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Takeda, Takeshi
JAEA-Data/Code 2024-014, 76 Pages, 2024/12
JAEA-Data-Code-2024-014.pdf:4.0MB
An experiment denoted as SB-PV-03 was conducted on November 19, 2002 using the Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) in the Rig of Safety Assessment-V (ROSA-V) Program. The ROSA/LSTF experiment SB-PV-03 simulated a 0.2% pressure vessel bottom small-break loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The test assumptions included total failure of high pressure injection system of emergency core cooling system (ECCS) and noncondensable gas (nitrogen gas) inflow to the primary system from accumulator (ACC) tanks of ECCS. Secondary-side depressurization of both steam generators (SGs) as an accident management (AM) action to achieve the depressurization rate of 55 K/h in the primary system was initiated 10 min after the generation of a safety injection signal, and continued afterwards. Auxiliary feedwater injection into the secondary-side of both SGs was started for 30 min with some delay after the onset of the AM action. The AM action was effective on the primary depressurization until the ACC tanks began to discharge nitrogen gas into the primary system. The core liquid level recovered in oscillative manner because of intermittent coolant injection from the ACC system into both cold legs. Therefore, the core liquid level remained at a small drop. The pressure difference between the primary and SG secondary sides became larger after nitrogen gas ingress. Core uncovery occurred by core boil-off during reflux condensation in the SG U-tubes under nitrogen gas influx. When the maximum cladding surface temperature of simulated fuel rods exceeded the pre-determined value of 908 K, the core power was automatically reduced to protect the LSTF core. After the automatic core power reduction, coolant injection from low pressure injection (LPI) system of ECCS into both cold legs led to the whole core quench. After the continuous core cooling was confirmed through the actuation of the LPI system, the experiment was terminated.
Kurisaka, Kenichi
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 11(2), p.23-00377_1 - 23-00377_14, 2024/04
This study aims to understand the time-dependent change in the occurrence rate of leak from steam generator (SG) tubes in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs). The target SFRs in the present paper are Phenix in France and BN-600 in Russia. By reviewing publicly available literature that show data from the SFRs, we have investigated the numbers of tube-to-tubeplate welds and tube-to-tube welds, heat transfer areas of tube base metal, operating hours of SGs, dates when SG tube leak occurred, locations of leak, and corrective actions taken after tube leak events, such as replacement of the module, in which a leak occurred. Based on these, we have estimated the time to leak and quantitatively analyzed the time-dependent change of the occurrence rates of SG tube leak for each of the above-mentioned parts by hazard plotting method. The results show that the rates of both Phenix and BN-600 decreased over time. For Phenix, this is probably thanks to improved welding and SG operating conditions. For BN-600, it seems that in many cases, the probable cause of the leak was initial defects that developed to failure during the early stage of reactor operation, and that no special countermeasure was taken in the later stages. Therefore, it would be natural to assume that the rate simply decreased over time. The rate of leak at tube-to-tube welds in Phenix shows significant increase in a short term after a certain period of time. This can be caused by thermal stress repeatedly exerted on the materials.
Takeda, Takeshi
JAEA-Data/Code 2023-012, 75 Pages, 2023/10
JAEA-Data-Code-2023-012.pdf:4.45MB
An experiment denoted as TR-LF-15 was conducted on June 11, 2014 using the Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) in the Rig of Safety Assessment-V (ROSA-V) Program. The ROSA/LSTF experiment TR-LF-15 simulated accident management (AM) actions during a station blackout transient with TMLB' scenario with pump seal loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). This scenario is featured by loss of auxiliary feedwater functions. The pump seal LOCA was simulated by a 0.1% cold leg break. The test assumptions included total failure of both high pressure injection system and low pressure injection system of emergency core cooling system (ECCS). Also, it was presumed non-condensable gas (nitrogen gas) inflow to the primary system from accumulator (ACC) tanks of ECCS. When steam generator (SG) secondary-side collapsed liquid level dropped to a certain low liquid level, the primary pressure turned to rise. After the SG secondary-side became voided, the safety valve of a pressurizer cyclically opened which led to loss of primary coolant. Core uncovery thus took place owing to core boil-off at high pressure. When an increase of 10 K was confirmed in cladding surface temperature of simulated fuel rods, SG secondary-side depressurization was started as the first AM action. At that time, the safety valves in both SGs were fully opened. Primary depressurization was initiated by completely opening the pressurizer safety valve as the second AM action with some delay after the first AM action onset. When the SG secondary-side pressure lowered to 1.0 MPa following the first AM action, water was injected into the secondary-side of both SGs via feedwater lines with low-head pumps as the third AM action. A reduction in the primary pressure was accelerated because the heat removal from the SG secondary-side system resumed shortly after the third AM action initiation.
