Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Initialising ...
Johansen, M. P.*; Gwynn, J. P.*; Carpenter, J. G.*; Charmasson, S.*; 森 愛理; Orr, B.*; Simon-Cornu, M.*; Osvath, I.*; McGinnity, P.*
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 287, p.107706_1 - 107706_8, 2025/07
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Environmental Sciences)Radiological ingestion doses from eating seafood are regularly evaluated near coastal nuclear facilities, following accidents/events and frequently in national studies worldwide. However, a recent global review found that published seafood doses varied greatly depending on which radionuclides were selected for evaluation and that there has been a tendency to omit important radionuclides or focus on less significant ones. This indicates a need for clear guidance on which radionuclides to prioritise in such studies. Here, we use worldwide data for 16 key radionuclides contributing to typical background seafood ingestion dose. We account for the loss of radionuclides during cooking and the radioactive decay of the short-lived 
Po. Results indicate that for the typical world consumer, naturally-occurring radionuclides account for 
99% of the total seafood ingestion dose, of which about 84% comes from Po and 8% from Pb. About 5% comes from 
Ra, a far greater proportion than the more frequently-assessed 
Ra (
1%). Other Th- and U-series radionuclides provide far lower contributions (0.07%-0.70%), while 
C provides about 0.09%. In comparison, the contribution to total seafood ingestion dose from background anthropogenic radionuclides is 1%, with 
Cs contributing most (0.08%) and 
Sr, 
Tc, 
Ag and 
Pu adding a further 0.05% together. These percentage contributions to dose can vary somewhat depending on consumption patterns (e.g., differing proportions of fish, bivalves, etc.). However, Po is the dominant contributor irrespective of country-specific diets or restricted diet scenarios (fish-only, seaweed-only, etc.). Study results provide new guidance to improve the design, interpretation and communication of seafood ingestion dose assessments.
Johansen, M. P.*; Gwynn, J. P.*; Carpenter, J. G.*; Charmasson, S.*; McGinnity, P.*; 森 愛理; Orr, B.*; Simon-Cornu, M.*; Osvath, I.*
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 55(6), p.422 - 445, 2025/00
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：32.78(Environmental Sciences)Seafood is an important source for meeting future global nutrient demands. However, it also contributes disproportionately to the radiological ingestion dose of more than five billion world consumers - up to 
70%-80% of the total-foods dose in some countries. Although numerous studies report seafood doses in specific populations, there is still no comprehensive evaluation answering basic questions such as "what is the ingestion dose to the average global seafood consumer?" Analysis of 238 worldwide seafood dose estimates suggests that typical adult consumers receive from 0.13 to 0.21 mSv, with a likely best estimate of 0.15 mSv per annual seafood intake. Those consuming large amounts of seafood, particularly bivalves, may experience ingestion doses exceeding 1 mSv per annual intake, surpassing other routine background dose sources. The published studies suggest that doses of 3 mSv or greater are surpassed in about 150 million adult seafood consumers worldwide. Almost all this dose comes from the natural radionuclides that are prevalent in marine systems - especially Po. While trace levels of anthropogenic radionuclides are ubiquitous in seafoods (e.g.,Cs and Pu), the added dose from these is typically orders of magnitude lower. Even following the large-scale releases from the Fukushima accident, with food safety controls in place, the additional dose to consumers in Japan was small relative to routine dose from natural background radionuclides. However, the worldwide seafood dose estimates span seven orders of magnitude, indicating a need for an assessment that integrates global seafood radionuclide data as well as incorporating changes in seafood consumption and production patterns.
