Scale-anomaly-induced binding pressure in hadrons

Fujii, Daisuke; Tanaka, Mitsuru*

Physics Letters B, 870, p.139872_1 - 139872_7, 2025/11

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139872

We investigate how the QCD scale anomaly contributes to the internal pressure structure of hadrons, employing the decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor into its trace and traceless parts. By utilizing recent model-independent results for gravitational form factors, we analyze the pressure distributions of both pions and nucleons in the instant form and the light-front form. Our analysis reveals that, in all examined cases, the confining pressure is predominantly driven by the scale anomaly. This indicates that the dominance of the scale anomaly in generating internal pressure is a robust and universal feature, regardless of the specific hadron, theoretical model, or form used in the analysis.