Kosaka, Wataru; Uchibori, Akihiro; Okano, Yasushi; Yanagisawa, Hideki*
Proceedings of 20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-20) (Internet), p.1150 - 1163, 2023/08
The leakage of pressurized water from a steam generator (SG) and the progress after that are a key issue in the safety assessment or design of a SG in sodium-cooled fast reactor. The analysis code LEAP-III can evaluate a rate of water leakage during the long-term event progress, i.e., from the self-wastage initiated by an occurrence of a microscopic crack in a tube wall to the water leak detection and water/water-vapor blowdown. Since LEAP-III consists of semi-empirical formulae and one-dimensional equations of conservation, it has an advantage in short computation time. Thus, LEAP-III can facilitate the exploration of various new SG designs in the development of innovative reactors. However, there are several problems, such as an excessive conservative result in some case and the need for numerous experiments or preliminary analyses to determine tuning parameters of models in LEAP-III. Hence, we have developed a Lagrangian particle method code, which is characterized by a simpler computational principle and faster calculation. In this study, we have improved the existing particle pair search method for interparticle interaction in this code and developed an alternative model without the pair search. Through the trial analysis simulating in a tube bundle system, it was confirmed that new models reduced the computation time. In addition, it was shown that representative temperatures of the heat-transfer tubes evaluated by this particle method code, which is used to predict the tube failure in LEAP-III, were good agreement with that by SERAPHIM, which is a detailed mechanistic analysis method code.
Kurisaka, Kenichi
Proceedings of 30th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE30) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2023/05
This study aims to understand a time trend of the occurrence rate of steam generator (SG) tube leak in the existing sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) based on the observed data. The target on SFRs in the present paper is Phenix in France and BN600 in Russia. From the open literature review, we investigated the number of tube-to-tube plate weld, the number of tube-to-tube weld, heat transfer area of tube base metal, operating time of SGs, dates when SG tube leak occurred, leaked location, corrective action after tube leak such as replacement of leaked module. Based on these observed data, time to leak is estimated and then time trend of the occurrence rate of SG tube leak for each of the above-mentioned parts was quantitatively analyzed by the hazard plotting method. As a result, the rate of leak at tube-to-tube weld in Phenix shows increase with time due to probable cause of cyclic thermal stress in a short term. As for a long-term trend, the rate of tube leak in both Phenix and BN600 SGs indicated decrease with time probably thanks to improvement in welding and in SG operating condition and to removal of initial failure.
Yamamoto, Tomohiko; Kato, Atsushi; Hayakawa, Masato; Shimoyama, Kazuhito; Ara, Kuniaki; Hatakeyama, Nozomu*; Yamauchi, Kanau*; Eda, Yuhei*; Yui, Masahiro*
Proceedings of 2023 International Congress on Advanced in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2023) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2023/04
Kosaka, Wataru; Uchibori, Akihiro; Yanagisawa, Hideki*; Takata, Takashi; Jang, S.*
Nihon Kikai Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 88(905), p.21-00310_1 - 21-00310_9, 2022/01
If a pressurized water/water-vapor leaks from a heat transfer tube in a steam generator (SG) in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), sodium-water reaction forms high-velocity, high-temperature, and corrosive jet. It would damage the other tubes and might propagate the tube failure in the SG. Thus, it is important to evaluate the effect of the tube failure propagation for safety assessment of SFR. The computational code LEAP-III can evaluate water leak rate during the tube failure propagation with short calculation time, since it consists of empirical formulae and one-dimensional equations of conservation. One of the empirical models, temperature distribution evaluation model, evaluates the temperature distribution in SG as circular arc isolines determined by experiments and preliminary analyses instead of complicated real distribution. In order to improve this model to get more realistic temperature distribution, we have developed the Lagrangian particle method based on engineering approaches. In this study, we have focused on evaluating gas flow in a tube bundle system, and constructed new models for the gas-particles behavior around a tube to evaluate void fraction distribution near the tube. Through the test analysis simulating one target tube system, we confirmed the capability of the models and next topic to improve the models.
