as taking loading condition and materials degradation into account. Considered loads imposed on the target vessel were the static stresses due to thermal expansion and static pre-pressure on He-gas and mercury and the dynamic stresses due to the thermally shocked pressure waves generated repeatedly at 25 Hz. Materials used in target vessel will be degraded by the fatigue, neutron and proton irradiation, mercury immersion and pitting damages, etc. The imposed stresses were evaluated through static and dynamic structural analyses. The material-degradations were deduced based on published experimental data. As results, it was quantitatively confirmed that the failure probability for the lifetime expected in the design is very much lower, 10 in the safety hull, meaning that it will be hardly failed during the design lifetime. On the other hand, the beam window of mercury vessel suffered with high-pressure waves exhibits the failure probability of 12%. It was concluded, therefore, that the leaked mercury from the failed area at the beam window is adequately kept in the space between the safety hull and the mercury vessel to detect mercury-leakage sensors.
Pinak, M.
JAERI 1346, 25 Pages, 2004/12
Molecular dynamics (MD) studies on several radiation damages to DNA - thymine dimer, thymine glycol8-oxoguanine and their recognition by repair enzymes are introduced in order to describe on the stepwise description of molecular process observed at radiation lesion sites. In all cases the significant structural changes in the DNA double helical structure were observed: (a) the breaking of hydrogen bonds network between complementary bases and resulting opening of the double helix (8-oxoguanine); (b) the sharp bending of the DNA helix centered at the lesion site (thymine dimer, thymine glycol); and (c) the flipping-out base on the strand complementary to the lesion (8-oxoguanine). The specific values of electrostatic interaction energy were found at the lesion sites (thymine dimmer: -10kcal/mol, thymine glycol: -26kcal/mol, 8-oxoguanine: -48kcal/mol).
Yokoya, Akinari; Takakura, Kaoru*; Watanabe, Ritsuko; Akamatsu, Ken*; Ito, Takashi*
Radiation Research, 162(4), p.469 - 473, 2004/10
Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:10.05(Biology)X-ray absorption spectra from single crystals of 5-Bromouracil were measured with the transmission mode in the energy range from 13.41 to 13.50 keV using the linearly polarized synchrotron radiation (SR). A characteristic resonance structure, consisting of four peaks, was recognized in the spectra in the Br K-edge region. The intensities of these peaks were strongly dependent on the crystal rotation about the normal of the crystal b-c plane, which was set perpendicular to the X-ray beam direction. (SR X-rays are polarized in the horizontal plane.) Molecular orbital calculations indicate that these resonance peaks are associated with the transitions from the 1s electron of Br to the Br-C molecular antibonding orbitals and to a shape resonance. The observed anisotropy of each photoabsorption peak might originate from the angular dependences of these molecular orbitals.
Yokoya, Akinari; Takakura, Kaoru*; Watanabe, Ritsuko; Akamatsu, Ken*; Ito, Takashi*
Radiation Research, 162(4), p.469 - 473, 2004/10
Radicals induced in a single crystal of 5-bromouracil (BrUra) by synchrotron soft X-rays in the Br K-edge region (13.461-13482 keV) were investigated using the X-band EPR method. The crystal was irradiated at three peak energies in the absorption spectrum at room temperature or at 80K. A hydrogen abstraction radical derived from N1 atom of the pyrimidine ring was commonly observed for all of the energies used, though with some variation in quantity. Similar characteristics were also observed in the EPR signal for the off-K-edge low energy (13.42 keV) and when Co
-ray irradiation was employed as the reference. When irradiated at 80K, a much larger exposure (roughly 10 times) of soft X-rays was needed to obtain the same signal intensity as that observed at room temperature. EPR signals were not detectable with g-irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Nakamura, Hiroo; Riccardi, B.*; Loginov, N.*; Ara, Kuniaki*; Burgazzi, L.*; Cevolani, S.*; Dell'Ocro, G.*; Fazio, C.*; Giusti, D.*; Horiike, Hiroshi*; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 329-333(1), p.202 - 207, 2004/08
Times Cited Count:14 Percentile:65.97(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), being developed by EU, JA, RF and US, is a deuteron-lithium (Li) reaction neutron source for fusion materials testing. In the end of 2002, 3 year Key Element technology Phase (KEP) to reduce the key technology risk factors has been completed. This paper describes these KEP tasks results. To evaluate Li flow characteristics, a water and Li flow experiments have been done. To develop Li purification system, evaluation of nitrogen and tritium gettering materials have been done. Conceptual design of remote handling and basic experiment have been donde. In addition, safety analysis and diganostics design have been done. In the presentation, the latest design and future prospects will be also summarized.
