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Journal Articles

From recent RPT review articles; Medical application of particle and heavy ion transport code system PHITS

Furuta, Takuya

Igaku Butsuri, 41(4), P. 194, 2021/12

https://doi.org/10.11323/jjmp.41.4_194

Number of medical uses of Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) has been increased due to the recent high demands of medical use of radiations. The summary of such research works was described in the review article on medical application of Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System PHITS published in Radiological Physics and Technology in 2021. There was a request from the editorial board of Japan Society of Medical Physics (JSMP) for writing an introductory article of this article in their internal journal. The research works on medical applications described in the review article, useful functions for medical application in PHITS, and newly opened user forum of PHITS have been introduced.

Journal Articles

Medical application of Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System PHITS

Furuta, Takuya; Sato, Tatsuhiko

Radiological Physics and Technology, 14(3), p.215 - 225, 2021/09

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12194-021-00628-0

Number of the PHITS users has steadily increased since 2010 from when it is officially counted. Among them, increase of new users in medical physics is outstanding. Many research works in medical physics using PHITS have been published and the applications are widely spread in different fields such as applications to different types of radiotherapy, shielding calculations of medical facilities, application to radiation biology, and research and development of medical tools. In this article, we will introduce useful functions for medical application in PHITS by referring to examples of various medical applications.

Journal Articles

Total cross section model with uncertainty evaluated by KALMAN

Hashimoto, Shintaro; Sato, Tatsuhiko

EPJ Web of Conferences, 239, p.03015_1 - 03015_4, 2020/09

https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023903015

Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Particle transport simulation codes based on the Monte Carlo technique have been successfully applied to shielding calculations in accelerator facilities. Estimation of not only statistical uncertainties, which depend on the number of trials, but also systemic uncertainties, which are caused by uncertainty of total cross section models, is required to confirm the reliability of the simulation results. We evaluated unclear quantities of internal parameters included in the total cross section model by the KALMAN code, which is based on the least squares technique, comparing with experimental data of the total cross section. The uncertainties in the total cross sections obtained by the new model are comparable to the experimental errors. In the present study, the systematic uncertainty included in the simulation results can be estimated by performing the transport calculations with variation of the internal parameters within their unclear quantities.

JAEA Reports

Shielding calculation by PHITS code during replacement works of startup neutron sources for HTTR operation

Shinohara, Masanori; Ishitsuka, Etsuo; Shimazaki, Yosuke; Sawahata, Hiroaki

JAEA-Technology 2016-033, 65 Pages, 2017/01

JAEA-Technology-2016-033.pdf:11.14MB

To reduce the neutron exposure dose for workers during the replacement works of the startup neutron sources of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor, calculations of the exposure dose in case of temporary neutron shielding at the bottom of fuels handling machine were carried out by the PHITS code. As a result, it is clear that the dose equivalent rate due to neutron radiation can be reduced to about an order of magnitude by setting a temporary neutron shielding at the bottom of shielding cask for the fuel handling machine. In the actual replacement works, by setting temporary neutron shielding, it was achieved that the cumulative equivalent dose of the workers was reduced to 0.3 man mSv which is less than half of cumulative equivalent dose for the previous replacement works; 0.7 man mSv.

Journal Articles

Neutronics assessment of advanced shield materials using metal hydride and borohydride for fusion reactors

Hayashi, Takao; Tobita, Kenji; Nishio, Satoshi; Ikeda, Kazuki*; Nakamori, Yuko*; Orimo, Shinichi*; DEMO Plant Design Team

Fusion Engineering and Design, 81(8-14), p.1285 - 1290, 2006/02

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.09.060

Times Cited Count：23 Percentile：81.45(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Neutron transport calculations were carried out to evaluate the capability of metal hydrides and borohydrides as an advanced shielding material. Some hydrides indicated considerably higher hydrogen content than polyethylene and solid hydrogen. The hydrogen-rich hydrides show superior neutron shielding capability to the conventional materials. From the temperature dependence of dissociation pressure, ZrH $_{2}$ and TiH $_{2}$ can be used without releasing hydrogen at the temperature of less than 640 $^{circ}$ C at 1 atm. ZrH $_{2}$ and Mg(BH $_{4}$ ) $_{2}$ can reduce the thickness of the shield by 30% and 20% compared to a combination of steel and water, respectively. Mixing some hydrides with F82H produces considerable effects in -ray shielding. The neutron and -ray shielding capabilities decrease in order of ZrH $_{2}$ Mg(BH $_{4}$ ) $_{2}$ and F82H TiH $_{2}$ and F82H water and F82H.

Journal Articles

3-D shielding calculation method for 1-MW JSNS

Maekawa, Fujio; Tamura, Masaya

Proceedings of ICANS-XVI, Volume 3, p.1051 - 1058, 2003/07

A three-dimensional (3-D) shielding calculation model for MCNPX was produced for shielding design of 1-MW JSNS. The model included simplified target-moderator-reflector assembly, helium-vessel and neutron beam extraction pipes, shutters, shield blocks, gaps and void spaces between these components, and so on, and could treat streaming effects precisely. The particle splitting and kill method with cell importance parameters was adopted as a variance reduction method. The cell importance parameters for such a large target station of about 15 m in diameter and 12 m in hight in which neutron fluxes attenuated more than 12 orders of magnitude could be determined appropriately by automated iteration calculations. This calculation procedure enabled detailed 3-D shielding design calculations for the whole target station in a short time, i.e., within 2 days, and contributed for progress of shielding designs of JSNS.

Journal Articles

Comparison of synchrotron radiation calculation between EGS4, FLUKA, PHOTON and STAC8

Asano, Yoshihiro; Liu, J. C.*

KEK Proceedings 2002-18, p.48 - 54, 2003/01

The light energy was not higher than soft X-rays so that the radiation safety for synchrotron radiation passed for unworthy issues of attention. With constructing and operating the third generation facilities such as SPring-8, however, high energy synchrotron radiation of extremely high intense is available, and high accuracy should be required in the shielding and safety design for the beam of synchrotron radiation. Furthermore, the middle size facilities such as CLS (Canadian Light Source) are now under construction and the optimum design of shielding is desired to construct the beamline with safety and compact. It is necessary for the purpose to verify the detailed evaluation technique. Therefore, taking the SPEAR3 bending magnet and BL11-3 wiggler beamlines in the examples, the characteristics of the codes were investigated in comparison with synchrotron radiation shielding design code PHOTON, STAC8 and Monte Carlo simulation code EGS4, FLUKA

Journal Articles