Kosaka, Wataru; Uchibori, Akihiro; Yanagisawa, Hideki*; Takata, Takashi; Jang, S.*
Dai-25-Kai Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2021/07
If a pressurized water/water-vapor leaks from a heat transfer tube in a steam generator (SG) in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), sodium-water reaction forms high-velocity, high-temperature, and corrosive jet. It would damage the other tubes and might propagate the tube failure in the SG. Thus, it is important to evaluate the effect of the tube failure propagation for safety assessment of SFR. The computational code LEAP-III can evaluate water leak rate during the tube failure propagation with short calculation time, since it consists of empirical formulae and one-dimensional equations of conservation. One of the empirical models, temperature distribution evaluation model, evaluates the temperature distribution in SG as circular arc isolines determined by experiments and preliminary analyses instead of complicated real distribution. In order to improve this model to get more realistic temperature distribution, we have developed the Lagrangian particle method based on engineering approaches. In this study, we have focused on evaluating gas flow in a tube bundle system, and constructed new models for the gas-particles behavior around a tube to evaluate void fraction distribution near the tube. Through the test analysis simulating one target tube system, we confirmed the capability of the models and next topic to improve the models.
Takeda, Takeshi
JAEA-Data/Code 2021-006, 61 Pages, 2021/04
JAEA-Data-Code-2021-006.pdf:2.78MB
An experiment denoted as SB-PV-09 was conducted on November 17, 2005 using the Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) in the Rig of Safety Assessment-V (ROSA-V) Program. The ROSA/LSTF experiment SB-PV-09 simulated a 1.9% pressure vessel top small-break loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The test assumptions included total failure of high pressure injection system and non-condensable gas (nitrogen gas) inflow to the primary system from accumulator (ACC) tanks of emergency core cooling system (ECCS). In the experiment, liquid level in the upper-head was found to control break flow rate. When maximum core exit temperature reached 623 K, steam generator (SG) secondary-side depressurization was initiated by fully opening the relief valves in both SGs as an accident management (AM) action. The AM action, however, was ineffective on the primary depressurization until the SG secondary-side pressure decreased to the primary pressure. Meanwhile, the core power was automatically reduced when maximum cladding surface temperature of simulated fuel rods exceeded the pre-determined value of 958 K to protect the LSTF core due to late and slow response of core exit temperature. After the automatic core power reduction, loop seal clearing (LSC) was induced in both loops by steam condensation on the ACC coolant injected into cold legs. The whole core was quenched because of core recovery after the LSC. After the ACC tanks started to discharge nitrogen gas, the pressure difference between the primary and SG secondary sides became larger. After the continuous core cooling was confirmed through the actuation of low pressure injection system of ECCS, the experiment was terminated. This report summarizes the test procedures, conditions, and major observations in the ROSA/LSTF experiment SB-PV-09.
Takeda, Takeshi
JAEA-Data/Code 2020-019, 58 Pages, 2021/01
JAEA-Data-Code-2020-019.pdf:3.85MB
An experiment denoted as SB-SL-01 was conducted on March 27, 1990 using the Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) in the Rig of Safety Assessment-IV (ROSA-IV) Program. The ROSA/LSTF experiment SB-SL-01 simulated a main steam line break (MSLB) accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The test assumptions were made such as auxiliary feedwater (AFW) injection into secondary-side of both steam generators (SGs) and coolant injection from high pressure injection (HPI) system of emergency core cooling system into cold legs in both loops. The MSLB led to a fast depressurization of broken SG, which caused a decrease in the broken SG secondary-side wide-range liquid level. The broken SG secondary-side wide-range liquid level recovered because of the AFW injection into the broken SG secondary-side. The primary pressure temporarily decreased a little just after the MSLB, and increased up to 16.1 MPa following the closure of the SG main steam isolation valves. Coolant was manually injected from the HPI system into cold legs in both loops a few minutes after the primary pressure reduced to below 10 MPa. The primary pressure raised due to the HPI coolant injection, but was kept at less than 16.2 MPa by fully opening a power-operated relief valve of pressurizer. The core was filled with subcooled liquid through the experiment. Thermal stratification was seen in intact loop cold leg during the HPI coolant injection owing to the flow stagnation. On the other hand, significant natural circulation prevailed in broken loop. When the continuous core cooling was ensured by the successive coolant injection from the HPI system, the experiment was terminated. The experimental data obtained would be useful to consider recovery actions and procedures in the multiple fault accident with the MSLB of PWR. This report summarizes the test procedures, conditions, and major observations in the ROSA/LSTF experiment SB-SL-01.