Shibata, Taiju; Ishihara, Masahiro; Motohashi, Yoshinobu*; Ito, Tsutomu*; Baba, Shinichi; Kikuchi, Makoto*
Materials Transactions, 45(8), p.2580 - 2583, 2004/08
Times Cited Count:3 Percentile:26.79(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Fast neutrons (energy 1.6
10
J) were irradiated to tetragonal zirconia polycrystals containing 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZP) at the fluence levels of 2.5
10
(Light irradiation) and 4.3
10
(Heavy irradiation) m
. The irradiation caused no significant swelling in the 3Y-TZP specimens. After the neutron irradiation, superplastic characteristics were examined by tensile tests at a temperature range from 1623 to 1773 K with initial strain rates ranging from 5.0
10
to 1.67
10
s
. It was found that the elongation to fracture of the irradiated specimens was quite small in comparison with the unirradiated ones. The apparent activation energy for the superplastic flow of the irradiated 3Y-TZP was fairly high, i.e., 781 and 693 kJ・mol
for Light and Heavy irradiations, respectively. Atomic displacement damages and defects in the 3Y-TZP caused by the irradiation were thought to be main causes of these property changes.
Hoshiya, Taiji*; Takaya, Shigeru*; Ueno, Fumiyoshi; Nemoto, Yoshiyuki; Nagae, Yuji*; Miwa, Yukio; Abe, Yasuhiro*; Omi, Masao; Tsukada, Takashi; Aoto, Kazumi*
Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 29(4), p.1687 - 1690, 2004/06
JAERI and JNC have begun the cooperative research of evaluation techniques of structural material degradation in FBR and LWR, which based on magnetic and corrosion properties along grain boundaries. Magnetic method has been proposed as the one of the non-destructive detection techniques on the early stage of creep-damage before crack initiation for aged structural materials of FBRs. The effects of applied stress on natural magnetization were investigated on paramagnetic stainless steels having creep-damages. On the other hand, corrosion properties and magneto-optical characteristics of ion-irradiated stainless steels in the vicinity of grain boundaries were estimated by AFM and Kerr effect microscope, respectively. These degradations were induced by changes in characteristics in the vicinity of grain boundaries. It is found that the initial level of progressing process of damage can detect changes in magnetic and corrosion properties along grain boundaries of aged and degraded nuclear plants structural materials.
Yokoya, Akinari
Hoshako, 17(3), p.111 - 117, 2004/05
To reveal the mechanism of oxidative base damages, such as 8-oxo-G, in DNA molecule by ionizing radiation, DNA base radicals were examined around oxygen and nitrogen K-edge region using an EPR spectrometer installed in a synchrotron soft X-ray beamline (BL23SU) in SPring-8. In situ measurements of EPR spectrum of guanine base revealed that short-lived transient radical species are specifically induced by photoexcitation of a 1s electron to * antibonding orbital at carbonyl oxygen atom. They promptly disappear by "beam-off". On the other hand, a long-lived radical whose EPR spectrum is consistent with previous reports for guanine cation radical was accumulated during the irradiation. The yield of the stable radical decreased by These results indicate that chemically stable DNA base lesions, such as 8-oxo-G, would result from transient species that are inferred to be one electron oxidized radicals after decay of Auger final state.
Matsuhiro, Kenjiro; Ando, Masami; Nakamura, Hiroo; Takeuchi, Hiroshi
JAERI-Research 2004-003, 12 Pages, 2004/03
The effect of neutron irradiation damage on tritium permeation through reduced-activation ferritic steel (F82H) at IFMIF target backwall has been estimated. From the results, it has been found that the effective diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in F82H will decrease by 10 % to 20 % under neutron irradiation. Therefore, the amount of tritium permeation for several hundred seconds at the beginning of permeation will be smaller than 80 % to 90 % of that before neutron irradiation. The amount of tritium permeation of F82H at IFMIF target backwall is 1.3x10 g/d (4.7x10
Bq/d). It is 30 times larger than that of 316SS, and is about 8 % of tritium permeation at main loop of IFMIF.