Umeda, Ryota; Shimoyama, Kazuhito; Kurihara, Akikazu
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai Wabun Rombunshi, 19(4), p.234 - 244, 2020/12
Sodium-water reaction caused by failure of the steam generator tube of sodium-cooled fast reactor induce the wastage phenomenon, which has erosive and corrosive feature. In this report, the authors have performed the self-wastage experiments under high sodium temperature condition to evaluate the effect of wastage form/geometry by using two types of initial defect such as the micro fine pinhole and fatigue crack, and water leak rate on self-wastage rate. Based on the consideration of crack type influence, it was confirmed that self-wastage rate did not strongly depend on the initial defect geometry. As a mechanism of the self-plug phenomenon, it is speculated that sodium oxide intervenes and inhibits the progress of self-wastage. The dependence of initial sodium temperature on self-wastage rate was clearly observed, and new self-wastage correlation was derived considering the initial sodium temperature.
Uchibori, Akihiro; Yanagisawa, Hideki*; Takata, Takashi; Li, J.*; Jang, S.*
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 7(3), p.19-00548_1 - 19-00548_11, 2020/06
Evaluation of occurrence possibility of tube failure propagation under sodium-water reaction accident is an important issue. In this study, a numerical analysis method to predict occurrence of failure propagation by overheating rupture was constructed to expand application range of an existing computer code. Applicability of the method was constructed through the numerical analysis of the experiment on water vapor discharging in liquid sodium. To improve the evaluation accuracy for the temperature distribution, a Lagrangian particle model for simulating reacting jet was also developed as an alternative method and its basic function was confirmed.
Uchibori, Akihiro; Watanabe, Akira*; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki
Nuclear Technology, 205(1-2), p.119 - 127, 2019/01
Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：33.76(Nuclear Science & Technology)To evaluate a sodium-water reaction phenomenon in a steam generator of sodium-cooled fast reactors, a computational fluid dynamics code SERAPHIM, in which a compressible multicomponent multiphase flow with sodium-water chemical reaction is computed, has been developed. The original SERAPHIM code is based on the difference method. In this study, unstructured mesh-based numerical method was developed to advance a numerical accuracy for the complex-shaped domain including multiple heat transfer tubes. Numerical analysis of an underexpanded jet experiment was performed as part of validation of the unstructured mesh-based numerical method. The calculated pressure profile and location of the Mach disk showed good agreement with the experimental data. Applicability of the numerical method for the actual situation was confirmed through the analysis of water vapor discharging into liquid sodium.
Uchibori, Akihiro; Yanagisawa, Hideki*; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki
Proceedings of 11th Korea-Japan Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS-11) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2018/11
Evaluation of occurrence possibility of tube failure propagation under sodium-water reaction accident is an important issue. In this study, a numerical analysis method to predict occurrence of failure propagation by overheating rupture was constructed to expand application range of an existing computer code. Applicability of the method was constructed through the numerical analysis of the experiment on water vapor discharging in liquid sodium.
Uchibori, Akihiro; Takata, Takashi; Yanagisawa, Hideki*; Li, J.*; Jang, S.*
Proceedings of 2018 ANS Winter Meeting and Nuclear Technology Expo; Embedded Topical International Topical Meeting on Advances in Thermal Hydraulics (ATH 2018) (USB Flash Drive), p.1289 - 1294, 2018/11
Evaluation of occurrence possibility of tube failure propagation under sodium-water reaction accident is an important issue. In this study, a numerical analysis method to predict occurrence of failure propagation by overheating rupture was constructed to expand application range of an existing computer code. Applicability of the method was constructed through the numerical analysis of the experiment on water vapor discharging in liquid sodium. To improve the evaluation accuracy for the temperature distribution, a Lagrangian particle model for simulating reacting jet was also developed as an alternative method and its basic function was confirmed.
Sugimoto, Taro*; Saito, Shimpei*; Kaneko, Akiko*; Abe, Yutaka*; Uchibori, Akihiro; Ohshima, Hiroyuki
Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-26) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2018/07
A computational fluid dynamics code for a sodium-water reaction phenomenon in a steam generator of sodium-cooled fast reactors has been developed. In order to provide the data for validation of this code, the visualization experiment on liquid droplet entrainment in the high-pressure air jet submerged in the water pool was carried out. The experiment successfully elucidated the behavior, such as atomization of the relatively large diameter liquid droplet generated from the gas-liquid interface.
Takeda, Takeshi
JAEA-Data/Code 2018-004, 64 Pages, 2018/03
JAEA-Data-Code-2018-004.pdf:3.33MB
Experiment SB-SG-10 was conducted on November 17, 1992 using LSTF. Experiment simulated recovery actions from multiple steam generator (SG) tube rupture accident in PWR. Primary pressure was kept higher than broken SG secondary-side pressure due to coolant injection from high pressure injection (HPI) system into cold and hot legs even after start of full opening of intact SG relief valve (RV). Full opening of power-operated relief valve (PORV) in pressurizer (PZR) resulted in pressure equalization between primary and broken SG systems as well as PZR liquid level recovery. Broken SG RV opened once after start of intact SG RV full opening. Core was filled with saturated or subcooled liquid through experiment. Significant natural circulation prevailed in intact loop after start of intact SG RV full opening. Significant thermal stratification appeared in hot legs especially during time period of HPI coolant injection into hot legs.
Takeda, Takeshi
JAEA-Data/Code 2018-003, 60 Pages, 2018/03
JAEA-Data-Code-2018-003.pdf:3.68MB
Experiment SB-PV-07 was conducted on June 9, 2005 using LSTF. Experiment simulated 1% pressure vessel top small-break LOCA in PWR under total failure of HPI system and nitrogen gas inflow to primary system from ACC tanks. Liquid level in upper-head was found to control break flow rate. Coolant was started to manually inject from HPI system into cold legs as first accident management (AM) action when maximum core exit temperature reached 623 K. Fuel rod surface temperature largely increased because of late and slow response of core exit temperature. SG secondary-side depressurization was initiated by fully opening relief valves as second AM action when primary pressure decreased to 4 MPa. However, second AM action was not effective on primary depressurization until SG secondary-side pressure decreased to primary pressure. Pressure difference became larger between primary and SG secondary sides after ACC tanks started to discharge nitrogen gas.
Uchibori, Akihiro; Watanabe, Akira*; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 54(10), p.1036 - 1045, 2017/10
Times Cited Count：5 Percentile：39.39(Nuclear Science & Technology)To evaluate a sodium-water reaction phenomenon in a steam generator of sodium-cooled fast reactors, a computational fluid dynamics code SERAPHIM, in which a compressible multicomponent multiphase flow with sodium-water chemical reaction is computed, has been developed. The original SERAPHIM code is based on the difference method. In this study, unstructured mesh-based numerical method was developed to advance a numerical accuracy for the complex-shaped domain including multiple heat transfer tubes. Numerical analysis of an underexpanded jet experiment was performed as part of validation of the unstructured mesh-based numerical method. The calculated pressure profile showed good agreement with the experimental data. Applicability of the numerical method for the actual situation was confirmed through the analysis of water vapor discharging into liquid sodium. The effect of use of the unstructured mesh was also investigated by the two analyses using structured and unstructured mesh.
Uchibori, Akihiro; Takata, Takashi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Watanabe, Akira*
Proceedings of 17th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-17) (USB Flash Drive), 12 Pages, 2017/09
To evaluate a sodium-water reaction phenomenon in a steam generator of sodium-cooled fast reactors, a computational fluid dynamics code SERAPHIM, in which a compressible multicomponent multiphase flow with sodium-water chemical reaction is computed, has been developed. The original SERAPHIM code is based on the difference method. In this study, unstructured mesh-based numerical method was developed to advance a numerical accuracy for the complex-shaped domain including multiple heat transfer tubes. Numerical analysis of an underexpanded jet experiment was performed as part of validation of the unstructured mesh-based numerical method. The calculated pressure profile and location of the Mach disk showed good agreement with the experimental data. Applicability of the numerical method for the actual situation was confirmed through the analysis of water vapor discharging into liquid sodium.
